scholarly journals Estimation of future methane production from Hellenic landfills

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-171
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Phase Model ◽  
Methane Generation ◽  
Sanitary Landfills ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The main objective of this research was to predict expected methane generation in Hellenic sanitary landfills, in order to evaluate its potential for energy production and to ensure health and safety in and around these sites on the long term. The study was performed for the period 2008 – 2028 with the use of a multi-phase model and included also a sensitivity analysis in order to determine the impact of certain waste parameters. In this context, two ‘extreme’ reference scenarios were formulated and assessed, one anticipating fulfilment of the EU landfill directive (which sets limits to the amount of biodegradable and packaging materials to be deposited in sanitary landfills) whereas a second (do-nothing scenario) assuming no such timely compliance.

scholarly journals Damping Studies on PMLG-Based Wave Energy Converter under Oceanic Wave Climates

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 920
Author(s):  
Yue Hong ◽  
Irina Temiz ◽  
Jianfei Pan ◽  
Mikael Eriksson ◽  
Cecilia Boström
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Damping Coefficient ◽  
Irregular Wave ◽  
Ocean Wave Energy ◽  
Optimal Damping ◽  
The Impact

Wave energy converters (WECs), which are designed to harvest ocean wave energy, have recently been improved by the installation of numerous conversion mechanisms; however, it is still difficult to find an appropriate method that can compromise between strong environmental impact and robust performance by transforming irregular wave energy into stable electrical power. To solve this problem, an investigation into the impact of varied wave conditions on the dynamics of WECs and to determine an optimal factor for WECs to comply with long-term impacts was performed. In this work, we researched the performance of WECs influenced by wave climates. We used a permanent magnet linear generator (PMLG)-based WEC that was invented at Uppsala University. The damping effect was first studied with a PMLG-type WEC. Then, a group of sea states was selected to investigate their impact on the power production of the WEC. Two research sites were chosen to investigate the WEC’s annual energy production as well as a study on the optimal damping coefficient impact. In addition, we compared the WEC’s energy production between optimal damping and constant damping under a full range of sea states at both sites. Our results show that there is an optimal damping coefficient that can achieve the WEC’s maximum power output. For the chosen research sites, only a few optimal damping coefficients were able to contribute over 90% of the WEC’s annual energy production. In light of the comparison between optimal and constant damping, we conclude that, for specific regions, constant damping might be a better choice for WECs to optimize long-term energy production.

scholarly journals Application fields of wood as a renewable energy source in Europe

2012 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Nándor Csatári
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Renewable Energy Production ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
The Eu

Fuelwood, and wood wastes provide almost half of the renewable energy production of the European Union. Enhancing the use of wood in renewable energy production has more constraint than wind- or solar energy. Forests in the EU member states are sustainably used, they are increasing both in terms of area, and growing stocks. There are possibilities to enhance the fallings and use more fuelwood. Short rotation coppices could fulfill the long term demand for fuelwood; because these plantations surpass the dendromass yield of forests.

scholarly journals The Impact Of Subsidy Policy On Biogas Plants In Slovakia

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Lajda ◽  
Zuzana Lajdová ◽  
Peter Bielik
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Subsidy Policy ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Recently, renewable energy sources (RES) have become very popular all over the EU. Subsidy policies have provided huge amount of money flowing into the sector which were necessary for its development. In Slovakia, favourable legislation was one of triggers for building biogas plants using anaerobic fermentation for biogas and further electric energy production. This paper examines how subsidy policy has stimulated biogas sector over the years and the consequences arising from the legislation.

Australian PM challenge will hinder policy agenda

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Party Leader ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Housing Bubbles ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Significance Although a victory in the short term for Abbott, the narrow margin will only intensify doubts about his long-term prospects as party leader and as prime minister. The challenge continues a trend of instability across Australia's main political parties. The country is poised to enter a record 25th year of uninterrupted economic growth, yet has changed prime minister four times since 2007. Impacts Australia will remain one of the most robust developed economies throughout 2015, with growth rates far above those of the EU. The Reserve Bank's decision to cut interest rates indicates that there are worries of the impact of the China-induced mining slowdown. Concerns in state capitals about housing bubbles will grow and may be an issue in the next federal election.

scholarly journals Economic-Engineering Modelling of the Buildings Sector to Study the Transition towards Deep Decarbonisation in the EU

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fotiou ◽  
Vita ◽  
Capros
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The paper presents a newly developed economic-engineering model of the buildings sector and its implementation for all the European Union (EU) Member States (MS), designed to study in detail ambitious energy efficiency strategies and policies, in the context of deep decarbonisation in the long term. The model has been used to support the impact assessment study that accompanied the European Commission’s communication “A Clear Planet for All”, in November 2018. The model covers all EU countries with a fine resolution of building types, and represents agent decision-making in a complex and dynamic economic-engineering mathematical framework. Emphasis is given to behaviours driving the energy renovation of buildings and the ensuing choice of equipment for heating and cooling. The model represents several market and non-market policies that can influence energy decisions in buildings and promote deep energy renovation. Moreover, the paper presents key applications for supporting policies targeting ambitious reduction of energy consumption and carbon emissions in buildings across Europe. The results illustrate that the achievement of ambitious energy-efficiency targets in the long-term heavily depends on pursuing a fast and extensive renovation of existing buildings, at annual rates between 1.21% and 1.77% for the residential sector and between 0.92% to 1.35% for the services sector. In both cases, the renovation rates are far higher past trends. Strong policies aimed at removing non-market barriers are deemed necessary. Electrification constitutes a reasonable choice for deeply renovated buildings and, as a result, almost 50% of households chooses electric heating over gas heating in the long term. However, heat pumps need to exploit further their learning potential to be economical and implementable for the various climatic conditions in Europe. The results also show that the cost impacts are modest even if renovation and decarbonisation in buildings develop ambitiously in the EU. The reduced energy bills due to energy savings can almost offset the increasing capital expenditures. Fundraising difficulties and the cost of capital are, however, of concern.

scholarly journals Historical Evolution of the Wave Resource and Energy Production off the Chilean Coast over the 20th Century

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Ulazia ◽  
Markel Penalba ◽  
Arkaitz Rabanal ◽  
Gabriel Ibarra-Berastegi ◽  
John Ringwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
The West ◽  
Chilean Coast ◽  
Resource Variability ◽  
The Impact

The wave energy resource in the Chilean coast shows particularly profitable characteristics for wave energy production, with relatively high mean wave power and low inter-annual resource variability. This combination is as interesting as unusual, since high energetic locations are usually also highly variable, such as the west coast of Ireland. Long-term wave resource variations are also an important aspect when designing wave energy converters (WECs), which are often neglected in resource assessment. The present paper studies the long-term resource variability of the Chilean coast, dividing the 20th century into five do-decades and analysing the variations between the different do-decades. To that end, the ERA20C reanalysis of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts is calibrated versus the ERA-Interim reanalysis and validated against buoy measurements collected in different points of the Chilean coast. Historical resource variations off the Chilean coast are compared to resource variations off the west coast in Ireland, showing a significantly more consistent wave resource. In addition, the impact of historical wave resource variations on a realistic WEC, similar to the Corpower device, is studied, comparing the results to those obtained off the west coast of Ireland. The annual power production off the Chilean coast is demonstrated to be remarkably more regular over the 20th century, with variations of just 1% between the different do-decades.

scholarly journals A multiobjective short-term optimal operation model for a cascade system of reservoirs considering the impact on long-term energy production

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 3353-3369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Xu ◽  
Ping-An Zhong ◽  
Zachary Stanko ◽  
Yunfa Zhao ◽  
William W.-G. Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Operation Model ◽  
Cascade System ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals AN OVERVIEW OF FISCAL CONSOLIDATION PROCESS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iulia Andreea Bucur ◽  
Mircea Muntean
Keyword(s):  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Fiscal Consolidation ◽  
Consolidation Process ◽  
Fiscal Effort ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This paper aims to explore, based on theoretical and empirical research in the field and on data available on Eurostat and European Commission, in the context of financial significant imbalances and thus of the financial stress in the EU countries and especially in the Euro area, the main developments in the fiscal consolidation process given the fiscal effort of each country towards fiscal union. Since the financial crisis started in 2008, many EU Member States demonstrates an obvious macroeconomic imbalance which requires increased responsibility regarding fiscal developments. The impact of the crisis and the causes of sovereign debt high levels trends varied between EU countries as well as the budget deficit levels. Thus, the main priority for EU members must be the continuation of differentiated fiscal consolidation, given the specificities of each economy, favoring growth. The medium-term fiscal policy needs to focus on consolidating public finances along with restoring long-term sustainability.

scholarly journals Measures and Possible Support Solutions of the Sustainable European Economy in the Context of Actual Crises

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Otilia Manta
Keyword(s):  
Business Environment ◽  
State Aid ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Funding Programs ◽  
Severe Recession ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Direct Measures ◽  
The Eu

The COVID-19 pandemic involves the major risk of a severe recession, and of the economic, financial, social, educational crises, which will affect the entire EU economy, with consequences for citizens, businesses, jobs, and households. In order to guarantee the continued availability of sufficient liquidity on the market, to counteract the damage caused to healthy enterprises and to maintain the continuity of economic activity during the epidemic and after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to develop a plan of measures and solutions. supporting the European economy, both through direct measures of state aid, as well as through measures to support/develop/innovate the business environment through the EU funding programs allocated at the level of the Member States both in the period 2014-2020, but more elected 2021-2027, the effects of the current crisis being both short term, but especially in the medium and long term. Among the objectives pursued we propose: identification and proposal of state aid measures to support the economy in the context of the current epidemic of COVID-19 through close coordination at European level of the aid measures; estimating the impact of temporary state aid measures on the European economy through the intervention of the European Commission; and ways to attract European funds for the business environment through the European Union funding programs existing in the budget for the period 2014-2020, but especially for the period 2021-2027.

Przezwyciężanie kryzysu w procesie integracji europejskiej, poprzez zmiany regulacji dotyczących rozliczalności w podejmowaniu decyzji w UE, w wymiarze makroekonomicznym i fiskalnym

2016 ◽  
pp. 10-23
Author(s):  
Anna Sroka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Democratic Deficit ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Quality Of Democracy ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This article concerns the impact of the crisis on the manner in which the European Union functions, with particular attention paid to the issue of accountability. The analysis of particular legal solutions adopted since the eruption of the economic crisis enables capturing of the changes that have occurred with respect to the functioning of democracy in the EU. This facilitates the search for an answer to the following research questions: during times of crisis, do transformations lead to improvements in the quality of democracy, or do they rather deepen the existing democratic deficit, particularly in respect of accountability? Are modifications to mechanisms governing the functioning of democracy in the EU helping to overcome both shortand long-term crises in the integration process? In order to find answers to these questions, an analysis has been performed of the changes made to regulations addressing governance in the European Union in the macroeconomic and fiscal sphere implemented between 2008 and 2013.

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