Performance of New Muchamiel Tomato Lines with Virus Resistance Genes Grafted onto Two Commercial Rootstocks

Tomato landraces are regaining interest in Spain because their great fruit quality and value in popular gastronomy. Muchamiel is a traditional tomato variety grown in SE Spain that has been recently improved by the CIAGRO-UMH Tomato Breeding Group, resulting in several lines and hybrids with genetic resistances to virus and most of the original Muchamiel genome. In the current study, two hybrids and one pure line from CIAGRO-UMH and a commercial Muchamiel were grown under conventional conditions to evaluate three different grafting treatments: non-grafting and grafting onto the commercial Beaufort and Maxifort rootstocks. The yield parameters and fruit quality were assessed, and a sensory analysis was performed to evaluate the behavior of every scion/rootstock combination. Overall, significantly worse yield and fruit number in Maxifort-grafted plants were reported; as well as a slight reductions in SSC, fructose, and sucrose; and significant effects on few sensory traits. Instead, Beaufort-grafted plants showed no reduced yield, whereas no differences were reported between grafting treatments in fruit weight, TA, and acid profile, as well as in most of flavor and texture sensory parameters. These results suggest that Muchamiel/Beaufort combination could be suitable under unfavorable conditions, while Maxifort do not seem to provide agronomic nor quality benefits.

Possibilities for integrated control of the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera Hübner, 1808) in the growing tomato in greenhouses

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera Hb., 1808) due to changing climatic conditions, the covert life cycle of caterpillars and the formation of resistance in the populations to some of the commonly used insecticides. Experiments with tomato variety Pink Rock F1 grown in greenhouses to determine the biological activity of some products for plant protection against cotton bollworm were conducted at the “Maritsa” Vegetable Crops Research Institute – Plovdiv. The bioproducts Rapax, Dipel 2X, Helicovex, Neem Azal T/S and Sineis 480 SC have good effectiveness >77% towards cotton bollworm in the interval 7-14 days after treatment. The tested insecticides Lanate 25 WP, Coragen 20 SC 200 ml/ha, Exalt 25 SC, Voliam Targo 063 SC, Ampligo 150 ZC and Affirm 095 SG show very good biological activity (E>84%) 7-14 days after treatment.

Design and Performance Evaluation of a Cherry Tomato Calyx Remover

A prototype for the remover of cherry tomato calyxes was designed and manufactured. The tap remover was designed and manufactured considering the conveyor transport speed, brush length and clearance, and diameter. These were adjusted in three levels to determine the optimal design factor. Performance tests were conducted using Icon 513, a circular-shaped cherry tomato variety, and Minimaru, a jujube-shaped cherry tomato variety. Conveyor transport speeds were set at 210, 280, and 350 mm/s; brush lengths at 70, 80, and 90 mm; brush clearances at 20, 22, and 24 mm; and brush diameters at 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 mm. The two varieties showed a similar damage rate during calyx removal. However, Minimaru showed a higher calyx removal rate than Icon 513, indicating that it is most suitable for the calyx removal mechanization process.

Terpenoids: Lycopene in Tomatoes

Terpenoids are compounds that only contain carbon and hydrogen, or carbon, hydrogen and oxygen that are aromatic, some terpenoids contain carbon atoms whose number is a multiple of five called isoprene units. There are many terpenoids in tomatoes, one of which is a tretrapenoid. A type of tetrapenoid, the carotenoids. Lycopene is a terpenoid found in tomatoes. Lycopene is the most carotenoid group in tomatoes. Lycopene plays a very important role in maintaining human health, including its role in the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and others. The lycopene content in tomatoes depends on genetic factors, in this case the tomato variety, the environment where the tomatoes grow and the fruit storage environment, and the age of the tomatoes. The genetic factor of tomato fruit that greatly affects lycopene content in tomatoes is the color of the fruit. Color is generally an accurate indicator of lycopene content, with yellow cultivars containing less lycopene than red cultivars, and two out of three red cultivars contain more than orange cultivars. Shade tomato plants can increase the lycopene content in tomatoes. Aside from the lack of light in the tomato plant environment, the humidity and air temperature around the tomato plants also greatly affect the lycopene content in the fruit.

Impact of Peels Extracts from an Italian Ancient Tomato Variety Grown under Drought Stress Conditions on Vascular Related Dysfunction

Background: Tomato by-products contain a great variety of biologically active substances and represent a significant source of natural antioxidant supplements of the human diet. The aim of the work was to compare the antioxidant properties of a by-product from an ancient Tuscan tomato variety, Rosso di Pitigliano (RED), obtained by growing plants in normal conditions (-Ctr) or in drought stress conditions (-Ds) for their beneficial effects on vascular related dysfunction. Methods: The antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content (TPC) were measured. The identification of bioactive compounds of tomato peel was performed by HPLC. HUVEC were pre-treated with different TPC of RED-Ctr or RED-Ds, then stressed with H2O2. Cell viability, ROS production and CAT, SOD and GPx activities were evaluated. Permeation of antioxidant molecules contained in RED across excised rat intestine was also studied. Results: RED-Ds tomato peel extract possessed higher TPC than compared to RED-Ctr (361.32 ± 7.204 mg vs. 152.46 ± 1.568 mg GAE/100 g fresh weight). All extracts were non-cytotoxic. Two hour pre-treatment with 5 µg GAE/mL from RED-Ctr or RED-Ds showed protection from H2O2-induced oxidative stress and significantly reduced ROS production raising SOD and CAT activity (* p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.005 vs. H2O2, respectively). The permeation of antioxidant molecules contained in RED-Ctr or RED-Ds across excised rat intestine was high with non-significant difference between the two RED types (41.9 ± 9.6% vs. 26.6 ± 7.8%). Conclusions: RED-Ds tomato peel extract represents a good source of bioactive molecules, which protects HUVECs from oxidative stress at low concentration.

Seedling Emergence Comparison of Several Romanian Tomato and Pepper Varieties

Nowadays people are turning to sustainable/ecological agriculture. Romanian local varieties with valuable traits can be used to develop novel organic varieties. Nine Romanian tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and seven pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) varieties were compared during seedling emergence in growth chamber and greenhouse conditions. The aim of this study was to observe the variation of several emergence indicators among the varieties of the same species under the same growing conditions, differences that can be correlated with genotype variation in further genotyping research, with the final goal of using these results as a basis for genotype-assisted breeding programs. The present survey demonstrated significant differences in the emergence indicators among the varieties studied, both in the growth chamber and in the greenhouse growing conditions. Ștefănești 24 tomato variety stood out with the longest mean emergence time, mean emergence rate, synchrony and highest uncertainty of emergence, whereas Vladimir pepper variety had the lowest values for percentage of emergence, homogeneity and uncertainty of emergence.

Main Phenotypic and Biochemical Characteristics Recorded at the New ‘Andrada’ Tomato Variety Obtained at Vegetable Research and Development Station Buzău

The Breeding and Biodiversity Laboratory within the Vegetable Research and Development Station Buzău with 11 tomato varieties listed in the Official Catalogue of Cultivated Crops in Romania and a valuable resource of Solanum lycopersicum germplasm composed of over 2,000 genotypes, focused its research to obtain tomato varieties for precise use: fresh consumption and industrialization. Starting from a valuable traditional variety (‘Inimă de bou’ – ‘Ox Heart’), the aim was to obtain a new, improved variety of tomato for consumption of fresh fruits, with large, juicy fruits highly appreciated on local market. Research resulted in the approval and patenting of the ‘Andrada’ tomato variety with distinct genotypic and phenotypic characteristics.

THE RESPONSIVENESS OF TOMATO CULTIVAR «SPOCK» ON THE USE OF BIOLOGICAL AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS

The results of studying the influence of various biological and mineral fertilizers (Phytop 8.1, Phytop 8.67, AFG) on the yield and quality of fruits of the indeterminate Spock tomato variety are presented. During the study, phenological and morphological observations, accounting and evaluation of the quality of the obtained fruits, and analysis of the chemical composition of the fruits were carried out. The obtained data confirmed the positive impact of the use of biological preparations and nitrogen-containing fertilizers on the structure and quality of the resulting tomato crop, which will allow us to recommend methods and norms for applying fertilizer during the growing season.

Some results of grafting method for mini tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum. Mill) varieties

We put the this study compared to grafting method and particular method , we have taken 4 tomato varieties from Korea as a scion and an introduced tomato variety, Vishnevidnii from Russia as a rootstock. The growth period was from germination stage to fruiting was 164-169 days for grafted varieties Vishniividnii+ KT Orange, Vishnevidnii+Seminis-SV7160TC, Vishnevidnii+TY Candy were occurred 3 days earlier than other Mongolian soil and climate condition. Average yield of the grafted tomato varieties per square meter was for Visniividnii+ KT Orange (4.4 кg), Vishiividnii +Seminis-SV7160TC (6.4 кg), Vishniividnii+Galaxy (8.7 кg), Vishniividnii+TY Candy(9.0 кg), Vishniividnii+TY 777 (8.9 кg) and the higher by 10-56% compared to particular growing method some varieties for KT Orange(3.6 кg),Seminis-SV7160TC (5.0 кg), Galaxy (6.0 кg),TY Candy (4.8 кg),TY 777 (5.3 кg), Vishniividnii (5.7 кg). Жижиг жимст лоолийн (Lycopersicon Esculentum. Mill) сортуудыг залгалтын (Grafting method) аргаар ургуулсан дүнгээс Монгол орны хөрс, цаг уурын нөхцөлд дасан зохицох жижиг жимстэй лоолийн 4 шинэ сортыг залгалтын аргаар ургуулахдаа Вишнийвидный сорт дээр залгасан үр дүнг харьцуулан судлах зорилгоор энэхүү судалгааг явуулсан. Судалгааны үр дүнг авч үзвэл ургалтын нийт хоног залгалтын аргаар ургуулсан Вишнийвидный+ KT Orange, Вишнийвидный +Seminis-SV7160TC, Вишнийвидный+TY Candy сортуудад 164-169 хоногт тохиосон бол бусад сортуудад 3 хоногоор оройтож байлаа. Лоолийн ургамлын 1 м2-ын ургацын хэмжээгээр залгалтын аргаар ургуулсан Вишнийвидный+ KT Orange(4.4 кг), Вишнийвидный +Seminis-SV7160TC(6.4 кг), Вишнийвидный+Galaxy(8.7 кг), Вишнийвидный+TY Candy(9.0 кг), Вишнийвидный +TY 777(8.9 кг) байсан бол ердийн аргын хяналтууд болох KT Orange(3.6 кг),Seminis-SV7160TC(5.0 кг), Galaxy(6.0 кг),TY Candy(4.8 кг),TY 777(5.3 кг), Вишнийвидный(5.7 кг) байсан. Эндээс харахад шинэ технологийн арга болох залгалтын аргыг ашиглахад сорт тус бүр дээр 0,8-4.2 кг\м2-аар ахиу буюу 10-56%-ийн нэмүү ургацтай байсан. Түлхүүр үг: Залгаадас, залгуурга, дээд иш, доод иш

Introducing Seed Material Selection Method for the Increase of Tomato Seed Yield and Quality

The aim of the research was to identify the most efficient cluster level and crop harvesting period (day) for tomato seed production, as well as to find out which seed breeding options will ensure higher quality indicators. The study objects were mid-early ripening tomato variety “Anahit 351” and mid-ripening varieties “Lia” and “Eraz”. Experimental results showed that tomato seeds taken from the fruit of second cluster after 10 days of ripening have provided highest seed weight, high germinability and germination energy meanwhile ensuring high productivity.