CENTRALIZED TREATMENT OF WASTE THROUGH COMPOSTING: INFLUENCE OF THE C/N RATIO AND BULKING AGENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1147-1156
Author(s):  
Felippe Martins Damaceno ◽  
Camila Marta de Abreu ◽  
Igor de Souza Batista ◽  
Luis Felipe do Nascimento Pinheiro ◽  
Renata Mendes Serralheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulking Agent

Antidepressant Better Than Bulking Agent in IBS

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
TIMOTHY F. KIRN
Keyword(s):  
Bulking Agent ◽  
Better Than

scholarly journals Potential mechanisms involving the immobilization of Cd, As and Cr during swine manure composting

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao-Nan Guo ◽  
Li-Xia Wang ◽  
Hong-Tao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Redundancy Analysis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Bulking Agent ◽  
Initial Carbon ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This study aims to investigate the relationship between key physicochemical parameters related to composting process and bioavailability of Cd, As and Cr during swine manure composting through regulating different initial carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios (15:1, 20:1, 25:1) and bulking agent types (straw, green waste). Results showed that higher initial C/N ratio of 20:1 or 25:1 and straw as bulking agent were optimal to reduce the bioavailability of Cd, As and Cr (62.4%, 20.6% and 32.2% reduction, respectively). Redundancy analysis implied that the bioavailability of Cd was significantly associated with total phosphorus and total nitrogen, deducing the formation of phosphate precipitation and biosorption might participated in the reaction process, while that of As and Cr were mainly influenced by organic matter (OM), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and OM, CEC, electric conductivity, respectively. A total of 48.5%, 64.6% and 62.2% of Cd, As and Cr redistribution information could be explained by the above parameters. Further correlation analysis revealed that bioavailable As and Cr were negatively correlated with humic acid to fulvic acid ratio. In summary, this study confirms that the mechanisms of phosphate precipitation, biosorption and humification played critical role in reducing Cd, As and Cr bioavailability during swine manure composting.

scholarly journals Injectable Bulking Agent to Treat Postprostatectomy Urinary Incontinence: A Safety and Effectiveness Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Janneke I. M. van Uhm ◽  
Marloes Vermeer ◽  
Henk W. Elzevier ◽  
Joop W. Noordzij ◽  
Evert L. Koldewijn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Treatment Option ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Bulking Agent ◽  
International Consultation ◽  
Weight Test ◽  
Urine Loss

Objectives. To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the injectable bulking agent Opsys® (Promedon, Cordoba, Argentina) for treating minimal postprostatectomy stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Patients and Methods. Single-centre, pilot study on ten male patients with SUI, < 30 g urine loss/ 24 h, more than 1 year after radical prostatectomy. Patients were treated by endoscopic transurethral injections of bulking agent in the presphincteric zone of the urethral submucosa. The results were evaluated using a pad weight test to quantify the differences in urine loss at 1, 3, and 6 months after intervention. Subsequently, the results of treatment were also evaluated by International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF), Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7), Urogenital Distress Inventory Short Form (UDI-6-SF), and the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) at 1, 3, and 6 months after intervention. Results. The primary outcome was the absolute result of the 24-hour pad weight test after treatment. Treatment success was defined as <3 g urine loss/24 h, improvement as ≥50% decrease in urine loss/ 24h, failure as <50% decrease in urine loss/24 h, or worsening of urine loss. Success was demonstrated in one, improvement in one, and failure in eight patients one month after treatment. One patient improved and 9 failed 3 and 6 months after treatment. The median 24-hour pad weight test was higher at all three moments of follow-up (1, 3, and 6 months after treatment). The median 24-hour pad weight test was before treatment 17.3g (6.4-20.9) and 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment, respectively, 40.3g (5.9-130.6) p= 0.038, 38.3g (18.3-202.1) p= 0.014, 55.0g (16.5-314.6) p= 0.028. The ICIQ-SF was significantly higher at 3 and 6 months, respectively 15.0 (12.0-18.5) p= 0.007 and 16.0 (12.5-17.5) p=0.012 versus 10.0 (9.0-12.0) before injection. No significant differences were found between IIQ-7, UDI-6-SF, and PGI-I before and after injection. Complications occurred in four patients: two patients reported spontaneously resolved haematuria and two patients reported urinary frequency. All complications were classified as Clavien–Dindo 1. Conclusion. Injection therapy with Opsys® bulking agent is not an effective treatment option for male SUI after radical prostatectomy. It is not a safe treatment option, due to worsening urine loss after treatment.

Dual growth factor-loaded in situ gel-forming bulking agent: passive and bioactive effects for the treatment of urinary incontinence

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Se Heang Oh ◽  
Jin Woo Bae ◽  
Jun Goo Kang ◽  
In Gul Kim ◽  
Joo Young Son ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Bulking Agent ◽  
In Situ Gel
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document