Revealing the diversity of Fusarium micromycetes in agroecosystems of the North Caucasus plains for replenishing the State Collection of Phytopathogenic Microorganisms of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of a Phytopathology

In order to prevent crop yield losses from the most dangerous and economically important pathogenic organisms, it is necessary not only to monitor the virulence gene pool, but also to study the nature of pathogen variability and determine the potential for the emergence of new genes and races. This requires centralized collections of fungal cultures characterized by a set of stable strains to provide for phytopathological, immunological, breeding, genetic, toxicological, parasitological and other studies. The State Collection of Phytopathogenic Microorganisms of the ARSRIP is the State Depository of Phytopathogenic microorganisms that are non-pathogenic to humans or farmed animals. Currently, it has more than 4,500 accessions of plant pathogenic strains of fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, phytoplasmas, and the collection is updated annually. For this purpose, the study of the inter- and intraspecific genetic diversity of genus Fusarium was carried out in agricultural systems of the Krasnodar Territory. In 2020, the State Collection of Phytopathogenic Microorganisms was supplemented with 13 strains of Fusarium fungi isolated from tissues of winter wheat plants collected in several locations of the Krasnodar region. The complex of Fusarium fungi revealed on winter wheat usually included Fusarium oxysporum, F. culmorum, F. lolii, F. graminearum, F. fujikuroi, F. sporotrichioides, etc. The effect of the preceding crop on the frequency of Fusarium species isolated from winter wheat was observed. After series cloning of collected isolates, 21 strains of different fungal species characterized by stable morphology traits and known pathogenic and phytotoxic properties were selected for collection replenishment. Significant differences in pathogenic activity were revealed between fungi belonging to either the same or different species; the manifestation of this activity varied from the absence of any effect of spore suspensions on seedling development to a complete inhibition of their growth. The phytotoxic activity towards wheat seedlings varied from medium to high. Species possessing a high intensity of phytotoxic activities are the most dangerous for wheat, since they promote accumulation of dangerous phytotoxins in plant tissues.

The effect of the method of management and training grape bushes on the indicators of planting fertility and productivity

В настоящее время на промышленных виноградниках в различных регионах России возделывается множество разновидностей технических сортов винограда. Проведено сравнение двух технических сортов, возделываемых в условиях Нижнего Придонья, дана оценка влияния способов ведения и формирования кустов этих сортов при индустриальной технологии выращивания (схема посадки - 3 х 1,5 м) на количество и качество урожая: неукрывных высокоштамбовых насаждений технического сорт Кристалл венгерской селекции и сорта винограда межвидового происхождения Цветочный, выведенного во ВНИИВиВ им Я.И. Потапенко. Полученные в ходе исследований данные позволяют сравнить влияние различных способов ведения, типов формировки кустов и их нагрузки побегами на показатели плодоносности насаждений, а также количество и качество полученного урожая. Показавшие лучшие результаты способы ведения и формирования кустов для климатической зоны Нижнего Придонья могут быть рекомендованы к использованию. В насаждениях сорта Кристалл рекомендуется использовать малую чашевидную и 2-рукавную высокоштамбовую формировку кустов; в насаждениях сорта Цветочный - зигзагообразный кордон и Y-образную формировку, с увеличением нагрузки до 35 побегов на куст при схеме посадки 3 х 1,5 м. Рекомендуемые способы ведения и формировки кустов винограда сортов Кристалл и Цветочный позволят получать стабильные и качественные урожаи. Currently, a wide range of wine grape varieties is cultivated in industrial vineyards of various regions of Russia. We compared two wine varieties cultivated in the conditions of the Lower Don region, and assessed the effect of methods of bush management and training these varieties with industrial cultivation technology (planting scheme - 3 x 1.5m) on the quantity and quality of the yield: open-earth high-head plantings of wine variety ‘Cristall’ of Hungarian selection and the variety of interspecific origin ‘Tsvetochniy’, bred in the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named after Ya.I.Potapenko. The data obtained in the course of the research allow us to compare the effect of different management methods, types of bush training and loading with shoots on the indicators of plant fertility, as well as the quantity and quality of the obtained yield. The methods of management and training bushes for the climatic zone of the Lower Don region with better results can be recommended for introduction. For the ‘Cristall’ plantings, it is recommended to use a small cup-shaped and two-armed high-stem bush training; for the ‘Tsvetochniy’ plantings - a zigzag cordon and a Y-shaped bush training with loading increase up to 35 shoots per bush, and a planting scheme - 3 x 1.5 m. The recommended methods of management and training grape bushes of wine varieties ‘Cristall’ and ‘Tsvetochniy’ will make it possible to obtain stable and high-quality yields.

A Modeling Framework for Decision Support in Periprosthetic Joint Infection Treatment

In this paper, we present a framework, which aims at facilitating the choice of the best strategy related to the treatment of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). The framework includes two models: a detailed non-Markovian model based on the decision tree approach, and a general Markov model, which captures the most essential states of a patient under treatment. The application of the framework is demonstrated on the dataset provided by Russian Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics “R.R. Vreden”, which contains records of patients with PJI occurred after total hip arthroplasty. The methods of cost-effectiveness analysis of treatment strategies and forecasting of individual treatment outcomes depending on the selected strategy are discussed.

Helianthus annuus L. hybrid ideotype

The issue of determining the ideotype of sunflower varieties and hybrids is relevant not only for breeding but also for cultivation in new environmental conditions. The aim of our research was to evaluate the genotypes according to ecological adaptability and establish the parameters of the sunflower ideotype for the arid conditions of the Crimean steppe zone. The studies were conducted in 2017-2020 at the Field Crop Department, FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea” (village of Klepinino). Soil – chernozem southern low humus. Materials for the research – sunflower hybrids: ‘Garant’, ‘Komandor’, ‘Signal’, ‘Paritet’, ‘Prestizh’ (standard), ‘Sprint’, ‘Sprint 2’, ‘Gorstar’, ‘Kometa’ (bred in the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Oil Crops by the name of Pustovoit V.S.” (VNIIMK)). The experiment was replicated four times. The total area of the trial plot is 56 m2, the accounting area – 28 m2. Plant density – 40 thousand plants per ha. The harvest was brought to 100% purity; the seeds – to 10% moisture content. The linear regression coefficient (plasticity) of the yield of hybrids (bi) and the standard deviation (stability) (Ϭd2) were calculated according to S. A. Eberhart and W. A. Russell. Favourable weather conditions were in 2017 (Ij = +0.21) and 2019 (Ij = +1.04). Hybrids ‘Komandor’, ‘Garant’, ‘Sprint 2’ and ‘Gorstar’ are more responsive to the improvement of growing conditions (bi>1); variety ‘Kometa’ – weakly responsive (bi<1). When cultivation conditions changed, the yield of the hybrids ‘Signal’, ‘Paritet’, ‘Prestizh’ and ‘Sprint’ varied (bi = 1). In terms of yield, the most stable is ‘Kometa’ (Ϭd2 = 0.48); the most unstable – ‘Komandor’ (Ϭd2 = 2.19). According to the long-term field research, we have identified the parameters of the optimal model of a sunflower hybrid for cultivation in the Crimea: growing season length – 92–98 days, plant height – 161–166 cm, 1000-seeds weight – 69.5–83.0 g, productive area of the capitula (flower head) – 313–379 cm2, yield – 2.26–2.49 t/ha, oil content – 45–47%, as well as god responsiveness to the growing conditions improvement.

Scientific provision of an effective development of soybean breeding and seed production in the Russian Far East

In the Russian Far East, a highly profitable crop is soybean, which predominates in all farms’ crop rotation in the region. An increase in this crop production occurs here both by increasing the sown area and increasing its yield. Therefore, in scientific institutions, great attention is paid to breeding varieties that can produce high yields in conditions with limited thermal resources with adaptation to the extreme soil and climatic conditions of the region’s soybean growing zones. In 2020, 45 varieties developed by scientific institutions of the Far Eastern Federal District were introduced to the State Register of the Russian Federation and approved for use in production in code 12 region (Far Eastern), with the largest number of the entries coming from the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Soybeans. The share of cultivated areas in the Russian Far East occupied by domestic varieties was 63.7 %, the largest share of sown varieties – 48.9 % – belongs to the Federal Research Center All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Soybean. The most popular were the varieties of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Soybean, such as Alena, Kitrossa, Lydiya, Evgeniya, MK 100, Primorsky varieties (Musson, Primorskaya 4, Primorskaya 86, Primorskaya 96, Sphera) are in demand mainly in Primorsky Krai, and Khabarovsk varieties (Batya, Marinata) have an advantage in Khabarovsky Krai and the Jewish Autonomous Region. All varieties are not genetically modified and are created mainly by classical breeding methods. Breeders of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution,“Federal Research Center of Agrobiotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaika” and biotechnologists carry out the selection of pairs for crossing using biotechnological methods to assess their polymorphism, instead of long-term selection for phenotypic features in the field. Evaluation of domestic and foreign varieties for disease resistance revealed a high degree of damage to foreign varieties by dangerous viral and fungal diseases. Together with Japanese scientists from the University of Niigata, the astragalus mosaic virus was detected on Canadian and Chinese varieties in Primorsky Krai and the Amur Region using DNA analysis. The carrier of this disease is soybean aphid (Aphis glycines).

Adaptation of Technological Methods to Climatic Conditions in Agrotechnologies in South Ural

This study aimed to define an optimal sowing date of winter wheat in the steppe zone of South Ural and West Siberia. The effects of climatic factors were determined by analyzing modern climatic resources and experimentally testing in the conditions of the central zone in Orenburgskaya oblast. Research from the All-Russian Scientific- Research Institute of Hydro-meteorological Information – World Data Center (RSRIHI-WDC) served as a source of archival meteorological data for 2009-2019. Experimental data were collected through field work on the south chernozem in the Central zone of Orenburgskaya oblast for 2019-2020. Digital material was processed using statistical analysis. It was confirmed that in the Central zone of Orenburgskaya oblast under modern climatic conditions, the period between 25-30 August is the most acceptable date to sow winter wheat. If sowing occurs at later dates, there is a risk of not obtaining the required amount of effective temperatures, which can result in disunited sparse shoots, bushes that are not fully formed, and low phytometric parameters, and therefore a low realization of climatically secured productivity. These results could be more widely tested in other steppe regions of Ural and West Siberia with a prospect to introduce the results into zonal recommendations for production. Keywords: climatic resources, productivity reserves, winter wheat

Effects Of Sowing Scheme On Yield Elements And Yield Of Oil Sunflower Varieties

In this scientific article, new Buzuluk and Irtish fast-ripening and the local Dilbar varieties of sunflower from the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Oilseeds named after V.S. Pustovayt were planted in 70x20, 70x25, 70x30, 70x35 planting scheme, and among the varieties Buzuluk variety showed high results. Dilbar, Buzuluk varieties were found to have high yields in the 70x30 sowing scheme (27.5 and 32.6 ts/ha), and Irtish varieties in the 70x25 sowing scheme (25.6 ts/ha).

КОМПЛЕКСНОЕ СРЕДСТВО ВИРУКИЛЛ 260 ПРОТИВ ЯИЦ АСКАРИДИЙ У КУР Сафиуллин Р.Т., Чалышева Э.И., Краснобаев Ю.В.

КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: ЦЫПЛЯТА, АСКАРИДИИ (ASCARIDIA GALLI), ЯЙЦА, КОПРОСКОПИЯ, СРЕДСТВА ДЕЗИНВАЗИИ, ВИРУКИЛЛ 260, ФЕНОЛ, ИНТЕНСЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ, ЭЙМЕРИИ АННОТАЦИЯ: Лабораторные исследования по изучению овоцидных свойств комплексного средства Вирукилл 260 в разных концентрациях в опыте in vitro на дистиллированной воде показали, что интенсэффективность препарата (доля погибших яиц аскаридий Ascaridia galli) составила: при концентрации 0,5% - 95,9%; 1 и 2% - 100%. Использованный в качестве препарата сравнения фенол (4%) в условиях лаборатории показал интенсэффективность 87,8%. Проведенная биопроба на цыплятах с 16 (инокуляция яйцами аскаридий) по 51 день жизни (возраст контрольного убоя) показала, что при неполном уничтожении аскаридий в случае использования фенола и 0,5% раствора Вирукилл 260 живая масса цыплят и ее среднесуточный прирост снижаются по сравнению с интактным контролем. Концентрация препарата 1% ранее показала себя эффективной также против спорулированных ооцист эймерий, поэтому ее рекомендуется использовать на практике для подготовки птичников к заселению молодняком для их дезинфекции против экзогенных стадий как аскаридий, так и эймерий. THE EFFICIENCY OF COMBINED PREPARATION VIRUKILL-260 AGAINST ASCARID OVA IN CHICKEN SAFIULLIN R.T.1, CHALYSHEVA E.I.1, KRASNOBAYEV YU.V.2 1 Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary of K.I. Skryabin & Y.R. Kovalenko” of Russian Academy of Sciences 2 Ratsiovet Co The ovocidic properties of different concentrations of the combined preparation Virukill-260 in compare to phenolic solution were studied in vitro on the aqueous suspension of the ova of ascarids (Ascaridia galli). The efficiency of the elimination was 95.9% for 0.5% aqueous solution of the preparation, 100% for 1 and 2% solutions; for phenolic solution (4%) it was 87.8%. The in vivo test on four treatments of chicken (universal Yubileynaya breed, 5 birds per treatment) since 16 days of age (inoculation of treatments 2-4 with non-treated ova and ova preliminary treated with phenol and Virukill-260, 0.5%, respectively; intact control treatment 1 was not inoculated) to the slaughter at 51 days of age evidenced the decreases in live bodyweight and average daily weight gains in cases of incomplete elimination of the parasites in compare to the intact control. Since the concentration of the preparation 1% was earlier found to be effective against sporulated oocysts of the Eimerias it can be recommended for the disinfection of commercial poultry houses prior to the population for the complete preliminary elimination of ascarids and Eimerias at the exogenous stages of their life cycles. Keywords: CHICKEN, ASCARIDS (ASCARIDIA GALLI), OVA, COPROSCOPY, DISINVASIVE AGENTS, VIRUKILL-260, PHENOL, ELIMINATION EFFICIENCY, EIMERIAS

Study of economically valuable traits and technological properties in maize from the Zea mays L. collection of VIR

Background. Innovative technologies for deep processing of grain are widely used in maize grain processing with the release of the grain germ for subsequent extraction of oil and starch from it or production of sugar substitutes in the form of fructose syrup and alcohol, bakery or feed protein. A search for economically valuable sources of maize starch, useful byproducts of its processing, and natural modification of starch for deep processing is vital.Materials and methods. Ten high-starch maize accessions from the VIR collection, isolated by IR spectrometry, were studied. Starch content was measured according to GOST 10845-98, GOST 13586.5-93, GOST 10847-74 and GOST ISO 6647-1-2015 standards. Processing of grain into starch and assessment of the content of amylose and byproducts were carried out at the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Starch Products in 2018 according to L. P. Nosovskaya et al. The actual content of starch and its byproducts during deep grain processing was determined. The values of the actual percentage of dry matter (DM, %) in grain, mass fraction of starch, ash content, as well as the yield of extract, pulp, embryo, gluten, process water and starch were determined.Results. Accessions with a high yield of starch (k-4520, k-9301 and k-24730), germ (k-4520. k-8785 and k-24731), pulp (k-4520, k-8785, k-9991 and k-24732) and protein (k8785) were identified as well as those with a percentage of amylopectin in starch above 82% (k-24730 and k-24733) and 100% (k-5461 and k-9991), and amylose above 30% (k4520 and k-9301).Conclusion. Of practical interest in terms of the actual yield of starch (% DM in grain) are accessions k-4520, k-9301, k-24730, k-9991, k-5461 and k-4520. According to the results of breeding tests, accessions k-24730, k-24732 and k-24733 had the following values of starch harvest calculated for grain yield: 4.66, 4.41 and 4.18 t/ha, respectively.

Immunological and adaptive assessment of soybean samples of competitive variety testing in the Amur region

The results of study of the samples of competitive variety testing in the Amur region are presented. The research was carried out in 2018-2020 on experimental plots of the breeding crop rotation of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Soybean. As a result of the phytopathological survey, 12 best highly immune soybean samples were identified, of which the most adaptive (Ka > 1) to the conditions of the region were marked with 5 numbers: Amurskaya 24/42 (Ka = 1, 07), Amurskaya 24/54 (Ka = 1.07) and Amurskaya 24/60 (Ka = 1.11), Alena standard (Ka = 1.05), Amurskaya K-4/23 (Ka = 1.02) and Amurskaya K-14/17 (Ka = 1.05). As a result of a comprehensive assessment, considering the indicators of adaptability, productivity, and resistance to diseases, the 3 best soybean samples were identified: early-ripening – Amur 24/42; medium-ripening - Amur 24/54, Amur 24/60 with a yield of 2.78 (+ 0.46 t/ha to st); 2.80 (+ 0.32 t/ha to st); 2.75 (+0.27 t/ha to st). Two of which Am. 24/60 and Am. 24/42 were transferred in 2020 to the State Variety Testing for 2021-2022 as new highly productive, immune varieties Tisei and Luchistaya.