scholarly journals ON STUDY OF BOVINE PYROPLASMOSIS IN THE LOWLAND AND FOOTHILL ZONES OF ARMENIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Vardanyan ◽  
Movsesyan ◽  
Petrosyan ◽  
Nykogosyan
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Dermacentor Marginatus ◽  
Boophilus Annulatus ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Species Being

In two landscape zones of the Republic of Armenia, the regularities of the course of one of the most common haemosporidiosis in cattle, piroplasmosis, were studied. Based on our research, a difference was established in the timing of the onset of the disease, the number of outbreaks, and the severity of clinical signs in animals of the lowland and foothill zones. We have proved that 4 outbreaks of the disease took place in the farms of the lowland zone: the first at the end of April after the attack of ticks on the animal. At the same time, the first symptoms of the disease were noted. The second outbreak of the disease and a high degree of ticks were recorded in the second half of July. The third outbreak was in early August and the fourth in autumn starting from the 10th of October. In contrast to the lowland, there were 3 outbreaks of piroplasmosis in the farms of the foothill zone, and they were not very pronounced. This phenomenon can be explained by the difference in the temperature regime of the natural habitat. In the lowland zone, 4 species of ticks were recorded with the dominant species being Boophilus annulatus rarely found in the foothill zone. In the foothill zone, the same species of ticks as in the lowland were identified, along with the species Dermacentor marginatus.

scholarly journals Lumpy skin disease in Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukhit B. Orynbayev ◽  
Raikhan K. Nissanova ◽  
Berik M. Khairullin ◽  
Arman Issimov ◽  
Kunsulu D. Zakarya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Dermacentor Marginatus ◽  
The Third ◽  
Gpcr Gene ◽  
Mdbk Cells ◽  
The Republic

AbstractThis study describes the registration of the first cases of lumpy skin disease in July 2016 in the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the rural district of Makash, Kurmangazinsky district of Atyrau region, 459 cattle fell ill and 34 died (morbidity 12.9% and mortality 0.96%). To determine the cause of the disease, samples were taken from sick and dead animals, as well as from insects and ticks. LSDV DNA was detected by PCR in all samples from dead animals and ticks (Dermacentor marginatus and Hyalomma asiaticum), in 14.29% of samples from horseflies (Tabanus bromius), and in one of the samples from two Stomoxys calcitrans flies. The reproductive LSD virus was isolated from organs of dead cattle and insects in the culture of LT and MDBK cells. The virus accumulated in cell cultures of LT and MDBK at the level of the third passage with titers in the range of 5.5–5.75 log 10 TCID50/cm3. Sequencing of the GPCR gene allowed us to identify this virus as a lumpy skin disease virus.

STUDIES ON THE PRESERVATION OF BLOOD: VII. THE INFLUENCE OF INOSINE ON THE METABOLIC BEHAVIOR OF THE ERYTHROCYTE DURING THE PRESERVATION OF BLOOD IN THE COLD

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
D. Rubinstein ◽  
S. Kashket ◽  
Rhoda Blostein ◽  
O. F. Denstedt
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Organic Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Esters ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The Third ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Blood Specimens ◽  
Metabolic Behavior ◽  
High Degree

Inosine, like other purine nucleosides when added to preserved blood specimens, induces a resynthesis of organic phosphate esters in the erythrocytes. Apart from the difference in rates of reaction, the metabolic reconstitution of the cells is the same at 37° and 4 °C. The reconstitution of the esters occurs rapidly even at 4 °C, and the higher the concentration of inosine added, the more prolonged is the maintenance of the esters. When inosine was added repeatedly to blood samples during storage, a phase of synthesis was induced with each addition of nucleoside. The capacity of the erythrocytes to resynthesize 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid (DPG) remained normal regardless of the storage age of the sample but the capacity to replenish ATP decreased with the duration of storage. Addition of inosine at the end of the third week of cold storage can effect a high degree of restoration of metabolic viability in the cells at 4 °C within 24 hours.

scholarly journals Initial Multitarget Approach Shows Importance for Improved Caprine Arthritis-encephalitis Virus Control Program in Russia for Hobbyist Goat Farms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard A. Shuralev ◽  
Nail I. Khammadov ◽  
Konstantin A. Osyanin ◽  
Inna A. Elizarova ◽  
Gaysha R. Salmanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus ◽  
The Third ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
The Republic

Aim: The aim of this study was to use a multi target approach to testing with both serological tests and an in-house real-time molecular test to investigate the prevalence of the caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) in goats from three hobbyist farms in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. Materials and Methods: We have approached the detection of using a multi target approach testing with both ELISA and an in-house real-time PCR test to investigate the prevalence of CAEV in goats. Animals from three hobbyist farms were used in this study. The animals from two farms (n=13 for F1 and n=8 for F2) had clinical signs of arthritis and mastitis. In the third farm (n=15 for F3), all goats were homebred and had no contact with imported animals. Results: CAEV antibodies (ELISA targets TM env and gag genes) were detected in serum samples from two farms (F1 and F2), indicating a seroprevalence 87.50-92.31%. Specific CAEV antibodies were also detected in milk samples. CAEV proviral DNA was detected in 53.85-62.50%. Results from all tests performed in the third farm (F3) were negative, indicting all tests were 100% specific.Conclusion: Results of this work show that CAEV is circulating and present in small hobbyist goat farms in Russia. Serological and molecular tests could be of importance for CAEV control and eradication programs in Russia for hobbyist goat farms.

scholarly journals Small mammals of a forest reserve and adjacent stands of the Kelečská pahorkatina Upland (Czech Republic) and their effect on forest dynamics

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Suchomel ◽  
J. Urban
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Species Being

The community of small terrestrial mammals (STM) was studied on seven experimental plots characterizing forest stands in various stages of succession development and with different level of management from plantings through production/commercial stands to a forest reserve. Increased attention was paid to dominant species and their effects on the dynamics of the forest reserve. In total, eight species of STM were detected with the highest dominance and abundance of Apodemus flavicollis and Myodes glareolus. The total relative abundance of STM was significantly highest in plantings (P < 0.05). A. flavicollis was significantly most abundant in production beech stands (P < 0.05), differences in the abundance among the other STM species being insignificant. The highest diversity was also determined in plantings (P < 0.05) as typical ecotone sites. Different natural conditions of open and high forest sites were also reflected in different weight of specimens of dominant species of STM from these biotopes. In A. flavicollis, the difference was highly significant (P < 0.01) and in M. glareolus significant (P < 0.05). Both species significantly affected the forest reserve dynamics through the consumption of forest seeds, particularly of beechnuts (100% consumption of the 2007 crop). However, according to the proportion of natural regeneration from previous years, the reserve proved resistance to the impact of rodents caused by the consumption of seeds in a long-term horizon.

scholarly journals Structure of small rodent communities in orchards from the central part of the Republic of Moldova and Bacau district, Romania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Nistreanu ◽  
◽  
Dalia Paraschiv ◽  
Alina Larion ◽  
Veaceslav Sitnic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Small Rodent ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Reproductive Females ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Species Being

The studies were performed in the period 2008-2015 in orchards from the central part of the Republic of Moldova and Bacău County, Romania. In both areas 12 species rodent were registered, of which in central Moldova orchards the species R. norvegicus and P. subterraneus were not registered, while in Bacau orchards the species A. uralensis, M. rossiaemeridionalis and D. nitedula weren’t recorded. In CM orchards the dominant species was M. rossiaemeridionalis with about 30%, followed by A. sylvaticus and A. flavicollis. In BC orchards the dominant species was A. flavicollis with more that 41%, followed by A. sylvaticus and M. arvalis.The analysis of demographic structure in spring period showed a high proportion of reproductive females in all species, being the highest at M. rossiaemeridionalis in CM orchard and in A. flavicollis in BC orchard. The share of young individuals constituted up to 40% depending on the species being the highest at M. rossiaemeridionalis in CM orchard and in A. flavicollis in BC orchard. A significant difference in the area of the individual sectors of M.rossiaemeridionalis males and females in the orchard in summer (t = 3.46) and autumn (t = 3.39) was established, as well as for A. sylvaticus in the spring and summer period (t = 2.06; 2.03), and for A.uralensis in spring and autumn (t = 2.99; 3.44).

STUDIES ON THE PRESERVATION OF BLOOD: VII. THE INFLUENCE OF INOSINE ON THE METABOLIC BEHAVIOR OF THE ERYTHROCYTE DURING THE PRESERVATION OF BLOOD IN THE COLD

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rubinstein ◽  
S. Kashket ◽  
Rhoda Blostein ◽  
O. F. Denstedt
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Organic Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Esters ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The Third ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Blood Specimens ◽  
Metabolic Behavior ◽  
High Degree

Inosine, like other purine nucleosides when added to preserved blood specimens, induces a resynthesis of organic phosphate esters in the erythrocytes. Apart from the difference in rates of reaction, the metabolic reconstitution of the cells is the same at 37° and 4 °C. The reconstitution of the esters occurs rapidly even at 4 °C, and the higher the concentration of inosine added, the more prolonged is the maintenance of the esters. When inosine was added repeatedly to blood samples during storage, a phase of synthesis was induced with each addition of nucleoside. The capacity of the erythrocytes to resynthesize 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid (DPG) remained normal regardless of the storage age of the sample but the capacity to replenish ATP decreased with the duration of storage. Addition of inosine at the end of the third week of cold storage can effect a high degree of restoration of metabolic viability in the cells at 4 °C within 24 hours.

scholarly journals Initial Multitarget Approach Shows Importance for Improved Caprine Arthritis-encephalitis Virus Control Program in Russia for Hobbyist Goat Farms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard A. Shuralev ◽  
Nail I. Khammadov ◽  
Konstantin A. Osyanin ◽  
Inna A. Elizarova ◽  
Gaysha R. Lukmanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Third ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Control And Eradication

In this study we have approached the detection of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) using a multi target approach testing with both ELISA and an in-house real-time PCR test to investigate the prevalence of CAEV in goats from hobbyist farms in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. Animals from three hobbyist farms were used in this study. The animals from two farms (n=13 for F1 and n=8 for F2) had clinical signs of arthritis and mastitis. In the third farm (n=15 for F3), all goats were homebred and had no contact with imported animals. CAEV antibodies (ELISA targets TM ENV and GaG genes) were detected in serum samples from two farms (F1 and F2), indicating a seroprevalence 87.50-92.31%. Specific CAEV antibodies were also detected in milk samples. CAEV proviral DNA was detected in 53.85-62.50%. Results from all tests performed in the third farm (F3) were negative, indicting all tests apparent specificity of 100%. The results of this work show that CAEV is circulating and present in small hobbyist goat farms in Russia. Serological and molecular tests could be of importance for CAEV control and eradication programs in Russia for hobbyist goat farms.

scholarly journals Excess mortality analysis for Germany for all three COVID-19 waves in 2020 - 2021

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexej Weber
Keyword(s):  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
The Third ◽  
Baseline Mortality ◽  
Group Experiences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Almost All ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave

Background and Aims: The reported case and death numbers of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are often used to estimate the impact of COVID-19. We observe that during the second half of the first and second waves, the COVID-19 deaths are significantly higher than the excess mortality. We attribute the difference to the pre-dying effect. We then compare the excess mortality to the official COVID-19 death numbers and calculate the infection fatality rates (IFRs) and the percentage of infected individuals from excess mortality for different age bands. We also compare the impact of COVID-19 to past influenza waves and analyze the vaccination effect on excess mortality. Methods: We forecast the baseline mortality from official data on deaths in Germany. Distributing a part of excess mortality into the near future, we lower the baseline simulating the pre-dying effect. From there, we compare the excess mortality to official COVID-19 deaths. From the observed mortality deficit, we estimate the percentage of infected individuals and then estimate the age-dependent IFRs. Results: In the first wave, we find an overall excess mortality of ca. 8 000. For the second wave, the overall excess mortality adds up to ca. 56 000. We find, that the pre-dying effect explains the difference between the official COVID-19 deaths and excess mortality in the second half of the waves to a high degree. Attributing the whole excess mortality to COVID-19, we find that the IFRs are significantly higher in the second wave. In the third wave, we find an excess mortality in mid-age bands which cannot be explained by the official COVID-19 deaths. For the senior band 80+, we find results in favor of a strong and positive vaccination effect for the third COVID-19 wave. Conclusions: We conclude that in the first and second COVID-19 waves, the COVID-19 deaths explain almost all excess mortality when the pre-dying effect is taken into account. In the third wave in 2021, the excess mortality is not very pronounced for the 80+ age band, probably due to vaccination. The partially unvaccinated 40-80 age group experiences a pronounced excess mortality in the third wave while there are too few official COVID-19 deaths to explain the excess. The no-vaccination scenario for the 80+ age band results in a similarly high excess mortality as for the more younger age bands, suggesting a very positive vaccination effect on reduction of COVID-19 deaths.

scholarly journals PARTICULARITIES OF FOLLICULOGENESIS DURING THE OESTROUS CYCLE IN COWS WITH THE REPEAT BREEDING SYNDROME

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
M. I. Haurychenka ◽  
A. A. Levchenkov
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Follicle Growth ◽  
The Third ◽  
Maximum Duration ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
The Difference

Particularities of folliculogenesis during the oestrous cycle in cows with the repeat breeding syndrome were detected. It was found that the repeat breeders that previously had suffered from endometritis or retention of the placenta, as well as animals with post-oestrual metrorrhagia show considerable shifts in the dynamics of follicular growth both with two and three waves of follicular development. In repeat breeders with no genital patho-morphological abnormalities there were no found considerable changes in the dynamics of follicular development compared to healthy animals. The two-wave oestrous cycles were registered in 70.6% of repeat breeders in the absence of clinical signs of genital pathology; in 50% of cows with the repeat breeding syndrome that previously had had endometritis or retention of placenta; in 66.7% of cows with post-oestrual metrorrhagia and in 66.7% of healthy animals. In cows with two waves of follicle growth, the duration of the oestrous cycle was shorter (the difference between healthy animals and cows with post-oestrual metrorrhagia made 3.4 days, P<0.025). The duration of the 1st wave of follicular growth was shorter in animals with the three-wave follicular growth. The maximum duration of the 1st wave of follicular growth was registered in the repeat breeders that previously had endometritis or retention of placenta, as well as in the animals with post-oestrual metrorrhagia (7.6 and 8.3 days against 6.4 days in healthy cows, respectively, P<0.025). The duration of the 1st wave of follicular growth in cows with two waves of follicular development did not differ significantly. In healthy cows with two waves of follicular growth, in comparison with animals with the repeat breeding syndrome, the second growth wave was longer and averaged 10.5 days. It was the shortest in cows with post-oestrual metrorrhagia (7.3 days, P<0.05). The duration of this wave was significantly shorter in cows with endometritis and retention of placenta (8.6 days, P<0.05). In healthy cows with three growth waves of follicles, the duration of the 2nd growth wave was 8.6 days. The most significant changes in follicle growth were found in repeat breeders with three growth waves that had suffered from endometritis or retention of placenta, and in animals with the repeat breeding syndrome,and post estrual metrorrhagia. In cows with post-oestrual metrorrhagia the duration of the 2nd growth wave in comparison with healthy animals was shorter by 2.4 days (P>0.05), and the third wave, on the contrary, was longer by 1.2 days (P<0.1).

Murder Among Relatives

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-65
Author(s):  
Filippo Carlà-Uhink
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Special Position ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

AbstractThis article provides a thorough analysis of two Roman institutions: the vitae necisque potestas and the regulation of parricidium. Moving from the traditional interpretations of these institutions, connected to a supposedly very high degree of violence inside Roman families, the article demonstrates that they were no relicts of an “archaic” society, but a specific historical formation, connected with the “cultural revolution” of the third and second centuries BCE. In particular, this article shows that both the power of the pater familias to kill his relatives (which was not as absolute as often assumed) and the special position taken by the murder of relatives in the Roman juridical system and mentality, must be read against the background of the negotiation between the central institutions of the Republic and the autonomy sphere of the gentes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document