Location of overseas botanic gardens with New Zealand Myrtaceae in relation to myrtle rust occurence

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 356 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Virginia Marroni ◽  
Kirsty Boyd-Wilson ◽  
Rebecca E. Campbell ◽  
Mark R. McNeill ◽  
David A.J. Teulon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Sentinel Network ◽  
Myrtle Rust ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Potential Impact

New Zealand’s productive systems and natural ecosystems depend on a robust biosecurity framework to exclude invasive pests, diseases and weeds. Risk assessment is an important component of this biosecurity framework identifying potential threats posed by invasive organisms to specific plants and plant systems before they arrive in New Zealand. A major challenge in risk assessment is determining the potential impact of a pest or disease when it is not present in New Zealand. The International Plant Sentinel Network (IPSN), a network of botanic gardens and arboreta, aims to provide early warning of new and emerging tree and plant pests and diseases. The utility of the IPSN in providing information on the potential impact of myrtle rust for New Zealand’s indigenous Myrtaceae. Botanic gardens were identified around the world with New Zealand Myrtaceae and where myrtle rust is present. This is a first step in an ex-post study on the use of sentinel or expatriate plants as a biosecurity risk-assessment tool. The approach could be extended to other plant pathogens or pests to explore their impact on New Zealand indigenous or cultivated plant species overseas.

scholarly journals New Zealand indigenous Myrtaceae in foreign botanic gardens: testing the sentinel plant concept for biosecurity risk assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kirsty S.H. Boyd-Wilson ◽  
M. Virginia Marroni ◽  
Mark R. McNeill ◽  
David A.J. Teulon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
Myrtle Rust ◽  
Potential Pest ◽  
Austropuccinia Psidii ◽  
Plant Biosecurity

The use of sentinel or expatriate plants is a growing concept for risk assessment in plant biosecurity. This approach involves ascertaining the presence and impact of pests and pathogens on plants foreign to a given location but planted in international botanic gardens or arboreta. The data obtained provide information on the potential pest status of these pests and pathogens, as invasive alien species (IAS), to plant species in their native or indigenous range. Assessment of the biosecurity threat from IAS for indigenous plants not found within the geographic distribution of these pests and pathogens is challenging, however, as they may be relatively taxonomically distinct from plants found in the distribution of the IAS and can be in different climates and environments. We examine the sentinel/expatriate concept in relation to risk assessment for myrtle rust (Austropuccinia psidii) on New Zealand Myrtaceae on these plants found in botanic gardens and arboreta outside New Zealand. Between September 2017 and September 2018, we identified and then contacted 65 botanic gardens or arboreta that putatively had New Zealand Myrtaceae and were within the known distribution of myrtle rust. We asked for information on the presence of New Zealand Myrtaceae species in their collections and whether these plants were infected by myrtle rust. Sixteen gardens/arboreta responded; most were in Australia or the United States. Only one of these gardens provided information that was useful for biosecurity risk assessment for myrtle rust on New Zealand Myrtaceae. The results are discussed in the context of plant biosecurity risk assessment and the broader sentinel/expatriate plant concept.

scholarly journals Will You Run? The Development of a Risk Assessment Tool to Predict Absconding from Secure Youth Justice Residences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jesse Wood
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment Tool ◽  
Youth Justice ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Staff Members

<p>Absconding, or escaping, from usually state-based custody is a growing problem in different settings across the world, including New Zealand’s secure youth justice residences. This thesis provides an in-depth review of absconding from Oranga Tamariki’s secure youth justice residences in New Zealand, providing important insight that will be useful in preventing absconding in the future. A review of the international and New Zealand absconding literature was conducted looking at the risk and protective factors associated with absconding risk. From this, a coding framework of absconding related factors was developed, and then applied to historic absconding incident reports and interviews with Oranga Tamariki staff members. These were analysed to confirm potential absconding risk or protective factors and identify any new factors. Results fell into four key categories: individual (e.g. previous absconding history), relational (e.g. avoidance goals), contextual risk factors (e.g. significant life stressors), and protective factors (e.g. positive staff relationships). Several implications and conclusions were drawn from the findings. Absconding factors identified in international research were also present in the current research adding weight to these as potential risk and protective factors in a New Zealand context (Martin et al., 2018; Powers et al., 2018; Pyrooz, 2012). Novel absconding related factors were identified which were not found in the extant literature, such as planning indications, ringleaders, and hope. The reasons young people abscond are complex and individual, however, they abscond for reasons that make sense—often as a coping strategy—and thus are identifiable. By identifying these underlying reasons, it is possible to intervene and reduce their absconding motivations. A preliminary risk assessment tool aimed at doing this, was created for Oranga Tamariki use, incorporating factors drawn from the current research and the wider literature.</p>

scholarly journals Will You Run? The Development of a Risk Assessment Tool to Predict Absconding from Secure Youth Justice Residences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jesse Wood
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment Tool ◽  
Youth Justice ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Staff Members

<p>Absconding, or escaping, from usually state-based custody is a growing problem in different settings across the world, including New Zealand’s secure youth justice residences. This thesis provides an in-depth review of absconding from Oranga Tamariki’s secure youth justice residences in New Zealand, providing important insight that will be useful in preventing absconding in the future. A review of the international and New Zealand absconding literature was conducted looking at the risk and protective factors associated with absconding risk. From this, a coding framework of absconding related factors was developed, and then applied to historic absconding incident reports and interviews with Oranga Tamariki staff members. These were analysed to confirm potential absconding risk or protective factors and identify any new factors. Results fell into four key categories: individual (e.g. previous absconding history), relational (e.g. avoidance goals), contextual risk factors (e.g. significant life stressors), and protective factors (e.g. positive staff relationships). Several implications and conclusions were drawn from the findings. Absconding factors identified in international research were also present in the current research adding weight to these as potential risk and protective factors in a New Zealand context (Martin et al., 2018; Powers et al., 2018; Pyrooz, 2012). Novel absconding related factors were identified which were not found in the extant literature, such as planning indications, ringleaders, and hope. The reasons young people abscond are complex and individual, however, they abscond for reasons that make sense—often as a coping strategy—and thus are identifiable. By identifying these underlying reasons, it is possible to intervene and reduce their absconding motivations. A preliminary risk assessment tool aimed at doing this, was created for Oranga Tamariki use, incorporating factors drawn from the current research and the wider literature.</p>

scholarly journals Assessing women’s risk of recidivism: An investigation into the predictive validity of the Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-entry (DRAOR) with matched samples of community-sentenced women and men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jessica Scanlan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Risk Assessment Tool ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
Dynamic Risk Assessment ◽  
Matched Samples

<p>Although men and women share risk factors for offending, some scholars claim these factors operate differentially by gender and that certain proposed women-specific risk factors are neglected in the existing gender-neutral risk assessment tools. The present research evaluated one such gender-neutral risk assessment tool used by New Zealand Department of Corrections: The Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-entry (DRAOR; Serin, 2007; Serin, Mailloux, & Wilson, 2012). The research was comparative and examined the predictive validity of the DRAOR for breaches of sentence and criminal reconvictions in matched samples of New Zealand women and men who had served community supervision sentences. Cox regression and AUC analyses showed the initial DRAOR had mixed predictive validity and the proximal DRAOR comparative predictive validity across gender. Additionally, the proximal DRAOR assessment consistently outperformed the initial DRAOR in the prediction of reconvictions for both women and men. Further, offenders made significant change on the DRAOR between two assessment points and overall the change made on the DRAOR was significantly related to reconvictions for women and men. For both samples, the RoC*RoI did not predict breach reconvictions; however, the proximal DRAOR TS provided incremental predictive validity above the RoC*RoI for criminal reconvictions. To conclude, the research supports the continued use of the DRAOR as a risk prediction tool with community-sentenced women and men and thus supports gender neutrality. Further, the research supports the dynamic nature of the DRAOR and highlighted the importance of updating dynamic risk assessments. Additionally, the research recommends that change made on a dynamic risk assessment tool over time be considered useful for predictive purposes for women and men alike.</p>

scholarly journals Risky Business: Evaluating the Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-entry for Use with New Zealand Youth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jonathan Muirhead
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Community Supervision ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Dynamic Risk Assessment ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Criminal Conduct ◽  
Risky Business ◽  
Risk Scale

<p>An important assumption that decisions based on criminal risk assessments rely on is that our assessments of someone’s likelihood of reoffending are accurate. It is well known that young people share many risk factors for criminal conduct with adults, but there is also research to suggest that some factors may be more important at different ages. This research examined how well an adult dynamic risk assessment tool, The Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-entry (DRAOR), was able to predict any new criminal conviction as well as any new violent conviction in a sample of New Zealand youth (17-19 years) serving community supervision sentences. It was found that DRAOR scores were moderately strong predictors of future criminal conduct for youth, with better results being found for any reconvictions compared to violent reconvictions. The more recent an assessment was, the more accurate it was too. It was also found that those who did not go on to be reconvicted showed greater improvements on the risk scale throughout the course of their sentence than those who were reconvicted. These findings support the continued use of the DRAOR for youth in New Zealand who are serving community supervision sentences.</p>

scholarly journals Brown marmorated stink bug current or planned research to prevent its establishment and to reduce its impact in New Zealand

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 323-323
Author(s):  
D.A.J. Teulon ◽  
T.C. Leskey ◽  
C. Duthie
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Keynote Presentation ◽  
Plant Pest ◽  
Ornamental Crops ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Management Diagnostics

Brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB; Halyomorpha halys) originates from Asia and is currently spreading rapidly throughout the world but is not yet recorded in the southern hemisphere BMSB has a wide host range and in some regions it has become a major nuisance and a plant pest of significant economic importance for some fruit vegetable and ornamental crops Since 2014 raised awareness of BMSBs potential destructive impact in New Zealand and increasing border interceptions have led to a greater focus on research required to prevent its establishment and to reduce its potential impact Key contributions in developing BMSB research priorities and activities for New Zealand have come from several sources including an MPI Risk Assessment (2012) a keynote presentation at the 2014 B3 Conference several Ministry for Primary Industry/Department of Conservation/industry/researcher workshops methodical engagement of international BMSB experts and a crossMPI preparedness project Research has been initiated or is planned across the biosecurity spectrum to answer key questions about risk assessment pathway risk management diagnostics surveillance and eradication

scholarly journals Assessing women’s risk of recidivism: An investigation into the predictive validity of the Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-entry (DRAOR) with matched samples of community-sentenced women and men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jessica Scanlan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Risk Assessment Tool ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
Dynamic Risk Assessment ◽  
Matched Samples

<p>Although men and women share risk factors for offending, some scholars claim these factors operate differentially by gender and that certain proposed women-specific risk factors are neglected in the existing gender-neutral risk assessment tools. The present research evaluated one such gender-neutral risk assessment tool used by New Zealand Department of Corrections: The Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-entry (DRAOR; Serin, 2007; Serin, Mailloux, & Wilson, 2012). The research was comparative and examined the predictive validity of the DRAOR for breaches of sentence and criminal reconvictions in matched samples of New Zealand women and men who had served community supervision sentences. Cox regression and AUC analyses showed the initial DRAOR had mixed predictive validity and the proximal DRAOR comparative predictive validity across gender. Additionally, the proximal DRAOR assessment consistently outperformed the initial DRAOR in the prediction of reconvictions for both women and men. Further, offenders made significant change on the DRAOR between two assessment points and overall the change made on the DRAOR was significantly related to reconvictions for women and men. For both samples, the RoC*RoI did not predict breach reconvictions; however, the proximal DRAOR TS provided incremental predictive validity above the RoC*RoI for criminal reconvictions. To conclude, the research supports the continued use of the DRAOR as a risk prediction tool with community-sentenced women and men and thus supports gender neutrality. Further, the research supports the dynamic nature of the DRAOR and highlighted the importance of updating dynamic risk assessments. Additionally, the research recommends that change made on a dynamic risk assessment tool over time be considered useful for predictive purposes for women and men alike.</p>

scholarly journals Impact of Puccinia psidii on M257;ori taonga plant species

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 324-324
Author(s):  
T.T. Alipia ◽  
D.A.J. Teulon ◽  
M.G. Cromey ◽  
A.T. Marsh ◽  
S.L.H. Viljanen-Rollinson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
South America ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Plant Family ◽  
Puccinia Psidii ◽  
Myrtle Rust ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Impact

Myrtle rust caused by the pathogen Puccinia psidii sensu lato is a disease of species in the plant family Myrtaceae that is not found in New Zealand It originates in South America but it has steadily spread around the world and is now found in Australia and New Caledonia While the potential economic and environmental impact of myrtle rust establishment in New Zealand has been well documented the potential sociocultural consequences including those for M257;ori have not All New Zealand Myrtaceae species including indigenous species are at risk from P psidii infection but the potential impact on their health is not known All indigenous Myrtaceae species can be considered as Taonga (or treasure) by M257;ori who have utilised the properties (eg spiritual medicinal construction tools food) of some species in many ways both tangible and intangible Optimally preparedness and response plans for a myrtle rust incursion in New Zealand should consider the unique spiritual and other values that M257;ori associate with these plants

scholarly journals Risky Business: Evaluating the Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-entry for Use with New Zealand Youth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jonathan Muirhead
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Community Supervision ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Dynamic Risk Assessment ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Criminal Conduct ◽  
Risky Business ◽  
Risk Scale

<p>An important assumption that decisions based on criminal risk assessments rely on is that our assessments of someone’s likelihood of reoffending are accurate. It is well known that young people share many risk factors for criminal conduct with adults, but there is also research to suggest that some factors may be more important at different ages. This research examined how well an adult dynamic risk assessment tool, The Dynamic Risk Assessment for Offender Re-entry (DRAOR), was able to predict any new criminal conviction as well as any new violent conviction in a sample of New Zealand youth (17-19 years) serving community supervision sentences. It was found that DRAOR scores were moderately strong predictors of future criminal conduct for youth, with better results being found for any reconvictions compared to violent reconvictions. The more recent an assessment was, the more accurate it was too. It was also found that those who did not go on to be reconvicted showed greater improvements on the risk scale throughout the course of their sentence than those who were reconvicted. These findings support the continued use of the DRAOR for youth in New Zealand who are serving community supervision sentences.</p>

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