scholarly journals Parents’ social norms and children’s exposure to three behavioral risk factors for chronic disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Drouin ◽  
Jonathan P. Winickoff ◽  
Anne N. Thorndike
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Not At Risk ◽  
Children’S Exposure ◽  
At Home

Social norms predict health behaviors of adults and adolescents. We aimed to determine if parents’ beliefs about social norms were associated with children’s exposure to three behavioral risk factors. We asked 648 parents of children ages 0-18 years old attending two pediatric practices about their children’s exposure to smoking at home. Parents of 341 parents with children >2 years old were also asked about insufficient dental care, and 435 with children aged >12 months about their children’s sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. Children were categorized as “at risk” or “not at risk” for each factor.The primary outcome was the parent-reported estimate of neighborhood prevalence of those same risk factors.Of eligible participants, 8% reported smoking at home, 23% that their child hadn’t seen a dentist for 6 months, and 35% that their child drank SSBs once a day or more. In multivariate analyses, parents with children in the “at risk” group estimated that the prevalence of each risk factor was higher in their neighborhood, than did participants with children in the “not at risk” group: difference of 12.2% [95% CI, 5.8%-18.6%] for tobacco-smoke exposure, 18.6% [95% CI, 10.7%-26.5%] for lack of regular dental visits and 12.1% [95% CI, 5.1%-19.0%] for SSB consumption (P<0.001 for all comparisons).Parents of children exposed to three behavioral risk factors reported higher perceived prevalence of each risk factor compared to parents of children not at risk. Addressing parents’ social norms beliefs could help promote healthier behaviors of children.

scholarly journals Low Body Mass Index Can Identify Majority of Osteoporotic Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Missed by Current Guidelines

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Atreja ◽  
Ashish Aggarwal ◽  
Angelo A. Licata ◽  
Bret A. Lashner
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Low Bmi ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Provider Adherence ◽  
Not At Risk ◽  
Current Guidelines

Background. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at high risk of developing osteoporosis. Our objective was to determine the usefulness of IBD guidelines in identifying patients at risk for developing osteoporosis.Methods. We utilized institutional repository to identify patients seen in IBD center and extracted data on demographics, disease history, conventional, and nonconventional risk factors for osteoporosis and Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) findings.Results. 59% of patients (1004/1703) in our IBD cohort had at least one risk factor for osteoporosis screening. DXA was documented in 263 patients with indication of screening (provider adherence, 26.2%), and of these, 196 patients had DXA completed (“at-risk” group). Ninety-five patients not meeting guidelines-based risk factors also had DXA completed (“not at-risk” group). 139 (70.9%) patients in “at-risk” group had low BMD, while 51 (53.7%) of “not-at-risk” patients had low BMD. Majority of the patients with osteoporosis (83.3%) missed by the current guidelines had low BMI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low BMI was the strongest risk factor for osteoporosis (OR 3.07; 95% CI, 1.47–6.42;P=0.003).Conclusions. Provider adherence to current guidelines is suboptimal. Low BMI can identify majority of the patients with osteoporosis that are missed by current guidelines.

REPRINT OF: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveys: I. State-Specific Prevalence Estimates of Behavioral Risk Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 779-786
Author(s):  
James S. Marks ◽  
Gary C. Hogelin ◽  
Eileen M. Gentry ◽  
Jack T. Jones ◽  
Karen L. Gaines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factor ◽  
Prevalence Estimates

Children at Risk

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-86
Author(s):  
Canan Yildiz Çiçekler ◽  
Devlet Alakoç Pirpir
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Children At Risk ◽  
Divorced Families ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Children’S Exposure

Children's exposure to many risk factors such as; need for protection, living on the streets, working, abuse and neglected, pushed into crime, exposed to violence, obliged to immigrate due to war, living under socio-economic disadvantageous conditions, having chronic diseases, being a disabled child and living in divorced families can arise from both their families and from the social structure. Throughout the world, many children live at risk due to various reasons. Irrespective of the reasons, which risk group the children enter and the factors causing this situation should be examined. According to the obtained data, the factors causing to such situations should be determined and necessary precautions should be taken. Thus, the negative conditions, under which the children are, can be improved and the children can be reintegrated into society.

scholarly journals Description Analysis of Human Behavior that Causes the Emergence of HIV/AIDS Infectious Diseases in Surabaya

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Yayuk Susilawati ◽  
Nasronudin Nasronudin ◽  
Atika Atika
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV virus is transmitted to other individuals particularly through sexual contact with infected individuals, narcotic abuse using shared infected needle, maternal-fetal transmission in perinatal period, either during pregnancy, labor, and breastfeeding, or through infected blood donor. The diagnosis of HIV/AIDS infection is established using laboratory examination with the indication of clinical symptoms or high risk behavior. This descriptive study was intended to describe human behaviors that cause the occurrence of HIV/AIDS in Surabaya. To find the description of the disease, the percentage of total HIV/AIDS patients according to behavioral risk factors was estimated. Total patients in 9 hospitals at each risk factor were divided with total patients in those hospital, multiplied with 100. The description of the disease according to behavioral risk factors in Surabaya is as follows: total patients between January and December 2005 was 382 individuals; 204 due to sexual contact (53.40%), 161 due to injected drug use (IDU) (42.15%), 6 perinatal cases (1.57%) and 11 with unknown causes (2.88%). From risk factor sexual relationship behavior as many as 204 people, respectively heterosexual 174 people (85.29%), homosexual 17 people (8.33%) and bisexual 13 people (6.37%). Further analytical studies are needed to analyze correlation between human behavior and the occurrence of HIV/AIDS in Surabaya.

scholarly journals Socio-Behavioral Risk Factors Associated with Cryptosporidiosis in HIV/AIDS Patients Visiting the HIV Referral Clinic at Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-116
Author(s):  
Yeboah K. Opoku ◽  
Johnson N. Boampong ◽  
Irene Ayi ◽  
Godwin Kwakye-Nuako ◽  
Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Cape Coast ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Enteric Protozoan ◽  
Hiv Aids

Objective:To identify the socio-behavioral risk factors associated with cryptosporidiosis among HIV/AIDS patients with chronic diarrhea symptoms visiting the HIV referral clinic at Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 HIV/AIDS patients with recurrent diarrhea. Questionnaires were administered to collect social and behavioral risk factors associated withCryptosporidiumand other opportunistic protozoan parasitic infections in HIV patients. Stool samples were collected for the diagnosis of enteric protozoan pathogens using modified Ziehl-Neelsen and acid-fast staining methods. CD4+cells counts of study subjects were obtained from patients clinical records. The data obtained were analyzed using Pearson chi-square and multivariate-adjusted statistics tool on SPSS 16 for Windows.Results:Twenty-seven (54%) of the subjects were infected with enteric protozoan pathogens. The prevalences ofCryptosporidium,CyclosporaandMicrosporidiuminfections were 46%, 32% and 16%, respectively.Cryptosporidiuminfection was significantly associated with drinking water (×2=13.528, p<0.001),Cyclosporawas associated with the type of drinking water (×2=14.931, p<0.001) and toilet facilities used by the study subjects (×2=12.463, p<0.01), whilesMicrosporidiuminfection was associated with hand washing behavior (×2=12.463, p<0.01). Enteric protozoans were frequently encountered among subjects with CD4+ T-cell count <200 cells/mm3. However, coinfection ofCyclospora spp&Cryptosporidiumspp was not observed in CD4+cell count <200 and >500 cells/mm3.Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factor forCryptosporidiuminfection among HIV/AIDS patients was the source of drinking water (pipe borne water 76.2% prevalence: sachet water 25%; OR=0.10, 95%CI: 0.03-0.39, p<0.001).Conclusion:We report the risk factor for exposure ofCryptosporidiuminfection among HIV/AIDS patients for the first time in Ghana. The contamination of drinking water by protozoan parasites should be a public health concern. These results provide the stepping block to understand the transmission dynamics ofCryptosporidiumand other opportunistic pathogens in HIV/AIDS infected patients in Ghana.

Alcohol consumption: The single most important behavioral risk factor in breast cancer?

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (27_suppl) ◽  
pp. 176-176
Author(s):  
T. Lautenschlaeger ◽  
V. Dedousi-Huebner ◽  
A. Chakravarti
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
National Average ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factor

176 Background: Breast cancer research has identified certain risk factors over the years, which influence a woman's chance of getting the disease. While factors such as personal history of breast abnormalities, age and the occurrence of breast cancer among first-degree relatives have been identified as estimation factors for breast cancer risk, other factors are less conclusive. Increasingly, obesity is being analyzed as a significant risk factor for many cancers and, after tobacco use, may be one of the most modifiable behavioral cancer risk factors. Interestingly when comparing the incidence rate of breast cancer to the obesity rate nationwide many states show a disparity in the two. It may be that other behavioral risk factors are of greater importance. Methods: The US States Mississippi and West Virginia display the highest rates of obesity (over 29.4% of their population display a BMI over 30.0) and the lowest rates in breast cancer incidence nationwide (under 113.9 and 113.5 people per 100.00. residents are diagnosed with cancer each year respectively). We set out to look at various behavioral risk factors to possibly detect an underlying pattern for breast cancer. Using selected metropolitan/micropolitan area risk trend data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from the CDC, we compared median percentages of the following risk factors: health status, exercise, diabetes, flu vaccination, current smoking, binge drinking and obesity. Results: Both states displayed higher percentages in all risk factors compared to the national average except for one in which they were below the national average: binge drinking. Rhode Island and Connecticut, the two states with the highest incidence rates in breast cancer, in turn displayed slightly higher rates of binge drinking compared to the national average. Conclusions: It appears that binge drinking might weigh more than other behavioral factors in terms of risk associated to breast cancer. Future research will need to analyze the interplay and patterns of the various risk factors as well as evaluate the association of mammographic density and alcohol drinking to further investigate the role of alcohol and binge drinking in the development of breast cancer.

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