scholarly journals Biosecurity and aphids in New Zealand

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A.J. Teulon ◽  
M.A.W. Stufkens
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Short Generation Time ◽  
Parthenogenetic Reproduction ◽  
Reproductive Rates

About 110 introduced aphid species (Hemiptera Aphididae) have been recorded in New Zealand Only 12 indigenous species have been recorded On average there has been about one new aphid incursion into New Zealand per year over the last 130 years although this rate has declined dramatically in recent years The origins of introduced aphids appear to include most parts of the globe Many introduced aphids damage economically important plants through their feeding and transmitting plant viruses Less quantifiable environmental impacts include injury to native plants and the displacement of native aphids on their host plants Aspects of aphid biology such as small size parthenogenetic reproduction high reproductive rates short generation time rapid dispersal and eruptive population dynamics pose particularly difficult challenges for aphid biosecurity in New Zealand

scholarly journals Aphid endosymbiont facilitates virus transmission by modulating the volatile profile of host plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Bin Shi ◽  
Shuo Yan ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Li-Min Zheng ◽  
Zhan-Hong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Volatile Profile ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Buchnera Aphidicola ◽  
Plant Volatile ◽  
Volatile Profiles

Abstract Background Most plant viruses rely on vectors for their transmission and spread. One of the outstanding biological questions concerning the vector-pathogen-symbiont multi-trophic interactions is the potential involvement of vector symbionts in the virus transmission process. Here, we used a multi-factorial system containing a non-persistent plant virus, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), its primary vector, green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, and the obligate endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola to explore this uncharted territory. Results Based on our preliminary research, we hypothesized that aphid endosymbiont B. aphidicola can facilitate CMV transmission by modulating plant volatile profiles. Gene expression analyses demonstrated that CMV infection reduced B. aphidicola abundance in M. persicae, in which lower abundance of B. aphidicola was associated with a preference shift in aphids from infected to healthy plants. Volatile profile analyses confirmed that feeding by aphids with lower B. aphidicola titers reduced the production of attractants, while increased the emission of deterrents. As a result, M. persicae changed their feeding preference from infected to healthy plants. Conclusions We conclude that CMV infection reduces the B. aphidicola abundance in M. persicae. When viruliferous aphids feed on host plants, dynamic changes in obligate symbionts lead to a shift in plant volatiles from attraction to avoidance, thereby switching insect vector’s feeding preference from infected to healthy plants.

Ceroplastes sinensis. [Distribution map].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Ceroplastes sinensis Del G. (Hemipt., Coccoidea) (Chinese Wax Scale). Host Plants: Citrus, figs (Ficus), grape, pear. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE (excl. USSR), Corsica, France, Italy, Portugal, Sardinia, Sicily, Spain, ASIA (excl. USSR), China, Iran, Lebanon, Philippines, Turkey, USSR, AFRICA, Algeria, Benin, Egypt, Ivory Coast, Madeira, Morocco, Mozambique, Togo, Tunisia, AUSTRALASIA, Australia, New Zealand, WEST INDIES, Bermuda, Jamaica, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Uruguay.

Ustilago hypodytes. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Root System ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Meristematic Tissue ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vegetative Multiplication ◽  
Established Infection

Abstract A description is provided for Ustilago hypodytes. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: A wide range of grasses, including species of Agropyron (many), Ammophila, Brachypodium, Bromus, Calamagrostis, Diplachne, Distichlis, Elymus (many), Festuca, Glyceria, Hilaria, Hordeum, Haynaldia, Lygeum, Melica, Orysopsis, Panicum, Phalaris, Phleum, Poa (many), Puccinellia, Secale, Sitanion, Sporobolus, Stipa (many), and Trisetum. DISEASE: Stem smut of grasses. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Chiefly a temperate species found in Europe (including Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, USSR, Yugoslavia) and North America (Canada, USA) and extending to central and South America (Argentina, Peru, Uruguay), N. Africa (Libya, Morocco, Tunisia), Japan, Australia and New Zealand. TRANSMISSION: Not fully understood, though inoculation experiments have demonstrated that infection occurs in mature vegetative plants (possibly through meristematic tissue), not seeds or flowers (22, 240; 24, 511). Once established, infection is systemic, probably overwintering in the root system and spreading by vegetative multiplication of host plants as well as from plant to plant (24, 511; 19, 720).

Screening of New Zealand native plants for enzyme inhibitory activities

1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Kellam ◽  
Margaret H. Tisch ◽  
John R. L. Walker
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

scholarly journals The lifecycle and epidemiology of Bactericera cockerelli on three traditional Maori food sources

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 275-275
Author(s):  
A.J. Puketapu
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Introduced Pest ◽  
Solanum Aviculare

The tomato/potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera Triozidae) is an introduced pest of solanaceous crops in New Zealand A range of established plants play host to Bactericera cockerelli including three traditional Maori food sources taewa or Maori potatoes (Solanum tuberosum ssp andigena) kumara (Ipomoea batatas) and poroporo (Solanum aviculare) Taewa and kumara are highly susceptible to summer B cockerelli infestation whilst poroporo an evergreen plant remains susceptible yearround and provides overwintering refuge Extensive monitoring of each host plant was carried out to determine the significance of each host in the lifecycle of B cockerelli in New Zealand Poroporo was monitored from late autumn for 6 months to determine if the plant served as a significant overwintering host for the pest after harvesting summer crops Taewa and kumara plants were monitored throughout the summer growing season on a weekly basis increasing to twice a week as populations proliferated Host plants were monitored both in the natural environment and under laboratory conditions Data collected contributed to tracking population development of B cockerelli on each host including the length of each life stage (ie egg nymph adult) Comparisons between the three hosts revealed host preference host suitability and the significance of each host in the lifecycle progression of B cockerelli

scholarly journals The key roles of seed banks in plant biodiversity management in New Zealand

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
W.M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Plant Biodiversity ◽  
Biodiversity Management ◽  
Recent Initiative ◽  
New Zealand Flora ◽  
Pasture Plants

The New Zealand flora is a mixture of indigenous and introduced species. The indigenous species have a high intrinsic value while the introduced species include all of the crop and pasture plants upon which the export-led economy depends. New Zealand must maintain both of these important sources of biodiversity in balance. Seed banks are useful tools for biodiversity management. In New Zealand, a seed bank for indigenous species has been a very recent initiative. By contrast, seed banks for introduced species have been established for over 70 years. The reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. For the economic species, conserved genetic diversity is used to enhance productivity and the environment. Large advances can be gained from species that are not used as economic plants. The gene-pool of white clover has been expanded by the use of minor species conserved as seeds in the Margot Forde Germplasm Centre. Keywords: Seed banks, biodiversity conservation, New Zealand flora

The Phytoremediation Potential of Native Plants on New Zealand Dairy Farms

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 719-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason L. Hahner ◽  
Brett H. Robinson ◽  
Zhong Hong-Tao ◽  
Nicholas M. Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Dairy Farms

Hosts and non-hosts in plant virology and the effects of plant viruses on host plants

2014 ◽  
pp. 105-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Takács ◽  
József Horváth ◽  
Richard Gáborjányi ◽  
Gabriella Kazinczi ◽  
József Mikulás
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Plant Virology

Corollospora gracilis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. Enríquez
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Rhizophora Mangle ◽  
Thalassia Testudinum ◽  
Syringodium Filiforme

Abstract A description is provided for Corollospora gracilis. Information on the host plants (Coccoloba uvifera, Rhizophora mangle, Sargassum sp., Syringodium filiforme and Thalassia testudinum), geographical distribution (South Africa, Mexico, Japan, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, Cuba, Dominican Republic, and Tamil Nadu and West Bengal, India), and dispersal and transmission of the pathogen is presented.

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