scholarly journals Neolema ogloblini exploring a new option for the control of tradescantia (Tradescantia fluminensis)

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
S.D. Jackman ◽  
P.G. Peterson ◽  
A.W. Robertson ◽  
C. Van_Koten
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Warm Temperate Forest ◽  
Tradescantia Fluminensis ◽  
Environmental Weed

The leaf beetle Neolema ogloblini was released in 2011 as a biological control agent for Tradescantia fluminensis a major warm temperate forest environmental weed in New Zealand To assess whether N ogloblini can suppress T fluminensis and improve native seedling growth and survival a glasshouse experiment was established Kawakawa (Macropiper excelsum) and mahoe (Melicytus ramiflorus) seedlings were planted underneath uncontrolled T fluminensis and compared with seedlings (1) under T fluminensis damaged by N ogloblini (2) under T fluminensis sprayed with herbicide (triclopyr) and (3) released from competition by manually removing T fluminensis Seedlings did not grow faster in response to reduced T fluminensis biomass and increased light levels following feeding by N ogloblini over the 12 week experiment However seedling survival rates were higher (kawakawa 87 and mahoe 93) with N ogloblini feeding than herbicidetreatment (kawakawa 17 and mahoe 3) T fluminensis Survival in uncontrolled T fluminensis (kawakawa 90 and mahoe 57) varied for the two species This experiment suggests that regeneration of native plants may benefit from damage to T fluminensis caused by N ogloblini feeding in the field

scholarly journals Neolema ogloblini exploring a new option for the control of tradescantia (Tradescantia fluminensis)

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 330-330
Author(s):  
S.D. Jackman ◽  
P.G. Peterson ◽  
A.W. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tradescantia Fluminensis

The tradescantia leaf beetle (Neolema ogloblini) was released in 2011 as a biological control agent for tradescantia (Tradescantia fluminensis) one of New Zealands worst environmental weeds Tradescantia prevents native forest regeneration by growing over and shading out native seedlings at ground level To assess N ogloblinis effectiveness a glasshouse experiment compared ground level light readings before and after beetle feeding and the response of two native seedlings kawakawa (Macropiper excelsum) and mahoe (Melicytus ramiflorus) Feeding damage caused light readings to increase above 5 of fulllight the threshold estimated as necessary for regeneration of native plants by previous research This resulted in a significant increase in kawakawa seedling height and leaf length This study suggests that native forest regeneration may benefit from feeding damage to tradescantia caused by N ogloblini in the field

scholarly journals Genome assemblies of three closely related leaf beetle species (Galerucella spp)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuyue Yang ◽  
Tanja Slotte ◽  
Jacques Dainat ◽  
Peter A Hambäck
Keyword(s):  
Population Genomics ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genome Assemblies ◽  
Evolutionary Comparisons ◽  
Future Population

Abstract Galerucella (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a leaf beetle genus that has been extensively used for ecological and evolutionary studies. It has also been used as biological control agent against invading purple loosestrife in North America, with large effects on biodiversity. Here we report genome assembly and annotation of three closely related Galerucella species: G. calmariensis, G. pusilla and G. tenella. The three assemblies have a genome size ranging from 460 Mbp to 588 Mbp, with N50 from 31,588 kbp to 79.674 kbp, containing 29,202 to 40,929 scaffolds. Using an ab initio evidence-driven approach, 30,302 to 33,794 protein-coding genes were identified and functionally annotated. These draft genomes will contribute to the understanding of host-parasitoid interactions, evolutionary comparisons of leaf beetle species and future population genomics studies.

Redescription of Mitodiplosis graminis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a gall midge inhibiting the flowering of pyp grass Ehrharta villosa (Poaceae) in South Africa

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4614 (1) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
PETER KOLESIK ◽  
ALAN R. WOOD
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Environmental Weed ◽  
First Time

Mitodiplosis graminis Kieffer, the only species of the genus Mitodiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), was described in 1914 as the causative agent of an unspecified gall on pyp grass Ehrharta villosa (Poaceae) in South Africa. The type specimens are presumed lost. We reared all developmental stages of the gall midge, redescribe here the male and female, and describe for the first time the gall, egg, larva and the pupa. Diagnosis of the genus Mitodiplosis is extended. The gall is a large thickening of the stem that becomes malformed and does not produce flowers. Pyp grass is an environmental weed in Australia and New Zealand and M. graminis can potentially be used as a biological control agent. With a wing length of over 6 mm in some specimens, M. graminis is one of the largest species of Cecidomyiidae. 

scholarly journals Erratum to: Assessment of potential non-target effects of Tetrastichus julis, a biological control agent of the cereal leaf beetle, Oulema melanopus

BioControl ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-413
Author(s):  
Vincent A. D. Hervet ◽  
Héctor A. Cárcamo ◽  
Lloyd M. Dosdall ◽  
Terry D. Miller ◽  
Swaroop V. Kher
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Cereal Leaf Beetle ◽  
Oulema Melanopus ◽  
Target Effects

Epiphytic growth and survival of Tilletiopsis pallescens, a potential biological control agent of Sphaerotheca fuliginea, on cucumber leawes

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 892-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Urquhart ◽  
Z. K. Punja
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Liquid Paraffin ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Sphaerotheca Fuliginea ◽  
Growth And Survival

The influence of low (70%) and high (90%) relative humidity on epiphytic growth, development, and survival of Tilletiopsis pallescens, a ballistospore-forming yeast-like fungus, on cucumber leaves was investigated. In addition, survival of the fungus in the presence or absence of powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) colonies was determined. Growth and development were visualized by scanning electron microscopy of the leaf surface, and survival was quantified as colony-forming units recovered on a semiselective medium. Development of T. pallescens from blastospores that were applied to healthy leaves at 70% relative humidity was limited to small colonies that grew adjacent to leaf veins 7 days after application. At 90% relative humidity, extensive hyphal networks had developed within 3 days of blastospore germination, and ballistospores were produced within 7 days. Growth and sporulation of T. pallescens were most extensive at the base and on the surface of leaf trichomas. In the presence of S. fuliginea, T. pallescens mycelium developed adjacent to hyphae and conidiophores of the pathogen within 3 days at both 70 and 90% relative humidity. However, at 90% relative humidity, growth of T. pallescens was more extensive and ballistospores were produced within 5 days, and there was visible collapse of mildew hyphae. There was no evidence of penetration of the leaf or mildew hyphae by T. pallescens. Survival of T. pallescens was significantly (P = 0.05) increased at 1 and 5 days postapplication at 70% relative humidity when blastospores were amended with 1% (v/v) canola oil – lecithin. Survival at 90% relative humidity was also significantly increased with canola oil – lecithin and by the presence of S. fuliginea. The addition of liquid paraffin – lecithin or liquid paraffin – Tween had no effect on survival when compared to the control. The results from this study indicate that growth and survival of T. pallescens are enhanced by high relative humidity and by the presence of powdery mildew, and canola oil – lecithin amendment improved survival on the leaf surface at reduced ambient humidity. Key words: antagonism, biological control, powdery mildew, yeast.

The influence of litter and humus accumulations and canopy openness on Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr. and Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. seedlings growing on logs

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1475-1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Harmon
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Lower Survival ◽  
Tree Canopy Cover ◽  
Humus Accumulation

The influence of litter and humus accumulations on the surface of logs and canopy openness upon growth and survival of Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr. and Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. seedlings was tested experimentally at Cascade Head Experimental Forest, near Otis, Oregon. This was done by adding litter and humus to the surface of freshly fallen logs. Survival rates of both species increased asymptotically as litter accumulations on logs increased. Mean maximum survival was 58% for Picea and 34% for Tsuga. Picea seedling survival peaked when tree canopy cover ranged from 70 to 80% with lower survival at either higher or lower values. Tsuga survival was highest under closed canopies. Seedling growth increased as litter–humus accumulation and canopy openness increased.

Action of Metarhizium brunneum (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) Against Organophosphate- and Pyrethroid-Resistant Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and the Synergistic Effects of Phenylthiourea

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Prado ◽  
Pãmella A Macedo-Salles ◽  
Rodrigo C Duprat ◽  
Andrea R S Baptista ◽  
Denise Feder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Metarhizium Brunneum

Abstract Dengue, yellow fever, Zika, and chikungunya arboviruses are endemic in tropical countries and are transmitted by Aedes aegypti. Resistant populations of this mosquito against chemical insecticides are spreading worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the biological effects of exposure of pesticide-sensitive Ae. aegypti larvae (Rockefeller) to conidia of the entomopathogen, Metarhizium brunneum, laboratory strains ARSEF 4556 and V275, and any synergistic activity of phenylthiourea (PTU). In addition, to investigate the nature of any cross-resistance mechanisms, these M. brunneum strains were tested against the Rockefeller larvae and two temephos- and deltamethrin-resistant wild mosquito populations from Rio de Janeiro. Treatment of Rockefeller larvae with 106 conidia/ml of ARSEF 4556 and V275 fungal strains resulted in significant decreased survival rates to 40 and 53.33%, respectively (P < 0.0001), compared with untreated controls. In contrast, exposure to 104 or 105 conidia/ml showed no such significant survival differences. However, the addition of PTU to the conidia in the bioassays significantly increased mortalities in all groups and induced a molt block. Experiments also showed no differences in Ae. aegypti mortalities between the fungal treated, wild pesticide-resistant populations and the Rockefeller sensitive strain. The results show the efficacy of M. brunneum in controlling Ae. aegypti larvae and the synergistic role of PTU in this process. Importantly, there was no indication of any cross-resistance mechanisms between Ae. aegypti sensitive or resistant to pesticides following treatment with the fungi. These results further support using M. brunneum as an alternative biological control agent against mosquito populations resistant to chemical insecticides.

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