scholarly journals Nomenclatural standards and genetic passports of potato cultivars bred at the Leningrad Research Institute for Agriculture “Belogorka”

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-54
Author(s):  
N. S. Klimenko ◽  
T. A. Gavrilenko ◽  
I. G. Chukhina ◽  
N. M. Gadzhiev ◽  
Z. Z. Evdokimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Code Of Nomenclature ◽  
Organelle Genomes ◽  
Research Institute

In the present paper, the potato cultivars bred at the Leningrad Research Institute for Agriculture “Belogorka”, were taken as an example for demonstrating the results of elaboration of methodological approaches that are currently developed at the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) for the preparing of nomenclatural standards and their genotyping. In 2018, joint research of VIR scientists and breeders from the Leningrad Research Institute for Agriculture “Belogorka” began in the field of preparing nomenclatural standards for potato cultivars bred at this institute. Nomenclatural standards were prepared according to the ‘International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants’. Plant material for herbarium specimens was collected in the experimental field of the “Belogorka” Institute in 2018 by cultivar authors and handed over to the VIR Herbarium of cultivated plants, their wild relatives and weeds (WIR). The plant material included stems with inflorescences and later - tubers of 21 cultivars which were bred at the “Belogorka” Institute. Two precultivars undergoing State variety testing and three breeding clones were also included in this study. Just before herbarium preparation, the obtained plant material was photographed, plant morphological characters described, and the results compared with the description given in such official documents as the “Cultivar Questionnaireˮ and “Description of selection achievementˮ. The nomenclatural standards of 21 cultivars registered in the VIR Herbarium Database and transferred for conservation to the VIR herbarium, are published in this paper. Before herbarium preparation, the plant material was sampled for DNA extraction and subsequent genotyping and molecular screening. The genetic passports include information about the polymorphism of 10 chromosome-specific microsatellite loci, as well as the data on the presence/absence of diagnostic fragments of 12 markers of the 11 R-genes conferring resistance to diseases and pests, and for some cultivars – the information about their cytoplasm type. These genetic passports are valuable not only because different types of DNA markers were used in their preparing (SSR, SCAR and CAPS markers of the R genes; markers specific to different loci of the nuclear and organelle genomes), but first of all because of the material itself, as the DNA samples were isolated from the plants with the assigned status of nomenclatural standard for each particular cultivar. Based on the genetic passports data, trueness to type of the “Belogorka” cultivar samples obtained from various sources was verified.

scholarly journals Nomenclatural standards, voucher specimens and genetic passports of potato cultivars created in the Siberian and Ural breeding centers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Fomina ◽  
O. Yu. Antonova ◽  
I. G. Chukhina ◽  
D. A. Rybakov ◽  
A. D. Safonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Research Centers ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
Research Institute

The present paper discusses methodological approaches to the creation of nomenclatural standards and genetic passports for Russian cultivars, currently being developed at the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) in collaboration with different breeding research centers. Plant material of potato cultivars bred in the Siberian Research Institute of Plant Cultivation and Breeding was collected by the cultivar creator A.D. Safonova in the experimental field of this institute and transferred to the VIR herbarium for preparation of their nomenclatural standards. Plant shoots and tubers of potato cultivars bred in other Siberian research centers in collaboration with the A.G. Lorkh All-Russian Research Institute of Potato Farming (VNIIKH) was collected by the representative of this institute in the experimental field of VNIIKH. As a result of joint research, nomenclatural standards were accomplished for 11 cultivars, namely ‘Аntonina’, ‘Zlatka’, ‘Lina’, ‘Lûbava’, ‘Nakra’, ‘Pamâti Rogačeva’, ‘Sarovskij’, ‘Safo’, ‘Solnečnyj’, ‘Tuleevskij’, ‘Ûna’** bred in five different Siberian breeding institutes including cultivars developed in collaboration with VNIIKH. Nomenclatural standards were prepared according to the ‘International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants’. DNA samples isolated from nomenclatural standards were used for preparation of genetic passports of these 11 cultivars. These genetic passports include information of the polymorphism of eight chromosome-specific microsatellites, data on the markers of 11 R-genes conferring resistance to various harmful organisms, as well as the information about cytoplasm types. Voucher specimens of additional three Siberian cultivars ‘Kemerovčanin’, ‘Kuznečanka’, ‘Tanaj’ and five Ural cultivars ‘Аlâska’, ‘Bravo’, ‘Irbitskij’, ‘Lûks’, ‘Terra’ from the Ural Research Institute for Agriculture were also registered in the VIR herbarium collection. For these eight cultivars, the genetic passports were not issued, but the results of SSR genotyping and molecular screening of voucher specimens performed with the same set of the DNA markers are presented in this report. A similar set of DNA markers was used for genotyping cultivar accessions from the in vitro and field collections of various institutes as well as cultivar specimens from eco-geographical tests performed within the framework of the Comprehensive Research Plan of the subprogram “Development of potato breeding and seed production in the Russian Federation”. The comparison of cultivar genetic passport data with genotyping results of specimens having the same name, but obtained from different sources made it possible to verify this plant material.

scholarly journals Nomenclatural standards and genetic passports of potato cultivars bred in the A.G. Lorkh All-Russian Research Institute of Potato Farming

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. А. Rybakov ◽  
O. Yu. Аntonova ◽  
I. G. Chukhina ◽  
N. А. Fomina ◽  
N. S. Klimenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Molecular Screening ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Code Of Nomenclature ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Russian Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Research Institute

In order to preserve the genetic diversity of cultivars, it is recommended to develop documentation approaches through the registration of cultivar nomenclatural standards in accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. The N.I Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources keeps developing this approach along with the DNA marker technologies: SSR genotyping and molecular screening with DNA markers of genes controlling valuable traits. In 2018, VIR, together with the leading national centre for potato breeding – the A.G. Lorkh All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Potato Farming (now the A.G. Lorkh Russian Potato Research Center), initiated the preparation of nomenclatural standards for potato cultivars bred both at the A.G. Lorkh institute and in co-authorship with other breeding institutions. This paper presents 30 nomenclatural standards which are maintained in the Nomenclature standard fund of the Herbarium of cultivated plants and their wild relatives and weeds (VIR Herbarium, WIR). Also, the paper presents genetic passports of the mentioned 30 cultivars, developed using DNA samples extracted from the plant material of nomenclatural standards. Genetic passports include information about the polymorphism of the 8 chromosome-specific microsatellites and data on the results of molecular screening with 15 markers of 11 genes conferring resistance to the most dangerous pathogens and pests: potato viruses Y and X, late blight and potato cyst nematodes. A comparison of SSR-profiles of nomenclatural standards with those of 66 cultivar samples obtained from various sources made it possible to verify authenticity and homogeneity of the latter.

scholarly journals Nomenclatural standards of apple cultivars developed at Sverdlovsk Horticultural Breeding Station. Part I

2021 ◽  
Vol 182 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
A. V. Shlyavas ◽  
D. D. Telezhinskiy ◽  
L. V. Bagmet
Keyword(s):  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
Code Of Nomenclature ◽  
The World ◽  
Herbarium Collection ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
International Code Of Nomenclature

Researchers of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) and Sverdlovsk Horticultural Breeding Station developed nomenclatural standards for 18 apple cultivars released at the said station: ‘Aksyona’ (WIR-53949), ‘Blagaya Vest’ (WIR-53950), ‘Danila’ (WIR-53952), ‘Isetskoye Pozdneye’ (WIR-53953), ‘Iset Belaya’ (WIR-53954), ‘Krasa Sverdlovska’ (WIR-53955), ‘Papiroyantarnoye’ (WIR-53956), ‘Pervouralskaya’ (WIR-53957), ‘Rodnikovaya’ (WIR-53958), ‘Rumyanka Sverdlovskaya’ (WIR-53959), ‘Sverdlovchanin’ (WIR-53960), ‘Serebryanoye Kopyttse’ (WIR-53961), ‘Sokovoye 3’ (WIR-53962), ‘Tavatuy’ (WIR-53963), ‘Uralets’ (WIR-53964), ‘Fakel’ (WIR-53965), ‘Fermer’ (WIR-53966), and ‘Ekrannoye’ (WIR-53967). Nomenclatural standards serve to confirm the authenticity of a cultivar and its name. They should be kept perpetually in the scientific herbarium collection. Herbarium specimens of nomenclatural standards are formatted in accordance with the recommendations of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP), registered in the VIR Herbarium Database and included in the Herbarium of Cultivated Plants of the World, Their Wild Relatives, and Weeds (WIR).

scholarly journals Nomenclatural standards and genetic passports of potato cultivars bred by the Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture «Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences»

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
N. A. Fomina ◽  
O. Yu. Antonova ◽  
I. G. Chukhina ◽  
E. A. Gimaeva ◽  
Z. Stashevski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Breeding Clone ◽  
Research Institute

Breeding of potato cultivars adapted to the climatic conditions of the Middle Volga region and resistant to various harmful organisms has always been an urgent task for breeders of the Tatarstan Republic. In the present paper, the potato cultivars bred at the Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture – Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, were taken as an example for demonstrating the results of application and elaboration of methodological approaches that are currently developed at the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) for the preparing of nomenclatural standards and their genotyping. At the initiative of the VIR researchers in collaboration with the authors of potato cultivars E.A. Gimaeva and Z. Stashevski plant material was collected and nomenclatural standards for potato cultivars bred at the Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences were prepared. Four nomenclatural standards for Tatarstan potato cultivars (‘Zumba’, ‘Kortni’, ‘Reggi’, ‘Samba’) were prepared in accordance with the provisions of the International Code of Nomenclature For Cultivated Plants, registered in the VIR Herbarium Database, and transferred to the VIR herbarium type collection. Besides, voucher specimens of cv. ‘Tango’ and breeding clone ‘Sal’sa’, which is undergoing the State Variety Test at present, were produced. Genetic passports of Tatarstan varieties (‘Zumba’, ‘Kortni’, ‘Reggi’, ‘Samba’) and one breeding clone (‘Sal’sa’)* were developed using DNA samples from plant material transferred by the authors of the cultivars to the VIR herbarium. The genetic passports include information of the polymorphism of eight chromosome-specific microsatellites, data on the presence/ absence of the diagnostic fragments of 15 markers of the 11 R-genes conferring resistance to various harmful organisms and the information about cytoplasm types. A comparison of the data from genetic passports developed using DNA samples from nomenclatural standard specimens with the results of genotyping of 22 samples of Tatarstan cultivars obtained from different sources (e.g., samples undergoing ecogeographic tests within the framework of the Comprehensive Research Plan of the subprogram “Development of potato breeding and seed production in the Russian Federation”; as well as accessions from the VIR in vitro collection) made it possible to assess the authenticity and uniformity of the studied plant material.

scholarly journals Nomenclature standards and DNA barcoding of apple varieties originated by VIR Crimean Experimental Breeding Station

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
L. V. Bagmet ◽  
I. S. Chepinoga ◽  
A. A. Trifonova ◽  
K. V. Boris ◽  
A. V. Shlyavas
Keyword(s):  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
Code Of Nomenclature ◽  
Standard Collection ◽  
Herbarium Collection ◽  
Genetic Techniques

Current pace of breeding technologies relies on a tighter control of quality and identity of breeding achievements. Thereby, standardised variety nomenclature becomes of particular relevance to store original genetic information and warrant authenticity of the breeding product. A nomenclature standard regulates the variety’s name and habitus. A herbarium specimen is most appropriate for standardisation, since it defines a set of strongly inherited morphological characters for a variety. Nomenclature standards must be permanently stored in a scientific herbarium collection. The N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) in alliance with national plant breeders initiated a first nomenclature standard collection of national-breeding cultivars. Aside to classical herbarising, the collection utilises molecular genetic techniques, particularly genotyping, to enable extended variety verification. The VIR team has developed the nomenclature standards of six apple varieties originated by the Crimean Experimental Breeding Station, a VIR Branch (Beloe Solntse, Zolotoy Potok, Kubanochka, Leto Krasnoe, Luchistoe and Shchedrost). The standards are supplemented with DNA barcodes obtained jointly with the N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics. Fifteen microsatellite markers were used for barcoding. The herbarium nomenclature specimens adhered to the VIR-developed protocol in accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP). The specimens are registered in the VIR Herbarium database and deposited in the World Crop Wild and Weed Relatives (WIR) Herbarium type collection.

scholarly journals SSR analysis of modern Russian potato varieties using DNA samples of nomenclatural standards

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Antonova ◽  
N. S. Klimenko ◽  
D. A. Rybakov ◽  
N. A. Fomina ◽  
V. V. Zheltova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Ssr Analysis ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
High Level ◽  
Modern Russian

The N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) is developing new approaches to documentation of national cultivars, taking into account recommendations of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants in parallel with methods of genetic certification. The nomenclatural standard of a particular cultivar represented by a herbarium specimen can be used as a reference for verifying authenticity and uniformity of cultivar specimens obtained from various sources. The verification requires fast and reliable methods for cultivar genotyping. This paper presents protocols for modified methods of DNA extraction, PCR-analysis and SSR-genotyping, which allow potato cultivars identification without the use of expensive reagent kits. A set of ten chromosome-specific microsatellite markers was used to study polymorphisms in 66 modern Russian potato cultivars, as well as in 11 pre-cultivars and breeding clones, represented by nomenclatural standards and voucher specimens, respectively. This subset of 77 specimens has demonstrated a high level of polymorphism in ten studied microsatellite loci. The SSR analysis identified 73 alleles; 7.3 alleles per locus were observed on average, the number of which varied from 3 (STG0025 locus) to 11 (locus StI046). The PIC values varied from 0.544 (STG0025 locus) to 0.836 (StI046 locus). The alleles, unique for this subset, were found at six studied loci. The high level of polymorphism at the SSR loci made it possible to unambiguously identify almost every cultivar, with the exception of the expected coincidence of microsatellite profiles of two cultivars, which are somaclonal variants. Using an optimized set of eight microsatellite markers, the genetic relationships of modern Russian potato cultivars were studied.

scholarly journals Nomenclatural standards of modern Russian potato cultivars preserved at the VIR herbarium (WIR): A new approach to cultivar genepool registration in a genebank

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-17
Author(s):  
T. A. Gavrilenko ◽  
I. G. Chukhina
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
First Results ◽  
Genetic Technologies

VIR is creating a collection of nomenclature standards for cultivars of different crops in line with the provisions of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP). The nomenclatural standards are designed in the form of a herbarium sample in cooperation with the authors of cultivars, who select plant material for each cultivar in the experimental field of their organization and forward it to the scientific herbarium together with the accompanying documents. Registering of herbarium specimen in the scientific herbarium is followed by the publication of nomenclatural standards. The article presents a new VIR genebank strategy for registering plant material of domestic cultivars received from breeders, which includes the design of nomenclatural standards; the development of a genetic passport of a cultivar using DNA samples from the plant delivered to the scientific herbarium; and application of biotechnological methods for keeping explants (isolated from the acquired plant material as buds or meristems) alive. The proposed integrated approach makes it possible to document cultivars not only with the help of nomenclatural standards, but also with the use of molecular-genetic methods, as well as to save genotyped specimens, transferred to herbarium, in in vitro and in cryo collections. This approach is applicable to any vegetatively propagated crop. The article summarizes the first results of our proposed strategy using modern domestic potato cultivars as an example. Collection, transfer and preparation of plant material for nomenclatural standards of potato varieties are specific; this article explains our protocol for this work. The implementation of this strategy in 2018-2020 led to the designation of nomenclatural standards for 66 Russian potato varieties and elaboration of their genetic passports, which are presented in a series of articles included into issues Nos.3 and 4, Volume 3, of the journal “Plant Biotechnology and Breeding”, containing an overview of methodological approaches to registration of modern domestic cultivars in the VIR collection. DNA samples obtained from the plant material provided by the cultivar authors for nomenclatural standard designation will continue to be used as a source of information on the genetic potential of a cultivar through the expansion of the list of DNA markers and the application of new genetic technologies.

scholarly journals Crop wild relative materials from field research in the Yakutsk vicinity in 2020

VAVILOVIA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-22
Author(s):  
G. V. Talovina
Keyword(s):  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Lena River ◽  
Forest Phytocenoses ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Floodplain Habitats

The N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) is working on replenishing seed and herbarium collections of cultivated plants and their wild relatives through collection missions in various regions of Russia. The collections are replenished with both live specimens (plantlets, runners, cuttings, bulbs, seeds, etc.), and with herbarium specimens of crop wild relatives (CWR). The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is characterized by a variety of natural conditions and resources, while many territories are difficult to reach by transport. Collection missions were carried out by VIR in the territory of Yakutia from 1972 to 1990. Field research in the territory of the republic is relevant to this day.In 2020, field research in the area of the projected bridge crossing over the Lena River near the city of Yakutsk resulted in collecting 18 samples of wild relatives of fruit, vegetable, essential oil, oil and fiber, forage legume, and cereals crops (live plants and seeds), as well as 45 CWR herbarium specimens. CWR (species of currants, onions, horseradish, water sorrel, tarragon wormwood, etc.) were found in floodplain habitats and on river banks, some were collected in ruderal biotopes, near settlements, less often in forest phytocenoses, and on steppe meadow slopes. All the samples were included in VIR collections. The phytocenoses from which CWR were collected, were comprehensively described.

scholarly journals Nomenclatural standards of raspberry cultivars bred in the Altai

VAVILOVIA ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-43
Author(s):  
A. M. Kamnev ◽  
N. D. Yagovtseva ◽  
S. E. Dunaeva ◽  
T. A. Gavrilenko ◽  
I. G. Chukhina
Keyword(s):  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Lateral Branch ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
International Code ◽  
Code Of Nomenclature ◽  
Vegetatively Propagated Plants ◽  
International Code Of Nomenclature ◽  
Research Institute

This article is devoted to designing nomeclatural standars and herbarium vouchers of raspberry cultivars bred in the M.A. Lisavenko Research Institute of Horticulture for Siberia. The article presents nomeclatural standards of cultivars ‘Barnaul’skaya’, ‘Blesk’, ‘Dobraya’, ‘Zoren’ka Altaya’, ‘Illyuziya’, ‘Kredo’ and ‘Rubinovaya’. The work has been performed according to the rules and recommendations outlined in the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants and guidelines developed for the vegetatively propagated plants. The material for nomenclatural standards should be collected with assistance of either the cultivar author, a representative of the institution owning the cultivar, or an expert in these cultivars. Therefore, material of the cultivars in question was picked with assistance of N.D. Yagovtseva, a representative of the Lisavenko Institute and author of two cultivars ‘Blesk’ and ‘Dobraya’. Nomenclatural standards contain two herbarium sheets with parts of one plant collected at the same time: the first sheet holds the middle third of a primocane and a leaf from this part, while the second one displays the middle third of a floricane and a lateral branch with fruits. Also, the specimens were supplied with photos of fruits taken before herbarization. The nomenclature standards have been deposited with the Herbarium of cultivated plants, their wild relatives, and weeds (WIR).

scholarly journals Wheat, Barley, and Oat Breeding for Health Benefit Components in Grain

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Igor G. Loskutov ◽  
Elena K. Khlestkina
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Staple Foods ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Oat Breeding

Cereal grains provide half of the calories consumed by humans. In addition, they contain important compounds beneficial for health. During the last years, a broad spectrum of new cereal grain-derived products for dietary purposes emerged on the global food market. Special breeding programs aimed at cultivars utilizable for these new products have been launched for both the main sources of staple foods (such as rice, wheat, and maize) and other cereal crops (oat, barley, sorghum, millet, etc.). The breeding paradigm has been switched from traditional grain quality indicators (for example, high breadmaking quality and protein content for common wheat or content of protein, lysine, and starch for barley and oat) to more specialized ones (high content of bioactive compounds, vitamins, dietary fibers, and oils, etc.). To enrich cereal grain with functional components while growing plants in contrast to the post-harvesting improvement of staple foods with natural and synthetic additives, the new breeding programs need a source of genes for the improvement of the content of health benefit components in grain. The current review aims to consider current trends and achievements in wheat, barley, and oat breeding for health-benefiting components. The sources of these valuable genes are plant genetic resources deposited in genebanks: landraces, rare crop species, or even wild relatives of cultivated plants. Traditional plant breeding approaches supplemented with marker-assisted selection and genetic editing, as well as high-throughput chemotyping techniques, are exploited to speed up the breeding for the desired genotуpes. Biochemical and genetic bases for the enrichment of the grain of modern cereal crop cultivars with micronutrients, oils, phenolics, and other compounds are discussed, and certain cases of contributions to special health-improving diets are summarized. Correlations between the content of certain bioactive compounds and the resistance to diseases or tolerance to certain abiotic stressors suggest that breeding programs aimed at raising the levels of health-benefiting components in cereal grain might at the same time match the task of developing cultivars adapted to unfavorable environmental conditions.

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