Advancing Educational Policy by Advancing Research on Instruction

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen W. Raudenbush
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Causal Inference ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Multilevel Methods ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Central Interest ◽  
The Impact

Understanding the impact of “instructional regimes” on student learning is central to advancing educational policy. Research on instructional regimes has parallels with clinical trials in medicine yet poses unique challenges because of the social nature of instruction: A child’s potential outcome under a given regime depends on peers and teachers, requiring the need for multilevel methods of causal inference. The author considers studies of the impact of intended versus experienced instructional regimes. Both are important; however, intended regimes are well measured and accessible to randomized trials, whereas experienced instruction is measured with error and not amenable to randomization. Multiyear sequences of experienced instruction are of central interest but pose special methodological challenges. A 2-year study of intensive mathematics instruction illustrates these ideas.

“It’s Real, It’s Much More Real”: An Exploration of Values Based Reflective Practice ® as a Reflective Tool

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Reflective Practice ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Positive Coping ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Relationships ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Courageous Conversations

Values Based Reflective Practice (VBRP®) is a group reflection framework widely utilized within healthcare settings across Scotland, where groups of colleagues meet and discuss their workplace-based experiences using the VBRP® structure. The VBRP® model has previously been noted within HSCC as assisting “courageous conversations” about working in a caring vocation (Bunniss, 2021a, 2021b). Despite its national platform, however, there has been limited evaluation of VBRP®. Aim: This study explores the impact of VBRP® as a reflective tool among undergraduate medical students. Method: A qualitative action research methodology was used. Results: Three themes were identified from the data: overcoming barriers to reflection during VBRP®; enhancing reflection through the social nature of VBRP®; participants’ perceptions of reflection through the lens of VBRP®. Conclusion: VBRP® enabled deeper, more authentic reflection and enhanced written reflection abilities due to its social nature. It promoted the formation of peer support networks and positive coping mechanisms among medical students. Teamworking and group relationships were also improved.

Impact of Consensus Papers versus Randomized Trials in Critical Care Nephrology

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 708-712
Author(s):  
John A. Kellum
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Impact Factor ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Consensus Conference ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Consensus Conferences ◽  
The Impact

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Reports of consensus conferences are usually valued less than reports of clinical trials even when rigorous methodology is used. However, limited data are available comparing the impact of these 2 methods of shaping clinical practice. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> Compare the publication impact of consensus conferences and clinical trials. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Consensus publications from the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) from 2002 through 2017 were identified and classified by subject matter. Randomized trials were identified in the same publication year and subject in journals, starting with the highest impact factor. Both publication types were matched, and total citations were determined for each using Google Scholar. A secondary analysis compared total costs for each publication type. <b><i>Results and Conclusions:</i></b> Seventeen ADQI consensus conference reports and 17 randomized trials were identified. ADQI reports received a similar number of citations per paper (median, interquartile range) compared to randomized trials (132, 54–228; vs. 159, 60–340, <i>p</i> = ns). Similarly, 10 (58.8%) ADQI reports and 10 randomized trials were cited &#x3e;100 times. On average, ADQI reports appeared in journals with lower impact factors compared to clinical trials (5.4 ± 4.6 vs. 25.4 ± 27.1; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). The median cost per citation (USD 2017) for ADQI reports was USD 606.01 compared to almost twice this figure, USD 1,182.59, for clinical trials on the same topics (<i>p</i> = 0.09). Despite being published in lower impact factor journals, consensus reports on topics in critical care nephrology, received similar citations to randomized controlled trials published the same year.

Activism in a time of pandemic: The impact of COVID-19 in Chilean citizen movement after the uprising of October 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Bronfman
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Entire World ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Chile, unlike other countries in the region, is facing two major crises: one of a large social nature and the other in public health, which is in its form of the pandemic that is currently affecting the entire world. In October 2019, secondary-school and university students organized a massive evasion of the Santiago metro fare. The reason was to protest the 30 pesos increase in the cost of the ticket. This apparently small issue detonated the greatest protest movement of the last 30 years. By January 2019, the uprising had left 31 dead and 5,558 people who reported human rights violations, including 331 with ocular trauma or injury to their eyes and 21 suffered damage or loss of the eyeball. In March 2019, protests were eradicated from the streets and the development of the movement was slowed down by the powerful action of the Coronavirus. This article explores the impact that the COVID-19 crisis had on citizen movement, and the functionality of the health crisis to establish the de facto authoritarian hyper-controlled state in order to freeze the social crisis. Also, this work identifies the strategy that the Chilean citizen movement developed to survive during 2020, applying Pleyers’s (2020) model of analysis of activism under pandemic as a starting point.

Problems with the MetaBLIND study: An examination of data on blinding patients in trials with patient-reported outcomes

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910532110593
Author(s):  
Michiel Tack
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trial Participants

MetaBLIND is the largest meta-epidemiological study on the impact of blinding in randomized trials to date. We examined MetaBLIND data on the impact of blinding patients on patient-reported outcomes. 68 out of 132 included trials tested knowledge recall and had questionable relevance to clinical trials. In 17 out of 18 comparisons, the number of trials in the blinded or nonblinded group was 2 or lower. In several key trials, the blinding status was uncertain. Effect sizes compared in MetaBLIND appear to reflect random differences in study design and setting rather than the impact of blinding trial participants.

scholarly journals Globalization and the social justice agenda for education: Moving from critique to possibilities

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvette Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Offers

This paper analyzes the complexities of addressing the impact of globalization on educational policy. The intent is to engage in a constructive debate about education and equity in a globalized context. Although despair is sometimes inevitable, and is, oftentimes, manifested in a continuing critique of the detrimental effects of globalization on issues of equity and social justice in education, it is not the end. It could serve as the beginning of something that is not just different and redemptive but also forward thinking. There are three parts to this paper: the first offers multiple perspectives for viewing globalization followed by an analysis of the impact on issues of equity and social justice. Lastly, an abridged version of a conceptual model adapted from Ghosh (2004) aims at renegotiating cultural space in an ever-shifting milieu is discussed as a viable possibility.

scholarly journals TARGETS OF STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL POLICY OF UKRAINE UNDER INTEGRATION INTO THE EUROPEAN EDUCATIONAL AREA: SOCIAL AND PERSONAL DIMENSIONS OF CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL INTEGRITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Victor Bondarenko ◽  
Alla Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Educational Policy ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
State Education Policy ◽  
Research Institution ◽  
State Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The One ◽  
The Eu

The authors of the article analyse the social and personal dimensions of the targets of the strategic development of educational policy of Ukraine under integration into the European educational space in their cultural and historical integrity. On the examples of comparison of foreign experience, achievements of modern progressive democracies, it is explained that the path of Ukrainian state formation determines the need for optimal civilizational choice of priorities, based on which - education and upbringing of the nation. It is shown that in contrast to the EU, where the strategic basis in the field of education and training is determined by teachers, in Ukraine the problem of teacher training, deepening the content of their education, decent financial rewards, etc. is not only obvious but also glaring. Further integration of the country into the world economic and cultural space encourages the synchronization of the Ukrainian education with European. It is proved that the issues of concretization of value content and development of methodology for training competent specialists in the field of educational policy for Ukraine, on the one hand, and personal and professional selection, training for work in the field of state education policy - on the other are important. The necessity of creating an educational and research institution in Ukraine - the Institute for Educational Policy Research - is substantiated.

Criminology, Economics, and Public Policy

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Conyers
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Criminal Justice Policy ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Simplified Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Economic and crime issues are closely related, just as the disciplines of economics and criminology bear close resemblance in their approaches to public policy. Criminologists have neglected the impact of economic conditions on crime, just as economists often overlook the social costs—including increased crime—of the policies they prescribe. Professionals in both fields subscribe to an overly simplified model of human affairs that has the effect of protecting society's reputation while casting blame for society's ills on the victims. At a time when Congress is facing critical decisions with respect to criminal justice policy, the participation of crimi nologists in the formation of these policies remains negligible. A commit ment by criminologists to policy research that examines the links between economic conditions and crime would constitute an enlightened approach to crime control.

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