scholarly journals Electrochemical desalination of nacl solutions by electrosorption on nano-porous carbon aerogel electrodes

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-615 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Carbon Aerogel ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Chemical Inertness ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
High Specific Area

<div> <p>The objective of this study is to elucidate the efficiency of electrosorption on desalination of aqueous NaClsolution using nano-structured carbon aerogel electrodes. The experiments were performed in an electrosorption cell consisting of a pair of carbon aerogel sheets separated by a 0.5cm spacer. The electrosorption performance is investigated with different applied voltages and solution concentrations. It increases with increasing applied voltage, higher concentration gradient and less double-layer overlapping effect. Under the experimental conditions at the optimum applied voltage of 1.2 Volt and initial NaCl concentration 100 - 1000 mg l<sup>-1</sup>, the electrosorption capacity was found to be 5.20 - 14.22 mg NaCl/g carbon aerogel.Na<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>-</sup> ions are electro-absorbed at the electrical double layer without electron transfer redox reactions at anode and cathode. The good electrosorption performance of carbon aerogel electrodes might be attributed to their high specific area, high electrical conductivity, chemical inertness and optimal pore size distribution for the passage and easy movement of ions during electrosorption and electrodesorption. The process is reversible, as the electrode charge/discharge procedure can be repeated innumerable times without any significant loss of salt sorption capacity in all cycles.&nbsp;</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

Electric Double Layer Capacitor of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes under Different Degree of Acid Oxidations

2014 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 186-191
Author(s):  
Eduardo Saito ◽  
Vagner Eduardo Caetano ◽  
Erica Freire Antunes ◽  
Anderson Oliveira Lobo ◽  
Fernanda Roberto Marciano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Double Layer Capacitor ◽  
Acid Washing ◽  
Chemical Vapor Depostion ◽  
High Specific Area

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are a material with unique properties (mechanical, electrical, electrochemical, etc) allied with low density and high specific area. The present paper studied the electrochemical properties of carbon nanotubes growth by Chemical Vapor Depostion (CVD) technique. The samples were characterized by SEM, Raman Spectroscopy and the double layer capacitance of the powders was evaluated in a Teflon capacitor system with a Ag/AgCl (3M) as reference electrode. The catalyst remotion is provided in Hydrochloric acid washing and the wet oxidative treatments promotes the CNT oxidation and increase the pseudocapacitive response.

Synthesis and characterization of pecan nutshell-based adsorbent with high specific area and high methylene blue adsorption capacity

2019 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 570-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo H.C. Lima ◽  
Rogério S. Maniezzo ◽  
Maria E.G. Llop ◽  
Vincente L. Kupfer ◽  
Pedro A. Arroyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Methylene Blue Adsorption ◽  
Pecan Nutshell ◽  
High Specific Area

Preparation and Characterization of Electro-Spun Fabricated Ag–TiO2 Composite Nanofibers and Its Enhanced Photo-Catalytic Activity for the Degradation of Congo Red

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 7988-7996
Author(s):  
Arvind H. Jadhav ◽  
Hongliang Zhang ◽  
Frank O. Agyemang ◽  
Vishwanath Hiremath ◽  
Kyuyoung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congo Red ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Composite Nanofibers ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Solar Light ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Subsequent Step

Electro-spun fabricated TiO2 nanofibers were prepared by simple electro-spinning method, in subsequent step silver (Ag) was deposited using precipitation method and obtained Ag-TiO2 composite nanofibers. The properties and morphology of these prepared composite nanofibers were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX, and TGA. The prepared electro-spun composite nanofibers were applied as catalyst for the photodegradation of Congo-red under immited solar light in aqueous solution. Result reveals that, Ag loaded TiO2 composite nanofibers were effectively increased photodegradation of Congo red compared with pure TiO2 nanofibers in analogous condition. As a result, 92.0% decomposition of Congo red was obtained by using 5 wt% of Ag loaded TiO2 composite nanofibers at room temperature in short reaction time using 300 W of solar light. In addition, photodegradation of Congo red was also studied under different experimental conditions such as amount of Ag loaded in TiO2 nanofibers and contact time. Moreover, we also studied sintering effect on TiO2 nanofibers and their consequent effect on photodegradation reaction. After completion of reaction, the nanofibers can be easily separated by filtration process and reused several times without significant loss of activity. Overall study reveals that, Ag–TiO2 composite nanofibers were strongly enhanced the surface activity for the photo catalytic degradation of Congo red under ambient condition.

Modulation Of PGI2-Like Activity Of Human Endothelial Cells By An Extracellular Collagen Matrix

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
K M Spiegel ◽  
S F Mohammad ◽  
H Y K Chuang ◽  
R G Mason
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cell Lysates ◽  
Collagen Coating ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were grown on several artificial matrices including collagen and on unmodified plastic dishes. Freeze thaw preparations of confluent monolayer endothelial cell cultures were assayed for PGI2-like activity by testing for inhibition of platelet a88regation. The cells grown on a collagen matrix expressed slightly less PGI2-like activity initially compared to the cells grown on plastic. When the PGI2like activity of the cell lysates was examined over a period of three hours after the initial preparation, endothelial cells grown on a collagen matrix exhibited a more rapid loss of activity. Preliminary quantitative evaluations suggest that lysates derived from cells grown on unmodified plastic retained 75% PGI2 like activity at 15 min, at which point collagen grown cells exhibited essentially no PGI2-like activity. Furthermore, as shown in the figure, under identical experimental conditions, cell lysates obtained from endothelial cells grown on unmodified plastic continued to express approximately 50% of the initial PGI2-like activity after one hour. Since addition of purified PGI2 or cell lysates in vitro to the collagen coating used as tissue culture substrate failed to cause any significant loss of platelet aggregation inhibitory activity beyond the normal rate of decay of PGI2 it appears likely that the reduction of PGI2-like activity may be associated with changes in the substrate collagen, possibly effected by the endothelial cell layer. Alternatively, the reduction of activity may be related to differences in the endothelial cells caused by growth on the collagen substrate.

Effects of barium ions on tubuloglomerular feedback

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (5) ◽  
pp. F960-F966 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Schnermann
Keyword(s):  
Tubuloglomerular Feedback ◽  
K Channel ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Nacl Transport ◽  
Retrograde Perfusion ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Vasoconstrictor Response ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Flow Pressure

The furosemide sensitivity of the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) response has suggested an important role for the Na-2Cl-K cotransporter in the mechanism by which increased luminal NaCl concentration causes afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction. The present experiments in anesthetized rats were performed to evaluate the effect of K channel blockade with Ba on TGF, since Ba has been shown to inhibit NaCl transport in the thick ascending limb. The presence of either 1.5 or 2 mM BaCl2 during retrograde perfusion with a 135 mM NaCl solution reduced the decrease of early proximal flow rate (VEP) by 2.7 +/- 0.76 (P < 0.02) and 4.2 +/- 0.8 nl/min (P < 0.01) compared with perfusion without BaCl2. Retrograde perfusion with 38 mM NaCl + 5 mM KCl reduced VEP by 10.4 +/- 1.3 nl/min, whereas 40 mM NaCl + 1.5 mM BaCl2 caused a reduction by only 6.1 +/- 1.4 nl/min (P < 0.001). In contrast to the inhibition caused by retrograde perfusion with low concentrations of BaCl2, increased vasoconstriction was seen during retrograde perfusion with 5 mM BaCl2 or during orthograde perfusion with 10 mM BaCl2. The addition of 10(-4) M furosemide to a solution containing 5 mM BaCl2 largely blocked the increased vasoconstrictor response. Peritubular perfusion with a solution containing 5 mM BaCl2 caused a fall in stop-flow pressure in an adjacent nephron by 10.7 +/- 1.5 mmHg (P < 0.001). These results indicate that under our experimental conditions Ba ions exert a dual effect on vascular responses to changes in luminal NaCl concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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