scholarly journals Nomenclatural standards and genetic passports of potato cultivars bred in the A.G. Lorkh All-Russian Research Institute of Potato Farming

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. А. Rybakov ◽  
O. Yu. Аntonova ◽  
I. G. Chukhina ◽  
N. А. Fomina ◽  
N. S. Klimenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Molecular Screening ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Code Of Nomenclature ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Russian Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Research Institute

In order to preserve the genetic diversity of cultivars, it is recommended to develop documentation approaches through the registration of cultivar nomenclatural standards in accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. The N.I Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources keeps developing this approach along with the DNA marker technologies: SSR genotyping and molecular screening with DNA markers of genes controlling valuable traits. In 2018, VIR, together with the leading national centre for potato breeding – the A.G. Lorkh All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Potato Farming (now the A.G. Lorkh Russian Potato Research Center), initiated the preparation of nomenclatural standards for potato cultivars bred both at the A.G. Lorkh institute and in co-authorship with other breeding institutions. This paper presents 30 nomenclatural standards which are maintained in the Nomenclature standard fund of the Herbarium of cultivated plants and their wild relatives and weeds (VIR Herbarium, WIR). Also, the paper presents genetic passports of the mentioned 30 cultivars, developed using DNA samples extracted from the plant material of nomenclatural standards. Genetic passports include information about the polymorphism of the 8 chromosome-specific microsatellites and data on the results of molecular screening with 15 markers of 11 genes conferring resistance to the most dangerous pathogens and pests: potato viruses Y and X, late blight and potato cyst nematodes. A comparison of SSR-profiles of nomenclatural standards with those of 66 cultivar samples obtained from various sources made it possible to verify authenticity and homogeneity of the latter.

scholarly journals Nomenclatural standards and genetic passports of potato cultivars bred at the Leningrad Research Institute for Agriculture “Belogorka”

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-54
Author(s):  
N. S. Klimenko ◽  
T. A. Gavrilenko ◽  
I. G. Chukhina ◽  
N. M. Gadzhiev ◽  
Z. Z. Evdokimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Code Of Nomenclature ◽  
Organelle Genomes ◽  
Research Institute

In the present paper, the potato cultivars bred at the Leningrad Research Institute for Agriculture “Belogorka”, were taken as an example for demonstrating the results of elaboration of methodological approaches that are currently developed at the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) for the preparing of nomenclatural standards and their genotyping. In 2018, joint research of VIR scientists and breeders from the Leningrad Research Institute for Agriculture “Belogorka” began in the field of preparing nomenclatural standards for potato cultivars bred at this institute. Nomenclatural standards were prepared according to the ‘International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants’. Plant material for herbarium specimens was collected in the experimental field of the “Belogorka” Institute in 2018 by cultivar authors and handed over to the VIR Herbarium of cultivated plants, their wild relatives and weeds (WIR). The plant material included stems with inflorescences and later - tubers of 21 cultivars which were bred at the “Belogorka” Institute. Two precultivars undergoing State variety testing and three breeding clones were also included in this study. Just before herbarium preparation, the obtained plant material was photographed, plant morphological characters described, and the results compared with the description given in such official documents as the “Cultivar Questionnaireˮ and “Description of selection achievementˮ. The nomenclatural standards of 21 cultivars registered in the VIR Herbarium Database and transferred for conservation to the VIR herbarium, are published in this paper. Before herbarium preparation, the plant material was sampled for DNA extraction and subsequent genotyping and molecular screening. The genetic passports include information about the polymorphism of 10 chromosome-specific microsatellite loci, as well as the data on the presence/absence of diagnostic fragments of 12 markers of the 11 R-genes conferring resistance to diseases and pests, and for some cultivars – the information about their cytoplasm type. These genetic passports are valuable not only because different types of DNA markers were used in their preparing (SSR, SCAR and CAPS markers of the R genes; markers specific to different loci of the nuclear and organelle genomes), but first of all because of the material itself, as the DNA samples were isolated from the plants with the assigned status of nomenclatural standard for each particular cultivar. Based on the genetic passports data, trueness to type of the “Belogorka” cultivar samples obtained from various sources was verified.

scholarly journals Apple varieties of selection of “All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crops Breeding”, as a starting material for breeding for a high content of phenolic compounds in fruits

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Margarita Makarkina ◽  
Evgeny Sedov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Russian Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Morning Star ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Research Institute

The All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Breeding Fruit Crops is the oldest pomological institution. The scientific direction of the institute is to obtain genotypes of fruit crops that exceed the standard ones in terms of basic economic indicators, including those with an improved chemical composition of fruits. The leading culture is the apple tree. One of the indicators of the chemical composition of apples is the presence of phenolic compounds, the most important natural antioxidants: catechins and polyphenols. Genotypes of different maturation periods, immune (Rvi6) and resistant (Rvi5) to scab, diploids (2x) and triploids (3x), vigorous and intensive type (Co gene), were identified as sources of the studied traits. The best in terms of the accumulation of catechins were the varieties of the autumn ripening period: Sokovinka, Slavyanin, Pamyat Isaeva, Zaryanka, Orlovsky pioneer, origin Antonovka red barrel × SR0523 (159.0-288.0 mg / 100 g); the summer varieties Zhelnoe, Orlovim, Early aloe, Anniversary (152.0-170.0 mg / 100 g), the winter varieties Kurnakovskoe, Olympic, Poetry, Freshness, Bezhin meadow, Kulikovskoe, Start, Health, Academician Savelyev, Festive, Orlovskaya Zarya, Pamyati Blynsky, Vita, Mars, Imrus, Pamyati Semakina, Celandine, Kandil Orlovsky, Morning Star, (161.2-353.5 mg / 100 g). The sources of the total amount of polyphenols (more than 400.0 mg / 100 g) were selected: with the Rvi6 gene Start, Zaryanka, Ivanovskoe, Imrus, Oryol woodland, Zdorov’e, Bolotovskoe, Pamyati Khitrovo, Kandil Orlovsky; with the Rvi5 gene Orlovsky pioneer and Celandine; triploids Memory Semakin, Bezhin lug, Turgenevskoe, Mars, Orlovsky partisan, Trainer Petrov, Patriot, Augusta (404.0-623.9 mg / 100 g), of which the varieties Mars and Trainer Petrov have the Rvi6 gene.

scholarly journals Nomenclatural standards, voucher specimens and genetic passports of potato cultivars created in the Siberian and Ural breeding centers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Fomina ◽  
O. Yu. Antonova ◽  
I. G. Chukhina ◽  
D. A. Rybakov ◽  
A. D. Safonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Research Centers ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
Research Institute

The present paper discusses methodological approaches to the creation of nomenclatural standards and genetic passports for Russian cultivars, currently being developed at the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) in collaboration with different breeding research centers. Plant material of potato cultivars bred in the Siberian Research Institute of Plant Cultivation and Breeding was collected by the cultivar creator A.D. Safonova in the experimental field of this institute and transferred to the VIR herbarium for preparation of their nomenclatural standards. Plant shoots and tubers of potato cultivars bred in other Siberian research centers in collaboration with the A.G. Lorkh All-Russian Research Institute of Potato Farming (VNIIKH) was collected by the representative of this institute in the experimental field of VNIIKH. As a result of joint research, nomenclatural standards were accomplished for 11 cultivars, namely ‘Аntonina’, ‘Zlatka’, ‘Lina’, ‘Lûbava’, ‘Nakra’, ‘Pamâti Rogačeva’, ‘Sarovskij’, ‘Safo’, ‘Solnečnyj’, ‘Tuleevskij’, ‘Ûna’** bred in five different Siberian breeding institutes including cultivars developed in collaboration with VNIIKH. Nomenclatural standards were prepared according to the ‘International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants’. DNA samples isolated from nomenclatural standards were used for preparation of genetic passports of these 11 cultivars. These genetic passports include information of the polymorphism of eight chromosome-specific microsatellites, data on the markers of 11 R-genes conferring resistance to various harmful organisms, as well as the information about cytoplasm types. Voucher specimens of additional three Siberian cultivars ‘Kemerovčanin’, ‘Kuznečanka’, ‘Tanaj’ and five Ural cultivars ‘Аlâska’, ‘Bravo’, ‘Irbitskij’, ‘Lûks’, ‘Terra’ from the Ural Research Institute for Agriculture were also registered in the VIR herbarium collection. For these eight cultivars, the genetic passports were not issued, but the results of SSR genotyping and molecular screening of voucher specimens performed with the same set of the DNA markers are presented in this report. A similar set of DNA markers was used for genotyping cultivar accessions from the in vitro and field collections of various institutes as well as cultivar specimens from eco-geographical tests performed within the framework of the Comprehensive Research Plan of the subprogram “Development of potato breeding and seed production in the Russian Federation”. The comparison of cultivar genetic passport data with genotyping results of specimens having the same name, but obtained from different sources made it possible to verify this plant material.

scholarly journals Nomenclatural standards of apple cultivars developed at Sverdlovsk Horticultural Breeding Station. Part I

2021 ◽  
Vol 182 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
A. V. Shlyavas ◽  
D. D. Telezhinskiy ◽  
L. V. Bagmet
Keyword(s):  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
Code Of Nomenclature ◽  
The World ◽  
Herbarium Collection ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
International Code Of Nomenclature

Researchers of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) and Sverdlovsk Horticultural Breeding Station developed nomenclatural standards for 18 apple cultivars released at the said station: ‘Aksyona’ (WIR-53949), ‘Blagaya Vest’ (WIR-53950), ‘Danila’ (WIR-53952), ‘Isetskoye Pozdneye’ (WIR-53953), ‘Iset Belaya’ (WIR-53954), ‘Krasa Sverdlovska’ (WIR-53955), ‘Papiroyantarnoye’ (WIR-53956), ‘Pervouralskaya’ (WIR-53957), ‘Rodnikovaya’ (WIR-53958), ‘Rumyanka Sverdlovskaya’ (WIR-53959), ‘Sverdlovchanin’ (WIR-53960), ‘Serebryanoye Kopyttse’ (WIR-53961), ‘Sokovoye 3’ (WIR-53962), ‘Tavatuy’ (WIR-53963), ‘Uralets’ (WIR-53964), ‘Fakel’ (WIR-53965), ‘Fermer’ (WIR-53966), and ‘Ekrannoye’ (WIR-53967). Nomenclatural standards serve to confirm the authenticity of a cultivar and its name. They should be kept perpetually in the scientific herbarium collection. Herbarium specimens of nomenclatural standards are formatted in accordance with the recommendations of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP), registered in the VIR Herbarium Database and included in the Herbarium of Cultivated Plants of the World, Their Wild Relatives, and Weeds (WIR).

scholarly journals SSR analysis of modern Russian potato varieties using DNA samples of nomenclatural standards

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Antonova ◽  
N. S. Klimenko ◽  
D. A. Rybakov ◽  
N. A. Fomina ◽  
V. V. Zheltova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Ssr Analysis ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
High Level ◽  
Modern Russian

The N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) is developing new approaches to documentation of national cultivars, taking into account recommendations of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants in parallel with methods of genetic certification. The nomenclatural standard of a particular cultivar represented by a herbarium specimen can be used as a reference for verifying authenticity and uniformity of cultivar specimens obtained from various sources. The verification requires fast and reliable methods for cultivar genotyping. This paper presents protocols for modified methods of DNA extraction, PCR-analysis and SSR-genotyping, which allow potato cultivars identification without the use of expensive reagent kits. A set of ten chromosome-specific microsatellite markers was used to study polymorphisms in 66 modern Russian potato cultivars, as well as in 11 pre-cultivars and breeding clones, represented by nomenclatural standards and voucher specimens, respectively. This subset of 77 specimens has demonstrated a high level of polymorphism in ten studied microsatellite loci. The SSR analysis identified 73 alleles; 7.3 alleles per locus were observed on average, the number of which varied from 3 (STG0025 locus) to 11 (locus StI046). The PIC values varied from 0.544 (STG0025 locus) to 0.836 (StI046 locus). The alleles, unique for this subset, were found at six studied loci. The high level of polymorphism at the SSR loci made it possible to unambiguously identify almost every cultivar, with the exception of the expected coincidence of microsatellite profiles of two cultivars, which are somaclonal variants. Using an optimized set of eight microsatellite markers, the genetic relationships of modern Russian potato cultivars were studied.

scholarly journals Nomenclatural standards and genetic passports of potato cultivars bred by the Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture «Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences»

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
N. A. Fomina ◽  
O. Yu. Antonova ◽  
I. G. Chukhina ◽  
E. A. Gimaeva ◽  
Z. Stashevski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Breeding Clone ◽  
Research Institute

Breeding of potato cultivars adapted to the climatic conditions of the Middle Volga region and resistant to various harmful organisms has always been an urgent task for breeders of the Tatarstan Republic. In the present paper, the potato cultivars bred at the Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture – Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, were taken as an example for demonstrating the results of application and elaboration of methodological approaches that are currently developed at the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) for the preparing of nomenclatural standards and their genotyping. At the initiative of the VIR researchers in collaboration with the authors of potato cultivars E.A. Gimaeva and Z. Stashevski plant material was collected and nomenclatural standards for potato cultivars bred at the Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences were prepared. Four nomenclatural standards for Tatarstan potato cultivars (‘Zumba’, ‘Kortni’, ‘Reggi’, ‘Samba’) were prepared in accordance with the provisions of the International Code of Nomenclature For Cultivated Plants, registered in the VIR Herbarium Database, and transferred to the VIR herbarium type collection. Besides, voucher specimens of cv. ‘Tango’ and breeding clone ‘Sal’sa’, which is undergoing the State Variety Test at present, were produced. Genetic passports of Tatarstan varieties (‘Zumba’, ‘Kortni’, ‘Reggi’, ‘Samba’) and one breeding clone (‘Sal’sa’)* were developed using DNA samples from plant material transferred by the authors of the cultivars to the VIR herbarium. The genetic passports include information of the polymorphism of eight chromosome-specific microsatellites, data on the presence/ absence of the diagnostic fragments of 15 markers of the 11 R-genes conferring resistance to various harmful organisms and the information about cytoplasm types. A comparison of the data from genetic passports developed using DNA samples from nomenclatural standard specimens with the results of genotyping of 22 samples of Tatarstan cultivars obtained from different sources (e.g., samples undergoing ecogeographic tests within the framework of the Comprehensive Research Plan of the subprogram “Development of potato breeding and seed production in the Russian Federation”; as well as accessions from the VIR in vitro collection) made it possible to assess the authenticity and uniformity of the studied plant material.

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