scholarly journals Morfoanatomía comparada del vástago adulto de Conyza bonariensis var. bonariensis y C. bonariensis var. angustifolia (Asteraceae)

Bonplandia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Perez ◽  
Nancy Mariel Apóstolo
Keyword(s):  
Conyza Bonariensis

Conyza bonariensis, una especie medicinal e importante maleza nativa de Argentina, está representada por las variedades C. bonariensis var. bonariensis y C. bonariensis var. angustifolia. El objetivo del trabajo es comparar morfológica y anatómicamente los vástagos de ambas variedades en su etapa adulta, con el fin de contribuir a su identificación. Se analizaron ejemplares en estado vegetativo y reproductivo recolectados de poblaciones naturales. Los vástagos fueron divididos en tres zonas, superior, media e inferior, para caracterizar su morfoanatomía por medio de técnicas convencionales para microscopía óptica y electrónica de barrido. Entre las características halladas con valor diagnóstico se describen el tamaño, forma y margen de las hojas, tipo de indumento, densidad de tricomas y de estomas, forma de las células del clorénquima en los tallos y tipo de mesófilo. Muchas de estas características no fueron constantes entre las distintas zonas del vástago analizado, particularmente en el vástago vegetativo. Estos resultados indican que existen caracteres morfoanatómicos cuali- y cuantitativos que permiten la identificación taxonómica de C. bonariensis a nivel infraespecífico, los cuales, a su vez, pueden variar según el tipo y zona del vástago adulto analizado.

scholarly journals Estudos anatômicos de folhas de espécies de plantas daninhas de grande ocorrência no Brasil: III - Galinsoga parviflora, Crotalaria incana, Conyza bonariensis e Ipomoea cairica

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.O. Procópio ◽  
E.A. Ferreira ◽  
E.A.M. Silva ◽  
A.A. Silva ◽  
R.J.N. Rufino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conyza Bonariensis

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a anatomia das folhas das espécies de plantas daninhas de grande ocorrência no Brasil: Galinsoga parviflora, Crotalaria incana, Conyza bonariensis e Ipomoea cairica, visando melhor entendimento sobre as barreiras que cada espécie impõe à penetração dos herbicidas e, assim, fornecer subsídios à busca de estratégias para superar esses obstáculos. As folhas completamente expandidas do terceiro ao quinto nó foram coletadas de plantas de ocorrência espontânea no campo. Das folhas de cada espécie foram obtidas três amostras da região central, com aproximadamente 1 cm², as quais foram utilizadas em estudos da estrutura e clarificação e em observações em microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV). Todas as espécies avaliadas são anfiestomáticas. A principal barreira foliar potencial à penetração de herbicidas observada na planta daninha G. parviflora foi a baixa densidade estomática na face adaxial. C. incana apresentou como possível principal obstáculo foliar à penetração de herbicidas o alto teor de cera epicuticular. Já em relação a C. bonariensis, alta densidade tricomática, grande espessura da cutícula da face adaxial e baixa densidade estomática na face adaxial foram as principais barreiras detectadas. Grande espessura da cutícula da face adaxial e baixa densidade estomática na face adaxial foram os possíveis obstáculos constatados nas folhas de I. cairica.

Lack of Cross-Resistance of Paraquat-Resistant Hairy Fleabane (Conyza bonariensis) to Other Toxic Oxygen Generators Indicates Enzymatic Protection is Not the Resistance Mechanism

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin C. Vaughn ◽  
Martin A. Vaughan ◽  
Patrick Camilleri
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Oxygen Generator ◽  
Conyza Bonariensis ◽  
Singlet Oxygen Generator ◽  
Chlorophyll Bleaching ◽  
Direct Measures ◽  
Hairy Fleabane

Cross-resistance of the paraquat-resistant (R) hairy fleabane to other compounds that accept electrons from photosystem I (PSI) or produce toxic oxygen species was determined by chlorophyll loss, electron microscopy, and chlorophyll fluorescence suppression. Although the R bioype is approximately 100 x more resistant to paraquat than the susceptible (S) biotype based upon the assays for tissue damage, little or no cross-resistance was observed to a number of other PSI electron acceptors, including the bipyridilium herbicide morfamquat. A low level of resistance (approximately 10-fold) was noted to diquat and the singlet oxygen generator rose bengal. As measured by chlorophyll fluorescence suppression, the R biotype was about 100-fold resistant to paraquat, but only 10-fold resistant to diquat, and exhibited no resistance to morfamquat. Because differences observed with this protocol are direct measures of the ability of the herbicide to reach the active site and the results correlate with the level of resistance observed by chlorophyll bleaching or electron microscopy, these data suggest that compartmentalization is the major factor in paraquat resistance in hairy fleabane.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of Soil and Vegetation in the Urban Habitats of New Industrial Cities in the Desert Landscape of Egypt

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monier Abd EL-GHANI ◽  
Reinhard BORNKAMM ◽  
Nadia EL-SAWAF ◽  
Hamdiya TURKY
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Home Garden ◽  
Public Gardens ◽  
The Public ◽  
Leptochloa Fusca ◽  
Sonchus Oleraceus ◽  
Industrial Cities ◽  
Conyza Bonariensis ◽  
Thymelaea Hirsuta ◽  
Plantago Lagopus

The relationship between vegetation and soil supporting the habitats in 4 new industrial cities were assessed. Five main habitats were distinguished from inner city toward outskirts: lawns, home gardens, public gardens, waste lands and desert outskirts. After application of Twinspan, 26 vegetation groups were identified in the 5 recognized habitats, demonstrating that some groups are chatracteristic of a certain city, e.g. Asphodelus aestivus - Deverra tortuosa - Thymelaea hirsuta group was confined to the desert habitat of Burg El-Arab city; Thymelaea hirsuta - Linaria albifrons and Atriplex halimus - Atriplex lindleyi subsp. inflata - Suaeda vermiculata - Typha domingensis groups were found in the waste lands of Burg El-Arab city; Conyza bonariensis - Cynodon dactylon - Sonchus oleraceus group in the home garden habitat of 10th Ranadan city; Cynodon dactylon group in the lawns of Burg El-Arab city; Bassia indica - Plantago major group in the public gardens of Burg El-Arab city; Oxalis corniculata - Plantago lagopus group in the public gardens of 10th Ramadan city; Sonchus oleraceus - Cynodon dactylon and Dactyloctenium aegyptium - Leptochloa fusca - Phragmites australis groups in the public gardens of 6th October city. Silt, clay, organic matter, carbonates and carbon contents showed significant diffrences among the 5 habitats.

Peripheral Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities of the Methanolic Extracts of Conyza bonariensis and its Fractions in Rodents Models

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
Ishfaq Ali Bukhari ◽  
Saeed Ahmed Sheikh ◽  
Nadeem Ahmad Shaikh ◽  
Asaad Mohamed Assiri ◽  
Anwar Hassan Gilani
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Conyza Bonariensis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Two New Glycosides from Conyza bonariensis

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqib Zahoor ◽  
Imran Nafees Siddiqui ◽  
Afsar Khan ◽  
Viqar Uddin Ahmad ◽  
Amir Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
2D Nmr ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Alkyl Glycoside ◽  
Conyza Bonariensis ◽  
C Nmr

Studies on Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronq. led to the isolation of two new glycosides trivially named as erigeside E and F (1–2), along with two new source compounds; benzyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (3) and 2-phenylethyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (4). Compounds 1, 3, and 4 are aromatic glycosides, while compound 2 is an alkyl glycoside. Their structures were elucidated through mass spectrometric, and 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic techniques, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HMQC, HSQC and HMBC.

scholarly journals Surveys in the Chrysanthemum Production Areas of Brazil and Colombia Reveal That Weeds Are Potential Reservoirs of Chrysanthemum Stunt Viroid

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Danielle Gobatto ◽  
Lucas Araújo de Oliveira ◽  
Daniel Andrade de Siqueira Franco ◽  
Nubia Velásquez ◽  
José-Antonio Daròs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Lupinus Polyphyllus ◽  
Chrysanthemum Stunt Viroid ◽  
Stunt Viroid ◽  
Conyza Bonariensis ◽  
Gomphrena Globosa ◽  
Mirabilis Jalapa ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Different Origins

The stunting disease, incited by chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd), has become a serious problem in chrysanthemum production areas worldwide. Here we identified 46 weed species from chrysanthemum fields in two producing regions of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The mechanical inoculation of these weeds with a Brazilian CSVd isolate revealed that this viroid was able to infect 17 of these species, in addition to chrysanthemum, tomato and potato. Plants of Oxalis latifolia and chrysanthemum naturally infected with CSVd were found in chrysanthemum fields in Colombia, which is the first CSVd report in that country. Therefore, weeds have the potential to act as reservoirs of CSVd in the field. These results are the first reports of experimental CSVd infection in the following species: Amaranthus viridis, Cardamine bonariensis, Chamaesyce hirta, Conyza bonariensis, Digitaria sanguinalis, Gomphrena globosa, Helianthus annuus, Lupinus polyphyllus, Mirabilis jalapa, Oxalis latifolia, Portulaca oleracea and Catharanthus roseus. The phylogenetic analyses of the CSVd variants identified herein showed three groups with Brazilian CSVd variants distributed in them all, which suggests that Brazilian CSVd isolates may have different origins through successive introductions of infected germplasm of chrysanthemum in Brazil.

Dominant pleiotropy controls enzymes co-segregating with paraquat resistance in Conyza bonariensis

1988 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Shaaltiel ◽  
N. -H. Chua ◽  
S. Gepstein ◽  
J. Gressel
Keyword(s):  
Conyza Bonariensis ◽  
Paraquat Resistance

scholarly journals Glyphosate and Saflufenacil: Elucidating Their Combined Action on the Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Conyza bonariensis

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Cristiano Piasecki ◽  
Ivan R. Carvalho ◽  
Luis A. Avila ◽  
Dirceu Agostinetto ◽  
Leandro Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Resistance Factor ◽  
Conyza Bonariensis ◽  
Individual Effects ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Combined Action

Synergic effects of glyphosate and saflufenacil have been reported to control Conyza spp. However, the mechanism of this synergic combination is unknown. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of the combination of glyphosate and saflufenacil on the control and resistance status of glyphosate-resistant (GR) C. bonariensis, as well as on oxidative stress and lipidic peroxidation. Glyphosate-resistant and glyphosate-sensitive (GS) biotypes were treated with different rates of saflufenacil, glyphosate, and glyphosate combined with saflufenacil. The combination of glyphosate (1480 g ae ha−1) and saflufenacil (≥15 g ha−1) presented the best control of GR plants compared with their individual effects. It also reduced the resistance factor from 19.6 to 4.6 (4.3-fold) and represents a good alternative for resistance management. The combination of glyphosate and saflufenacil resulted in higher oxidative stress and lipidic peroxidation compared with the effects of either herbicide alone. The oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation promoted by the combination of the herbicides occurred earlier after treatment and remained at higher levels over a longer period (12–192 h) compared with their individual results. The combined oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation at high levels over a long time is likely to be one reason that the combination of glyphosate and saflufenacil effectively controls GR C. bonariensis.

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