scholarly journals Parasitism of tomato fruitworm larvae in process tomatoes at Pukekohe

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 224-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.P Walker ◽  
T.J.B. Herman ◽  
M.S. Qureshi ◽  
S. Winkler ◽  
A.R. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Microplitis Croceipes ◽  
Alternative Hosts ◽  
Larval Parasitoids ◽  
Meteorus Pulchricornis ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Zoophthora Radicans ◽  
Tomato Fruitworm

A process tomato trial was undertaken at Pukekohe to investigate the interactions between tomato fruitworm Helicoverpa armigera and its larval parasitoids the accidentally introduced generalist Meteorus pulchricornis and the introduced specialists Cotesia kazak and Microplitis croceipes Total mortality of larvae caused by parasitism was 75 with M pulchricornis the dominant parasitoid reared from 54 of parasitised larvae and C kazak and M croceipes reared from 33 and 13 respectively Cotesia kazak attacked smaller larvae than the other two species and was able to survive in the presence of the entomopathogenic fungus Zoophthora radicans late in the crop These results contrast with those for corresponding parasitism in Hawkes Bay where C kazak is very dominant It is concluded that the availability of alternative hosts in areas like Pukekohe is causing the displacement of C kazak there but that this is having little impact on biocontrol of this pest in tomatoes

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Gyropsylla spegazziniana (Lizer & Trelles) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) to Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill.

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Francisco Angeli Alves ◽  
Marina Andressa Formentini ◽  
André Luis Pereira Fanti ◽  
Maria Elena Schapovaloff ◽  
Ionete Lúcia Milani Barzotto
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Pest Insects ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Zoophthora Radicans ◽  
High Level

Gyropsylla spegazziniana is one of the most prominent pest insects of yerba mate culture in all production regions in Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay. Natural enemies have been recorded on G. spegazziniana nymphs and adults, including the Zoophthora radicans entomopathogenic fungus. Since there are no reports of Beauveria bassiana, the aim of this study was to register its pathogenicity with respect to this insect in a laboratory setting. Yerba mate branches were kept in glass flasks with water and we infested each leaf with 20 newly-emerged nymphs. We prepared three replicates per treatment. We sprayed conidia suspensions (1 × 109 conidia/mL) onto the branches, which we transferred to cages and kept in an acclimatized room (26 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% of relative humidity (R.H.) with a photophase of 14 hours). We evaluated insect mortality daily, and after five days we observed a high level of pathogenicity due to the presence of the fungus, that could be visually observed on the cadaver. The total mortality varied from 25 to 70% (respectively for Unioeste 4 and CG 716) and the confirmed mortality was 30% for Unioeste 52, revealing the fungus' potential. However, more studies are necessary in order to evaluate the strains of this fungus, as well as other species.

scholarly journals Study of Host Preference and the Comparison of some Biological Characteristcs of Bemisia Tabasi (Genn) on Tomato Varieties

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Masoomeh Samareh Fekri ◽  
Mohammad Amin Samih ◽  
Sohrab Imani ◽  
Mehdi Zarabi
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Percentage Mortality ◽  
Tomato Variety ◽  
Choice Preference

Abstract The resistance of 8 tomato varieties to cotton white fly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), was evaluated in four greenhouse experiments. In the first experiment, we evaluated the attractiveness and preference for oviposition in a free-choice test (randomized blocks, 8 treatments, and 5 replications). In the other experiments, we evaluated the no-choice preference for oviposition (randomized blocks, 4 treatments, and 4 replications). The whitefly egg-adult cycle was monitored using a statistical design in randomized blocks with four replications. The percentage mortality of immature stages was also determined (randomized blocks with four replications). In the free-choice test, the tomato variety Rio Grande was the most attractive to adults, while the variety Cheffalat had the lowest number of adults. Also in this assay, the variety CAL-JN3 presented the lowest number of eggs, while the variety Ergon presented the highest number of eggs. In the no-choice test, the varieties Chef-falat and CAL-JN3 remained resistant. Consequently, for these two varieties non-preference is the oviposition resistance mechanism. The egg-adult cycle varied from 26.02 days (Ergon) to 26.66 days (CAL-JN3). The total mortality varied from 20.52 (Ergon) to 33.97 (CAL-JN3). Considering all the characteristics, the variety CAL-JN3 was the most resistant to B. tabaci among all the tomato varieties studied, while variety Ergon was susceptible.

scholarly journals Introduction and establishment of Microplitis croceipes a larval parasitoid of heliothis in North Island pine forests

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 328-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J.B. Herman ◽  
M.M Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Microplitis Croceipes ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Recent Outbreak ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera

Heliothis (Helicoverpa armigera) is a periodic pest of young pine trees (Pinus radiata) In response to a recent outbreak of this pest Microplitis croceipes a parasitoid of heliothis larvae was introduced into forests of the North Island volcanic plateau to augment biological control of heliothis A total of 13600 M croceipes pupae were released at monthly intervals over three seasons (199598) Successful overwintering of M croceipes populations confirmed establishment in the forests Mean monthly parasitism reached 107 in the third season Surveys at points radiating out from the release sites indicated that M croceipes was spreading at approximately 1 km per year

On Catastrophic Increase in Mortality and Measures to Save the People in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Abel G. Aganbegyan ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Total Mortality ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
The Other ◽  
Golden Mean ◽  
The People ◽  
Near Term ◽  
The Way

How is it that in Russia, unlike in other countries, during the coronavirus pandemic the total mortality increased by a record amount and the income and consumption of the population decreased to the greatest extent? The point is that the crisis, caused by the coronavirus pandemic, is completely different from previous ones. It highlights the dilemma: should we use forces and means to prevent an economic recession with lower costs for anti-crisis measures, or focus on saving people's lives while minimizing additional mortality and maintaining real incomes of the population? Each country, depending on objectives, prevailing conditions and opportunities, chooses its “golden mean”. In many cases such choice is not fully conscious, since it's not possible to forecast with any certainty even over the near term. Decisions have to be taken up along the way, based on the situation and assessing the probability of certain events, including in view of the other countries' experience in combating the pandemic

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