scholarly journals Family Cruciferae Juss. (Brassicaceae Burnett) of SAKHA (Yakutia) Republic

VAVILOVIA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-34
Author(s):  
V. I. Dorofeyev
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Total Species ◽  
Cruciferae Family

The paper offers a new revision of the species composition of the Cruciferae family in Yakutia, which is supplemented by information on the geographical distribution and taxonomic composition. In the present work, the crucifers of Yakutia are represented by 39 genera and 102 species. Among them, there are two endemic species (Boechera falcata (Turcz.) Al-Shehbaz and Smelowskia jacutica (Botsch. et Karav.) Al-Shehbaz et Warwick), and one subendemic (Isatis jacutensis (N. Busch) N. Busch). Traditionally, the genus Draba is the richest in the number of species in the territories reaching into the Arctic. At present, taking the latest processing of the genus by V. V. Petrovsky (Petrovsky, 2018) into account, it numbers 32 species, which amounts to about 1/3 of the total species richness of this family in Yakutia. The paper summarizes the nomenclature changes that have affected a number of representatives of this family in recent years, and proposes new combinations in the genus Boechera (B. pendula (L.) V. I. Dorof. Comb. Nov.) and Thellungiella (T. bursifolia (DC.) V. I. Dorof. Comb. Nov.). An analysis of the diversity of crucifers made it possible to assert that the flora of Yakutia is obviously insufficiently studied in its northwest and northeast reaches, and to suggest that the floristic zoning of Yakutia should be supplemented by outlining three supra-regions, namely the Verkhoyansk (eastern), Vilui (western) and Arctic (northern) supra-regions.

scholarly journals Variations in Total Species Richness and the Unevenness of Species Abundance Distribution between Two Distant Conus Communities (Neogastropoda): A Case Study in Mannar Gulf (India)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Jean Béguinot
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Species Abundance Distribution ◽  
Abundance Distribution ◽  
Marine Gastropods ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Species Recruitment ◽  
Total Species

The genus Conus forms a conspicuous and rather homogeneous group within marine Gastropods. This makes it all the more interesting to focus on the sub-communities formed by Conus species and to analyze the potential specificities in the internal organization of species in these communities, in particular species richness, species abundance distribution and the effect of geographical distance between communities on differences in their respective species composition. Accordingly, two Conus communities along the coast in Mannar Gulf (India), separated by 80 km, are considered. Reliable analysis requires, first, to treat exhaustive data from complete samplings or, else – as here – to implement an appropriate extrapolation procedure to complete numerically the partial samplings. After numerical completion, substantial differences were highlighted between the two communities, not only in terms of true (total) species richness but, even more, as regards the profile and the average unevenness of the distributions of species abundance. Also, significant dissimilarity in species composition was found between the two communities, that may be tentatively attributed to either deterministic distance decay in similarity of species composition or, alternatively, to the persistence in the stochastic process of species recruitment from the regional stock of Conus planktonic larvae. This preliminary study yet requests to be complemented by other similar case studies, before drawing any safer interpretative conclusions.

The Attraction of Amazonian Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) to the Feces of Omnivorous Mammals Is Dependent on Their Diet: Implications for Ecological Monitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1383-1392
Author(s):  
Kleyton R Ferreira ◽  
Anderson Puker ◽  
César M A Correa
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Amazon Rainforest ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Total Species ◽  
Species Composition And Structure

Abstract The immense sampling effort used in ecological research on dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) has required large amounts of human feces to conduct experiments in the field. Thus, the amount of human feces available can be an important limiting factor for research. Therefore, dung from large omnivorous mammals, such as pig, has been used to reduce this limitation. Here, we evaluated how the type of diet can influence the attractiveness of omnivorous-mammal feces to Amazonian dung beetles. We sampled dung beetles in 10 fragments of Amazon rainforest in July 2018 (dry season) and March 2019 (rainy season), using pitfall traps baited with swill pig dung (household waste-based diet), grain pig dung (maize+soybean-based diet), and human feces (control) in Juína, Mato Grosso, Brazil. In all, 2,080 individuals from 51 species of dung beetles were collected. Between the pig dung evaluated, higher total abundance and species richness was captured with grain pig dung. However, the species composition and community structure were similar between pig dung types. Additionally, grain pig dung captured total species richness, species composition, and structure similar to that for human feces. Thus, although grain pig dung did not sample total abundance similar to human feces, this type of dung can be efficient for an accurate survey of the total species richness, species composition, and structure of dung beetles in the Amazon rainforest.

Partial cutting reduces species richness of fungi on woody debris in oak-rich forests

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1807-1816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Nordén ◽  
Frank Götmark ◽  
Martin Ryberg ◽  
Heidi Paltto ◽  
Johan Allmér
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Total Species

Partial cutting is increasingly applied in European temperate oak-dominated forests for biofuel harvesting, and to counteract succession in protected stands. Effects on biodiversity of these measures need to be carefully evaluated, and species-rich but neglected taxa such as fungi should be considered. We studied the effects of partial cutting on fungal fruiting bodies on woody debris. In 21 closed canopy forests rich in large oaks in Sweden, on average 25%–30% of the basal area was cut. Fruiting bodies were counted and some were collected in treated and control plots before and after treatment. We found 334 basidiomycete and 47 ascomycete species. Species richness of basidiomycetes declined significantly more in treated plots (on average 26%) than in control plots (on average 13%) between seasons. Species richness of ascomycetes increased by 17% in control plots and decreased by 2% in treated plots. Total species richness was significantly reduced on fine woody debris (1–10 cm in diameter), but not on coarse woody debris (>10 cm). Overall species composition did not change significantly as a result of partial cutting, but red-listed species tended to decrease more in treated plots. We suggest that approximately 30% of the stands should not be thinned, and dead stems and fallen branches should not be removed, to favor saproxylic fungi and their associated fauna.

scholarly journals Fish species diversity in headwaters streams of Paraguay and Paraná Basins

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1033-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yzel Rondon Súarez ◽  
Sabrina Bigatão Valério ◽  
Karina Keyla Tondado ◽  
Alexandro Cezar Florentino ◽  
Thiago Rota Alves Felipe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Paraná Basin ◽  
Parana Basin ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Total Species ◽  
Fish Species Diversity

The influence of spatial, temporal and environmental factors on fish species diversity in headwater streams in Paraguay and Paraná basins, Brazil was examined. A total of 4,605 individuals were sampled, distributed in 60 species. The sampled streams in Paraná basin presented a larger total species richness (42) than Paraguay streams (40). However the estimated richness was larger in Paraguay basin (53) than Paraná streams (50). The streams of Paraná basin had a greater mean species richness and evenness, while more individuals per sample were found in the Paraguay basin. Difference between the sub-basins were found in the Paraguay basin, while for the basin of Paraná, richness and evenness vary significantly between the sub-basins, but the number of individuals varied seasonally. The most important environmental factors to species diversity and abundance were altitude, water temperature, stream width and stream depth for both the basins.

scholarly journals Increased mosquito abundance and species richness in Connecticut, United States 2001–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya A. Petruff ◽  
Joseph R. McMillan ◽  
John J. Shepard ◽  
Theodore G. Andreadis ◽  
Philip M. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Mosquito Abundance ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Total Species

Abstract Historical declines in multiple insect taxa have been documented across the globe in relation to landscape-level changes in land use and climate. However, declines have either not been universally observed in all regions or examined for all species. Because mosquitoes are insects of public health importance, we analyzed a longitudinal mosquito surveillance data set from Connecticut (CT), United States (U.S.) from 2001 to 2019 to identify changes in mosquito community composition over time. We first analyzed annual site-level collections and metrics of mosquito community composition with generalized linear/additive mixed effects models; we also examined annual species-level collections using the same tools. We then examined correlations between statewide collections and weather variables as well as site-level collections and land cover classifications. We found evidence that the average trap night collection of mosquitoes has increased by ~ 60% and statewide species richness has increased by ~ 10% since 2001. Total species richness was highest in the southern portion of CT, likely due to the northward range expansion of multiple species within the Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, and Psorophora genera. How the expansion of mosquito populations in the northeast U.S. will alter mosquito-borne pathogen transmission in the region will require further investigation.

The Westphalian–Stephanian macrofloral record from the South Wales Coalfield, UK

2007 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER J. CLEAL
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
The South ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Total Species

The South Wales Coalfield has the most complete Westphalian macrofloral record anywhere on the Variscan Foreland or adjacent basins, with 135 biodiversity-meaningful morphospecies having been recognized. All of the standard macrofloral biozones of the Westphalian Stage have been recognized, although a detailed comparison with the Central Pennines Coalfields has indicated some discrepancies in the relative positions of the biozonal boundaries. Total Species Richness progressively increases through the Langsettian Substage, and then remains relatively stable through most of the Duckmantian and Bolsovian substages. There is a distinct reduction in Total Species Richness towards the top of the Bolsovian Substage, but this partially recovers in the middle Asturian Substage with the appearance of a range of marattialean ferns, and medullosalean and callistophytaleans pteridosperms. There is no evidence of any significant drop in Total Species Richness towards the top of the succession, indicating that conditions at this time were relatively stable. The change from coastal floodplain to alluvial braidplain conditions in middle Bolsovian times correlates with a marked increase in the proportion of medullosalean remains being preserved in the adpression record, reflecting an expansion of the clastic-substrate habitats.

Conservation value of koa (Acacia koa) reforestation areas on Hawaii Island

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Laurie Strommer ◽  
Sheila Conant
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Acacia Koa ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Hawaii Island

Efforts to restore forests for ecological and economic benefit in Hawaii are converging on koa (Acacia koa), an endemic dominant or codominant canopy tree common across broad elevation and moisture gradients. We quantified plant species composition and forest structure in koa reforestation areas (KRAs) and in nearby intact native forest on Hawaii Island. Total species richness and percentage native species richness were lower in the plantation forests than in the intact forests, although species richness in the KRAs at one site was not significantly different from that in intact forest. Tree, sapling, and seedling densities differed between KRAs and forest sites at one site. At another, the native forest and one KRA had similar tree and seedling densities and similar canopy height and percentage canopy cover. Total stand basal area was greatest in the intact forest at both sites, although the basal area for the KRAs at one site exceeded those for intact forest at the other. Koa plantings can be structurally similar to intact forests though species composition differs. Our results suggest that koa forestry can facilitate native understorey development in some cases.

scholarly journals Inferring global species richness from megatransect data and undetected species estimates

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard A. Huber ◽  
Anne Chao
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
New Species ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Species Incidence ◽  
Biogeographic Regions ◽  
Global Patterns ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Species

Ratio-like approaches for estimating global species richness have been criticised for their unjustified extrapolation from regional to global patterns. Here we explore the use of cumulative percentages of ‘new’ (i.e., not formally described) species over large geographic areas (‘megatransects’) as a means to overcome this problem. In addition, we take into account undetected species and illustrate these combined methods by applying them to a family of spiders (Pholcidae) that currently contains some 1,700 described species. The raw global cumulative percentage of new species (‘new’ as of the end of 2008, when 1,001 species were formally described) is 75.1%, and is relatively constant across large biogeographic regions. Undetected species are estimated using the Chao2 estimator based on species incidence data (date by species and locality by species matrices). The estimated percentage of new species based on the date by species matrices is 76.0% with an estimated standard error (s.e.) of 2.6%. This leads to an estimated global species richness of about 4,200 with a 95% confidence interval of (3,300, 5,000). The corresponding values based on locality by species matrices are 84.2% (s.e. 3.0%) and 6,300 with a 95% confidence interval of (4,000, 8,600). Our results suggest that the currently known 1,700 species of Pholcidae may represent no more than about 25–40% of the total species richness. The impact of further biasing factors like geography, species size and distribution, cryptic species, and model assumptions needs to be explored.

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