scholarly journals ЛЕКСИКО-СТИЛІСТИЧНІ ОЗНАКИ КОНФЕСІЙНОЇ СФЕРИ В АНГЛІЙСЬКІЙ ТА УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ МОВАХ: ЗІСТАВНИЙ АСПЕКТ (ЧАСТИНА 2)

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-105
Author(s):  
Леонід Черноватий
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Lexical Diversity ◽  
Verbal Noun ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
Bible Translations ◽  
King James Bible ◽  
High Degree

The paper deals with the contrastive analysis of the Ukrainian (Ivan Ohiyenko) and English (King James Bible) translations of the Old Testament (Genesis, Chapter 1) with the purpose to establish their comparative lexical and stylistic features. The assessment of the stylistic devices in the Ukrainian (UTT) and English (ETT) target texts proves a high degree of their similarity. There is a considerable parallelism in the use of repetition, paraphrase, aphorisms, generic nouns, stylistically coloured lexemes, rhetorical address and homogenous elements’ structure. The polysyndeton is a distinctive feature of both texts as well as gradation and a systematic use of archaic or unusual words. The dissimilarities of the two texts include alliterative repetition in verse 10, a double-focus repetition and a weakened polysyndeton in verse 29 in ETT, repetition in ETT (verses 14-15) which appeared to be impossible in UTT due to the specifi c structure used there and the strengthened verb repetition in the refrain of each period in UTT. Other distinctions include a systematic use of the state verb (be) in ETT, whereas the UTT utilizes a range of dynamic verbs indicating the transition from one state to another; the use of two monotypic metaphors in ETT, as compared to neutral lexemes in UTT; or, conversely, the ETT counterpart of an elevated style word is stylistically neutral in UTT. Another divergence is the use of parceling in ETT, which shifts the stylistic emphasis to the parceled fragment, while in the UTT the preference is given to the double synonymic structure; the use of archaism, metaphor and synecdoche in ETT whereas they are absent in UTT. Other unilaterally used stylistic devices include personifi cation in ETT versus alliteration and assonance in UTT; the use of an infi nitive stricture in ETT and a verbal noun in UTT to render purpose; greater variability of attributes (prepositional, postpositional, subordinate clauses), as well as lexical stylistic means in UTT; greater phonetic and lexical diversity of generalizing attributes in UTT. Overall, a somewhat greater variety of lexical stylistic means in UTT may be assumed, although it can hardly be regarded as the latter’s advantage because the standards of stylistic acceptability substantially vary in diff erent languages and cultures. The scope of further research is outlined. Key words: English and Ukrainian languages, Bible (Genesis), comparative stylistics, comparative lexicology, confessional style, teaching translation and interpreting, comparative lexical and stylistic analysis, lexical and stylistic features.

Translating the ancestors: S. I. J. Schereschewsky's 1875 Chinese version of Genesis

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Eber
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Basic Assumption ◽  
Chinese Version ◽  
Chinese Translation ◽  
Bible Translations ◽  
Classical Chinese ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Protestant Christianity ◽  
Treaty Ports ◽  
Book Of Genesis

Partial and complete Bible translations into classical Chinese existed well before Protestant missionaries actually began to work actively among the Chinese. Translation work accelerated once missionaries gained a foothold in the newly opened treaty ports after 1842, and the entire Bible or portions of it were translated into Fuzhou, Amoy, Canton, Hakka, Suzhou, Ningbo and Shanghai dialects. S. I. J. Schereschewsky's (1831–1906) translation of the Old Testament (OT) into the northern vernacular in 1875 opened a new chapter. His translation was accessible to larger numbers of people and, in contrast to the OT in classical Chinese, was readily understood when read to the illiterate. Moreover, unlike previous translations, it was prepared entirely from the Hebrew original.The purpose of this essay is to examine some of Schereschewsky's views on translating and several of the techniques which he employed in rendering into Chinese the Book of Genesis. My basic assumption is that translation is an interpretative activity. When a text is transposed from one language into another, changes are introduced that are consonant with the receiving languages and culture. Translation is affected by interpretations from within the receptor tradition which, in turn, makes possible the acceptance of the translation and the ideas which it contains. Thus the Old (as well as the New) Testament translations represented one of the initial steps in the signification of Protestant Christianity.

scholarly journals Comparative and contrastive analysis of French conjunctive expressions «autant que», «d'autant que and d'autant plus que» and their Spanish equivalents

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (25) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Anna V. Solntseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
Equivalence Condition ◽  
Additional Reason ◽  
Three Components

The article is an attempt of a semantic and syntactic analysis of French complex conjunctions autant que, d'autant que and d'autant plus que. The author undertakes to find out which means of conjunction can be regarded as their equivalents in Spanish. The research is based on the data provided by dictionaries and translations of French fiction and press into Spanish. The article defines the grammatical status and lexical meaning of the conjunctions autant que, d'autant que and d'autant plus que and their Spanish equivalents, analyzes the conditions of their functioning in speech, reveals common features and differences in the fields of syntagmatics and paradigmatics. The conjunction autant que can denote a variety of meanings and their shades: comparison, limitation, equivalence, condition, concession. In Spanish it corresponds to tanto como, como, cuanto, hasta donde, según lo que, en lo que, todo lo que and the combination a más po + infinitive, cuando, por mucho que. French verbless constructions containing autant que can be translated by Spanish constructions containing lo que, lo mismo que, el mismo + noun + que, al mismo tiempo. French conjunctions d'autant plus que and d'autant que correspond in Spanish to tanto más cuanto que, tanto más cuanto, tanto más que. These conjunctions serve to indicate additional motivation for the action described in the mainsentence. They introduce subordinate clauses expressing additional reason and operate within constructions consisting of three components: the motivated message, the main reason, and the additional reason.

scholarly journals Micah 1, an apt introduction to power talks

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Wessels
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Sovereign Power ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
The People

Power and the abuse of it, is often an integral part of discussions in any society. The prophets of the Old Testament felt strongly about this issue and often spoke out against the abuse of power and the suffering caused by it. Micah particularly addresses this issue in chapters 2 and 3. He blames the leaders in society, who should look out for the ordinary people, that they in particular are guilty of this transgression. In chapter 1 Micah proclaims Yahweh as the sovereign power who they should take note off. On the very basis of Yahweh's sovereign power he then proclaims oracles of judgment on the people of Judah. Micah 1 seems to form an apt introduction to the talks of the abuse of power in the society of Judah.

Two Stages of Old Testament translation for the King James Bible

The Library ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol s6-II (1) ◽  
pp. 16-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWARD CRANEY JACOBS
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
King James Bible ◽  
Two Stages

scholarly journals Cultural Words in Sacral Text and their Translation: Linguistic and Extra-Linguistic Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-508
Author(s):  
Georgy T Khukhuni ◽  
Irina I Valuitseva ◽  
Anna A Osipova
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
The Bible ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Religious Cult ◽  
Linguistic Evolution ◽  
King James Bible ◽  
Holy Writ

The purpose of this article is to study the issue of key features of the so-called cultural words (realia) in sacred texts (the Bible is taken as an example) as well as a distinctive nature of their cross-language transfer. This problem is essential not only for the Bible translation as such but it also enables to clarify some aspects related to the representation of the vocabulary with cultural identity in the target language that is explained by the very nature of the Old and New Testaments containing a wide variety of the realia that refer directly to a religious cult and to the everyday life of Palestinian people and their neighborhood in the Bible times. The material for the present research includes versions of the Holy Writ created in different periods in a number of languages (Latin, Church Slavonic, Russian and English). While analyzing, the classical translations labelled often as “national” ones have been used (the King James Bible, Synodal Translation), as well and the versions created in the 20th and 21st centuries. The main approach applied herein is the identifying of the corresponding units in the said Bible texts, the ascertainment of the possibility of their ambivalent interpretation, the correlation within the considered versions of translation, the determination of translation strategies used for representing the realia and their comparative analysis. When considering the options presented, special attention has been paid to extra-linguistic factors, since they often play a decisive role in solving the said task. The key results of the made survey can be formulated as follows: 1) since translations could have been made from different versions of the source text, there are cases when certain realia are available in some translations but are missing in others; 2) the use of transcription / transliteration of the realia in Russian versions of the Old Testament in some cases is determined by their representation in the Greek and Church Slavonic texts of the Bible and therefore in both the Synodal and the new translations they can be presented in a form different from that available in European languages; 3) the representation of the Greek word diopetês ( fallen from heaven ) as the proper name Diopet in the Synodal Translation is usually qualified as an elementary mistake, but it could have been also provoked by an intention to follow Greek and Church Slavonic traditions; 4) the existence of the so-called ‘undefined realia’ in the source text, an exact meaning of which is not known, causes their various interpretations in the target language; 5) during the analysis of the units of the target language used in the translation of the Holy Writ, the diachronic aspect must be taken into account considering, on the one hand, the possibility of losing or changing the meaning in the course of linguistic evolution, and on the other hand, avoiding vesting the reality with the meaning that it could not have; 6) a number of translations made in recent decades are characterized by a pronounced pragmatic orientation, in some cases causing a significant neutralization of the national-cultural specificity or its adaptation to the corresponding cultural environment, the degree of admissibility of which in some cases is controversial. The above items enable to clarify a number of aspects related to the methods of translating the realia and the importance of such aspects for attaining the translation adequacy.

The Reception of the Septuagint in the Peshitta of Isaiah

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Attila Bodor
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Bible Translations ◽  
Masoretic Text ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIt is well known that the Old Testament Peshitta (P) shows several agreements with the Septuagint (LXX) against the Masoretic Text (MT). However, the relationship between these two ancient Bible translations has not yet been sufficiently clarified. There is a need to evaluate these LXX = P ≠ MT variants according to clear criteria, pointing out the nature of the LXX influence on the Syriac translators. The present study aims to contribute to meeting this need. The investigation focuses on the LXX and P parallels of the P version of Isaiah and seeks to set forth some criteria in order to assess them. It will be argued that the LXX variants in the P text of Isaiah may have emerged in three different ways: by means of the reception of the LXX text (literary dependency), the LXX interpretation, and the LXX theology.

scholarly journals A Stylistic Analysis of Divine-Prophetic Discourse in Biblical and Quranic Texts

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Riyadh Tariq Kadhim Al-Ameedi ◽  
Manar Kareem Mehdi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Method ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
Figures Of Speech ◽  
Biblical Texts

This paper attempts to identify the stylistic aspects of the language utilized in Divine-Prophetic discourse in Biblical and Quranic texts. Precisely, this work sets itself the task of answering the following question: what are the most prevalent stylistic devices implemented in this kind of discourse? Accordingly, the study aims at identifying the most common stylistic devices employed in Divine-Prophetic discourse and finding the interdifferences between Biblical and Quranic texts in this respect. It is hypothesized that Divine-Prophetic discourse utilizes certain stylistic techniques such as parallelism, repetition, alliteration, rhyme, simile, and metaphor. In order to achieve the aims of this paper and test its hypothesis, Leech and Short's (2007) categorization of figures of speech is utilized for the analysis of the data under scrutiny. Besides, a statistical method represented by the percentage equation is utilized for calculating the findings of analysis. The analysis is conducted on three Biblical texts taken from different books of the Old Testament and three Quranic texts taken from different suras of the Glorious Quran. Findings of the analysis reveal that the above hypothesis has been partially validated in the Biblical texts in that parallelism, repetition, alliteration, and simile have been widely implemented in these texts whereas rhyme and metaphor are not used at all. The same hypothesis, however, has been fully validated in the Quranic texts.

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