Policy Implementation and Cognition: Reframing and Refocusing Implementation Research

2002 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P Spillane ◽  
Brian J Reiser ◽  
Todd Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Education Policy ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Implementation Research ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
Cognitive Framework ◽  
Policy Challenge ◽  
Beliefs And Attitudes

Education policy faces a familiar public policy challenge: Local implementation is difficult. In this article we develop a cognitive framework to characterize sense-making in the implementation process that is especially relevant for recent education policy initiatives, such as standards-based reforms that press for tremendous changes in classroom instruction. From a cognitive perspective, a key dimension of the implementation process is whether, and in what ways, implementing agents come to understand their practice, potentially changing their beliefs and attitudes in the process. We draw on theoretical and empirical literature to develop a cognitive perspective on implementation. We review the contribution of cognitive science frames to implementation research and identify areas where cognitive science can make additional contributions.

Film Music from the Perspective of Cognitive Science

2013 ◽  
pp. 95-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabel J. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Film Music ◽  
Background Music ◽  
Cognitive Perspective

This chapterexamines how the effects of film music on meaning, memory, and the construction of a reality within a film can be addressed or understood from a cognitive scientific perspective. It reviews studies that aim to explain why music is important to film as well as how music functions in film, and it discusses the principles of cognitive science and cognitive perspective. It also considers the Congruence-Associationist Model for understanding filmmusic, which was developed to account for the fact that the attitudes toward three geometric film characters were affected differently by background music.

A missing link: a distributed cognitive perspective on fit

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayanga Bandara Herath
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
Missing Link ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Narrow Focus ◽  
Cognitive Framework ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Complex Social Systems

PurposeThis article presents a cognitive framework to study dynamic/adaptive aspects of a collection of popular fit measures used in organisation research, in an attempt to highlight what there is to be gained.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a distributed e-cognition (DEC) framework to examine the current organisational literature of fit measures.FindingsThis paper highlights that most measures have a rather narrow focus and do not address dynamic/adaptive aspects in complex social systems (e.g. organisations). To both provide a way to integrate fit measures and cover the cognition gap in this literature, this article highlights the need for a more sophisticated measure.Originality/valueThis paper provides a novel approach to examining organisational fit literature through a distributed (e)-cognitive framework.

scholarly journals Understanding the implementation of evidence-informed policies and practices from a policy perspective: a critical interpretive synthesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather L Bullock ◽  
John N Lavis ◽  
Michael G Wilson ◽  
Gillian Mulvale ◽  
Ashleigh Miatello
Keyword(s):  
Grey Literature ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Implementation Theory ◽  
Policy Perspective ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
Critical Interpretive Synthesis ◽  
Way Of Thinking

Abstract Background: The fields of implementation science and knowledge translation have evolved somewhat independently from the field of policy implementation research, despite calls for better integration. As a result, implementation theory and empirical work do not often reflect the implementation experience from a policy lens nor benefit from the scholarship in all three fields. This means policymakers, researchers and practitioners may find it challenging to draw from theory that adequately reflects their implementation efforts.Methods: We developed an integrated theoretical framework of the implementation process from a policy perspective by combining findings from these fields using the critical interpretive synthesis method. We began with the compass question: how is policy currently described in implementation theory and processes and what aspects of policy are important for implementation success? We then searched 12 databases as well as grey literature and supplemented these documents with other sources to fill conceptual gaps. Using a grounded and interpretive approach to analysis, we built the framework constructs, drawing largely from the theoretical literature and then tested and refined the framework using empirical literature.Results: A total of 11,434 documents were retrieved and assessed for eligibility and 35 additional documents were identified through other sources. Eighty-six unique documents were ultimately included in the analysis. Our findings indicate that policy is described as: 1) the context; 2) a focusing lens; 3) the innovation itself; 4) a lever of influence; 5) an enabler/facilitator or barrier; or 6) an outcome. Policy actors were also identified as important participants or leaders of implementation. Our analysis led to the development of a two-part conceptual framework, including process and determinant components. Conclusions: This framework begins to bridge the divide between disciplines and offers a new way of thinking about implementation processes at the systems level. It offers researchers, policymakers and implementers with a new way of thinking about implementation and can be used for planning or evaluating implementation efforts.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Implementation Process of the Mobile Health Platform ‘WelTel’ in Six Sites in East Africa and Canada Using the Modified Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (mCFIR)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia El Joueidi ◽  
Kevin Bardosh ◽  
Richard Musoke ◽  
Binyam Tilahun ◽  
Maryam Abo Moslim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Research ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
User Friendliness ◽  
Domain 3 ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Background: Health systems globally are investing in integrating secure messaging platforms for virtual care in clinical practice. Implementation science is essential for adoption, scale-up, spread and maintenance of complex evidence-based solutions in clinics with evolving priorities. In response, the mHealth Research Group modified the existing Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (mCFIR) to evaluate implementation of virtual health tools in clinical settings. WelTel® is an evidence-based digital health platform widely deployed in various geographical and health contexts. Objectives: To identify the facilitators and barriers for implementing WelTel and to assess the application of the mCFIR tool in facilitating focus groups in different geographical and health settings. Methodology: Both qualitative and semi-quantitative approaches were employed. Six mCFIR sessions were held in three countries with 51 key stakeholders surveyed. The mCFIR tool consists of 5 Domains and 25 Constructs and was built and distributed through Qualtrics XM. “Performance ” and “Importance” scores were valued on a scale of 0 to 10 (Mean + SD). Descriptive analysis was conducted using R computing software. NVivo 12 Pro software was used to analyze mCFIR responses and to generate themes from the participants’ input. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the focus group facilitators to understand their experience using the mCFIR tool. Results: We observed a parallel trend in the scores for Importance and Performance. Of the five Domains, Domain 4 (End-user Characteristics) and Domain 3 (Inner Settings) scored highest in Importance (8.9 + 0.5 and 8.6 + 0.6, respectively) and Performance (7.6 + 0.7 and 7.2 + 1.3, respectively) for all sites. Domain 2 (Outer Setting) scored the lowest in both Importance and Performance for all sites (7.6 + 0.4 and 5.6 + 1.8). Areas of strengths included timely diagnosis, immediate response, cost-effectiveness, user-friendliness, and simplicity. Areas for improvement included training, phone accessibility, health authority’s engagement, and literacy. Conclusion: The mCFIR tool allowed for a comprehensive understanding of the barriers and facilitators to the implementation, reach, and scale-up of digital health tools. Participants emphasized the importance of creating partnerships with external organizations and health authorities in order to achieve sustainability and scalability.Trial Registration: NCT02603536 – November 11, 2015NCT01549457 – March 9, 2012

scholarly journals Exploring Students’ Descriptions of Mutation from a Cognitive Perspective Suggests How to Modify Instructional Approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. ar45
Author(s):  
FangFang Zhao ◽  
Anita Schuchardt
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Instructional Approaches ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
Relevant Concept ◽  
Scientific Phenomena ◽  
Written Explanations

Prior studies have shown that students have difficulty understanding the role of mutation in evolution and genetics. However, little is known about unifying themes underlying students’ difficulty with mutation. In this study, we examined students’ written explanations about mutation from a cognitive science perspective. According to one cognitive perspective, scientific phenomena can be perceived as entities or processes, and the miscategorization of processes as entities can lead to noncanonical ideas about scientific phenomena that are difficult to change. Students’ incorrect categorization of processes as entities is well documented in physics but has not been studied in biology. Unlike other scientific phenomena that have been studied, the word “mutation” refers to both the process causing a change in the DNA and the entity, the altered DNA, making mutation a relevant concept for exploration and extension of this theory. In this study, we show that, even after instruction on mutation, the majority of students provided entity-focused descriptions of mutation in response to a question that prompted for a process-focused description in a lizard or a bacterial population. Students’ noncanonical ideas about mutation occurred in both entity- and process-focused descriptions. Implications for conceptual understanding and instruction are discussed.

A world-involving theory of agency: review of Sensorimotor Life: An Enactive Proposal by Ezequiel Di Paolo, Thomas Buhrmann, and Xabier Barandiaran. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2017

2020 ◽  
pp. 105971232097667
Author(s):  
Susana Ramírez-Vizcaya
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Internal Representations ◽  
Conceptual Clarification ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Sensorimotor Theory ◽  
Representational World ◽  
Proper Account ◽  
Oxford University Press

Sensorimotor theory of perception has been criticized for its ambiguity about the need for internal representations and the lack of a proper account of agency and subjective experience. The book under review offers a compelling non-representational, world-involving interpretation, and operationalization of this theory, showing that alternatives to representationalism are viable. It also provides a thought-provoking theory of sensorimotor agency and the pre-reflective experience of action that builds on the enactive notions of autonomy and sense-making. The account provided in this book fits into a radically embodied, enactive, and extended cognitive science. However, the notion of the environment requires further conceptual clarification by the enactive camp.

Enactive neuroscience, the direct perception hypothesis, and the socially extended mind

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Froese
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Extended Mind ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Direct Perception ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Mental Processes ◽  
Cognition And Emotion ◽  
Spatial Extension

AbstractPessoa's The Cognitive-Emotional Brain (2013) is an integrative approach to neuroscience that complements other developments in cognitive science, especially enactivism. Both accept complexity as essential to mind; both tightly integrate perception, cognition, and emotion, which enactivism unifies in its foundational concept of sense-making; and both emphasize that the spatial extension of mental processes is not reducible to specific brain regions and neuroanatomical connectivity. An enactive neuroscience is emerging.

scholarly journals Enactivismo y valoración. Cómo superar la querella entre teorías somáticas y cognitivas de las emociones

Daímon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Melamed
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Cognitive Framework

En este trabajo me propongo mostrar que es posible abordar el fenómeno emocional, atendiendo especialmente a los focos de conflicto entre cognitivistas y no cognitivistas, pero de un modo ligeramente distinto, sin buscar acomodar o subsumir el fenómeno emocional a partir de los estándares existentes, sino poniéndolos en duda. Específicamente, buscaré mostrar cómo ciertos conceptos adquieren nuevo significado en el del marco postcognitivista y permiten dar nuevas (y mejores) respuestas a viejos problemas. In this work my aim is to show that it is possible to approach emotions, paying special attention to the sources of conflict between cognitivists and non-cognitivists, but in a slightly different way, without seeking to accommodate the emotional phenomenon within the standards of cognitive science, but questioning them. Specifically, I will show how certain concepts acquire new meaning in the post-cognitive framework and allow new (and better) answers to old problems.

scholarly journals Understanding the implementation of evidence-informed policies and practices from a policy perspective: a critical interpretive synthesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather L Bullock ◽  
John N Lavis ◽  
Michael G Wilson ◽  
Gillian Mulvale ◽  
Ashleigh Miatello
Keyword(s):  
Grey Literature ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Implementation Theory ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Policy Perspective ◽  
Critical Interpretive Synthesis ◽  
Way Of Thinking

Abstract Background: The fields of implementation science and knowledge translation have evolved somewhat independently from the field of policy implementation research, despite calls for better integration. As a result, implementation theory and empirical work do not often reflect the implementation experience from a policy lens nor benefit from the scholarship in all three fields. This means policy-makers, researchers and practitioners may find it challenging to draw from theory that adequately reflects their implementation efforts.Methods: We developed an integrated theoretical framework of the implementation process from a policy perspective by combining findings from these fields using the critical interpretive synthesis method. We began with the compass question: how is policy currently described in implementation theory and processes and what aspects of policy are important for implementation success? We then searched 12 databases as well as grey literature and supplemented these documents with other sources to fill conceptual gaps. Using a grounded and interpretive approach to analysis, we built the framework constructs, drawing largely from the theoretical literature and then tested and refined the framework using empirical literature.Results: A total of 7850 documents were retrieved and assessed for eligibility and 34 additional documents were identified through other sources. Eighty-two unique documents were ultimately included in the analysis. Our findings indicate that policy is described as: 1) the context; 2) a focusing lens; 3) the innovation itself; 4) a lever of influence; 5) an enabler/facilitator or barrier; or 6) an outcome. Policy actors were also identified as important participants or leaders of implementation. Our analysis led to the development of a two-part conceptual framework, including process and determinant components. Conclusions: This framework begins to bridge the divide between disciplines and offers a new way of thinking about implementation processes at the systems level. It offers researchers, policy-makers and implementers with a new way of thinking about implementation and can be used for planning or evaluating implementation efforts.

scholarly journals Implementation Science in Nutrition: Concepts and Frameworks for an Emerging Field of Science and Practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Tumilowicz ◽  
Marie T Ruel ◽  
Gretel Pelto ◽  
David Pelletier ◽  
Eva C Monterrosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Science ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Implementation Research ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Implementation Quality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intervention Policy ◽  
Culture Of Inquiry ◽  
National Governments

AbstractMalnutrition in all its forms has risen on global and national agendas in recent years because of the recognition of its magnitude and its consequences for a wide range of human, social, and economic outcomes. Although the WHO, national governments, and other organizations have endorsed targets and identified appropriate policies, programs, and interventions, a major challenge lies in implementing these with the scale and quality needed to achieve population impact. This paper presents an approach to implementation science in nutrition (ISN) that builds upon concepts developed in other policy domains and addresses critical gaps in linking knowledge to effective action. ISN is defined here as an interdisciplinary body of theory, knowledge, frameworks, tools, and approaches whose purpose is to strengthen implementation quality and impact. It includes a wide range of methods and approaches to identify and address implementation bottlenecks; means to identify, evaluate, and scale up implementation innovations; and strategies to enhance the utilization of existing knowledge, tools, and frameworks based on the evolving science of implementation. The ISN framework recognizes that quality implementation requires alignment across 5 domains: the intervention, policy, or innovation being implemented; the implementing organization(s); the enabling environment of policies and stakeholders; the individuals, households, and communities of interest; and the strategies and decision processes used at various stages of the implementation process. The success of aligning these domains through implementation research requires a culture of inquiry, evaluation, learning, and response among program implementers; an action-oriented mission among the research partners; continuity of funding for implementation research; and resolving inherent tensions between program implementation and research. The Society for Implementation Science in Nutrition is a recently established membership society to advance the science and practice of nutrition implementation at various scales and in varied contexts.

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