Class Size and Eighth-Grade Math Achievement in the United States and Abroad

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suet-ling Pong ◽  
Aaron Pallas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Instructional Practices ◽  
Class Size ◽  
Math Achievement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eighth Grade ◽  
Science Study ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Using data from the Third International Math and Science Study (TIMSS), we examine the relationship between class size and eighth-grade math achievement in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Korea, Iceland, Singapore, and the United States. Class sizes tend to be greater and more homogenous in centralized education systems compared with those in decentralized systems. The United States seems to be unique among the countries in our study. After controlling for possible confounding characteristics of the teacher, school, and classroom, in no other country than the United States did we find a beneficial effect of small classes. Contrary to our expectations, we also found little evidence that smaller or larger classes differ in the amount of curriculum taught or in the instructional practices of teachers. Except for the case of Hong Kong, neither curricular coverage nor instructional practices mediates the relationship between class size and math achievement.

Modernization and Religious Concord

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-250
Author(s):  
David Weakliem
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
The United States ◽  
General Belief ◽  
Belief In God ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractTocqueville said that Americans combined a general belief in God with a lack of interest in denominational differences. Although this outlook may be particularly prevalent in the United States, it is also visible in other Western societies, although combined with lower levels of religious belief. This paper investigates the possibility of a relationship between a belief that there is truth in many religions and modernization, using data from the Gallup International Millenium Survey. The belief that there is truth in many religions is more prevalent in more affluent nations. Moreover, this belief does not seem to be merely an intermediate stage in a move away from religion. The relationship is about equally strong among people of all religious backgrounds. The tendency for modernization to lead to “religious concord” may help to explain the relationship between modernization and democracy noticed by Lipset.

scholarly journals Suicides in Young People in Ontario Following the Release of “13 Reasons Why”

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 798-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Sinyor ◽  
Marissa Williams ◽  
Ulrich S. Tran ◽  
Ayal Schaffer ◽  
Paul Kurdyak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Young People ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Youth Suicide ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Seasonal Model ◽  
Time Series Analyses ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: “13 Reasons Why,” a Netflix series, included a controversial depiction of suicide that has raised fears about possible contagion. Studies of youth suicide in the United States found an increase on the order of 10% following release of the show, but this has not been replicated in other countries. This study aims to begin to address that gap by examining the relationship between the show’s release and youth suicide in Canada’s most populous province. Methods: Suicides in young people (under the age of 30) in the province of Ontario following the show’s release on March 31, 2017, were the outcome of interest. Time-series analyses were performed using data from January 2013 to March 2017 to predict expected deaths from April to December 2017 with a simple seasonal model (stationary R 2 = 0.732, Ljung-Box Q = 15.1, df = 16, P = 0.52, Bayesian information criterion = 3.09) providing the best fit/used for the primary analysis. Results: Modeling predicted 224 suicides; however, 264 were observed corresponding to 40 more deaths or an 18% increase. In the primary analysis, monthly suicides exceeded the 95% confidence limit for 3 of the 9 months (May, July, and October). Conclusion: The statistical strength of the findings here is limited by small numbers; however, the results are in line with what has been observed in the United States and what would be expected if contagion were occurring. Further research in other locations is needed to increase confidence that the associations found here are causal.

Clarifying the Relationship Between Parenthood and Depression

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranae J. Evenson ◽  
Robin W. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Role Involvement ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Status Differences

Unlike other major adult social roles in the United States, parenthood does not appear to confer a mental health advantage for individuals. However, while research has examined parental status differences in emotional well-being, relatively little is known about variations in emotional distress among parents. In this article, we clarify the relationship between parenthood and current symptoms of depression using data from the National Survey of Families and Households. The analyses provide support for our first hypothesis: Parenthood is not associated with enhanced mental health since there is no type of parent who reports less depression than nonparents. We also find support for our second hypothesis: Certain types of parenthood are associated with more depression than others. Additionally, although we find marital status differences in symptoms among parents, there are no gender differences in the association between parenthood and depression. We discuss the implications of our findings for ongoing theoretical debates about the advantages of social role involvement for mental health as well as the meaning of contemporary parenthood in the United States.

Measuring the Relationship between Airline Network Connectivity and Productivity

2015 ◽  
Vol 2501 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gillen ◽  
Steven Landau ◽  
Geoffrey D. Gosling
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multifactor Productivity ◽  
Principal Finding ◽  
Airline Network ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

This paper investigates the relationship between differing measures of airline network connectivity and changes in multifactor productivity (MFP) using data for the United States. It was found that how an airport is connected into the airline network does affect MFP and that the connectivity measures that best explain the effect on MFP vary by industry. The principal finding of the research is that connectivity does appear to affect productivity, but how the connectivity is achieved, whether by more flights, more destinations, or more capacity, varies in importance across industries.

scholarly journals Toxic Waste and Race in Twenty-First Century America

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-126
Author(s):  
Michael Mascarenhas ◽  
Ryken Grattet ◽  
Kathleen Mege
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Census Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Toxic Exposure ◽  
Environmental Racism ◽  
Hazardous Waste Facilities ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

In 1987, the United Church of Christ Commission for Racial Justice released its groundbreaking study, Toxic Waste and Race in the United States. The report found race to be the most significant predictor of where hazardous waste facilities were located in the United States. We review this and other studies of environmental racism in an effort to explain the relationship between race and the proximity to hazardous waste facilities. More recent research provides some evidence that the effect is causal, where polluting industries follow the path of least resistance. To date, the published work using Census data ends in 2000, which neglects the period when economic and political changes may have worsened the relationship between race and toxic exposure. Thus, we replicate findings using data from 2010 to show that racial disparities remain persistent in 2010. We conclude with a call for further research on how race and siting have changed during the 2010s.

Familism and Structural Assimilation of Mexican Immigrants in the United States

1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Tienda
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Mexican Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographic Mobility ◽  
Integration Of Immigrants ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Kinship Ties ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

The relationship between geographic mobility, kinship ties and social status is examined in this article using data for a sample of 820 Mexican immigrants aged 18–60 who were interviewed upon legal entry to the U.S. in late 1973–74 and reinterviewed three years later. An attempt is made to determine whether and how the maintenance of kinship ties influences the integration of immigrants during the period immediately following emigration.

Farm Crisis and Suicide: Dying on the Vine?

1991 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Ragland ◽  
Alan L. Berman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Population Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Truck Drivers ◽  
Farm Crisis ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Forestry Workers ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the farm economic crisis and farmer suicide rates was examined using data from fifteen states in the United States from 1980 to 1985. Suicide frequencies for farmers and two control occupations (forestry and transportation workers) were obtained, and the 1980 U.S. Census occupational population data were used to convert these frequencies into suicide rates. Suicide rates for farmers were found to be greater than rates for transportation workers (truck drivers), but no different from rates for forestry workers. A significant positive correlation between the “declining farm economy” and “increasing state suicide rates” was also found.

Creativity in Partnership Practices

2012 ◽  
pp. 407-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette D. Colley ◽  
Randi Margrethe Eidsaa ◽  
Ailbhe Kenny ◽  
Bo Wah Leung
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Music Education ◽  
Arts Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Option ◽  
Instructional Method ◽  
Collaborative Partnership ◽  
Policy Agendas ◽  
The Relationship

Collaborative partnership is becoming an increasingly popular instructional method in arts education. This article examines the relationship between policy agendas and creativity in music education partnerships. It presents four cases from Ireland, Hong Kong, Norway, and the United States. When viewed as a policy option, partnerships—despite their varying missions, structures, participants, forms, processes, and functions—share the key component of commitment to creativity.

Lessons from the TIMSS Videotape Study

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-185
Author(s):  
Eugene A. Geist
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Instructional Methods ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Eighth Grade ◽  
Achievement Scores ◽  
Science Study ◽  
Achievement Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mathematics And Science

The Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) reported more than just numerical achievement data. The study also contained information on teachers' lives, students' lives, and curricula, as well as a videotape of eighth-grade mathematics classes (OERI 1996a). These data, especially the videotaped study, go beyond comparisons of achievement scores and allow for cross-cultural comparisons of mathematics instruction in the United States and other countries. In particular, we can learn many lessons from examining instructional methods in the United States and comparing them with those of Japan. This comparison has significant implications for implementing NCTM's Standards in U.S. classrooms and teaching our students as if they were young mathematicians.

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