Agroecological evaluation of soils as a basis for controlling soil-ecological risks (by example of soils of the dry steppe zone in the Volgograd region)

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
N. V. Polovinkina ◽  
S. Yu. Rozov
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Ecological Risks ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Dry Steppe

scholarly journals The influence of solar activity on the formation of plant phytomass in dry steppe conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 06001
Author(s):  
Karine Trubakova ◽  
Svetlana Turko ◽  
Marina Vlasenko
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Luminous Flux ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Aboveground Phytomass ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Volga Upland ◽  
Mathematical Processing

The main mechanism for the formation of yield is the process of transpiration, the driving force of which is the radiation balance and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). The larger the area of the plant surface that receives the luminous flux of solar energy, the more active the action of the photosynthetic process. The formation of organic matter depends on the formed aboveground phytomass of plants. The aim of the study is to find the optimal ratio between the emitted flux of solar energy and the area of the assimilation apparatus for further determining the phytoproductivity of plants. The object is located in the steppe zone of the central part of the Volgograd region (southern part of the Volga Upland, 48°38′52″ N, 44°26′14″ E). Modern methods of mathematical processing of experimental data were applied. The duration of the growing season of plants and the amount of light exposure affect the optical density coefficient (Kod). As a result, the coefficient (KPAR ) should be close to 1 unit for use 2.5% sunlight radiation (PAR).

INFLUENCE OF THE SEEDING RATE ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SUDAN GRASS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE DRY-STEPPE ZONE OF THE LOWER VOLGA REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
V A.I. BELENKOV ◽  
◽  
YU.A. LAPTINA
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Total Productivity ◽  
Livestock Productivity ◽  
Germinating Seeds

To increase the livestock productivity, it is important to increase feed production, while expanding the areas under drought-resistant multi-grained crops that have high feed values and productivity, as well as the ability to grow quickly after mowing. One crop oа this kind is Sudan grass. But, despite all its advantages, its yield in the conditions of the Volgograd region remains at a low level, so it is necessary to improve the technology of its cultivation. The paper reflects the results of the five-year research on the ways to increase the yield of green mass of Sudan grass by determining the optimal seeding rate. The experiments were carried out on chestnut soils in the conditions of JSC “Agrofirma “Vostok” of the Nikolaevsk district of the Volgograd region. Three seeding rates were studied: 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mln germinable seeds per hectare. The object of research was the Yulia variety. The highest percentage of field germination in all years of research was observed in the variant with a seeding rate of 1.0 million/ha – 85.3%. At the same time, the reverse dynamics was observed in the contamination of the Sudan grass crops, and when the crops were thickened, a decrease in the number and weight of weeds was observed. The largest part of the Sudan grass crop is formed in the first mowing and ranges from 60.3% at a seeding rate of 1.0 million tons of germinable seeds/ha to 63.3% at the 1.5 mln tons of germinable seeds/ha of total productivity. The study of the influence of different seeding rates on the productivity of Sudan grass showed the advantage of a seeding rate of 1.5 mln tons of germinable seeds/ha. This option ensured an increase compared to a seeding rate of 2.0 mln germinating seeds/ha in total for three mowing of 4.3 t/ha at a seeding rate of 1.0 million. An increase in the seeding rate to 2.0 million germinable seeds/ha reduced the yield by 2.2 t/ha as compared with a normative rate of 1.5 mln germinable seeds/ha.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF FOREST RECLAMATION IMPROVEMENT ON THE PRODUCTION AREA YIELD IN THE DRY STEPPE ZONE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Silova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Favorable Influence ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: to assess the state of dry steppe agroforestry landscapes in Volgograd region, to analyze changes in the values of the vegetation index of sown areas in relation to the width of the favorable protective effect of forest plantations to identify the possibility of using Earth remote sensing data to assess the yield of arable land in agroforestry landscapes. Materials and methods. The object of research is agroforestry landscapes of the dry steppe zone. The studies were carried out in Kalachevsky district Volgograd region. The research methods are based on the aerospace survey technique in combination with geoinformation technologies, interpretation and computer modeling in agroforestry landscapes. The analysis of arable land and the impact of protective forest plantations on arable land productivity was carried out using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Results. Dynamics of vegetation indices for the period 2017–2019 showed the relationship between the zone of favorable influence of the forest shelter belts and their level of degradation, which affected the state of winter wheat crops grown in the dry steppe zone, namely the NDVI values. The regularity of changes in the vegetation index is monitored when the safety of protective forest plantations changes. It is possible to determine the estimated yield of the field by the regression equations, applying the relationship between the vegetation index and the safety of forest belts, according to their zone of favorable influence. Conclusions: field-protective forest belts with high forest stand preservation form favorable protective conditions in the fields for growing crops at a distance of up to 300 m for the dry-steppe zone of Volgograd region, which is confirmed by high yields in the zone of influence of these forest plantations.

Hydrothermic regime management of the irrigated field while growing early potatoes in the arid zone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Buber ◽  
Dobrachev Yuri
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Hydrothermal Regime ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Dry Steppe

<p>The problem of obtaining consistently high yields of early potatoes while minimizing the cost per unit of production is very serious. Improving the technology of growing potatoes in the dry steppe zone with the integrated irrigation and fermentation systems is aimed not only at meeting the needs of the population in these products in the region, but also at reducing the demand for the purchase of potatoes abroad.</p><p>The dynamics of the main factors of plant life associated with the state of the environment, and the needs of plants at different stages of development may differ significantly from each other, which leads to a decrease in the intensity of the production process and yield. Regulation of the hydrothermal regime of crop during the critical periods of plant vegetation can be a useful agrotechnical method in managing the water regime and productivity of potatoes in the conditions of the dry steppe zone.</p><p>The use of digital technology for regulating the water-thermal regime of irrigated crops with using simulation models is caused not only by the specifics of the problem being solved, but also by the requirements for updating irrigation and drainage systems based on the modern technical advances and fundamental knowledge in order to implement highly efficient and environmentally friendly farming on reclaimed land.</p><p>Results of multifactor experiments on potatoes cultivation under drip irrigation and finely divided sprinkling in the conditions of the Volgograd region did not allow us to identify optimal technological parameters with apply of statistical methods. In addition to the small number of field experiments over a number of years, the high variation of weather conditions was the dominant factor, that is leading the shifts in vegetative growth period duration and the most significant stages of potato growing.</p><p>The prospect to solve this problem is recognized in application of a dynamic model for the potato crop growing that considers the ability to control soil moisture in the root zone and temperature regime of the vegetation cover and simulate them depending on the emerging weather conditions and the actual state of the plants. Using the J. Richie algorithm to determine evaporation and transpiration, it is easy to reconcile the design scheme with soil moisture distribution under drip irrigation, and also consider the agrocenosis water balance with periodic fine dispersion water sprinkling when the set air temperature is exceeded in the hottest hours of the day. Preliminary numerical experiments, based on the retrospective data of earlier field experiments, indicate sufficient flexibility of the model in terms of the formed water-temperature regime simulation and its influence on potato growth processes.</p><p>In 2019, the technology of growing early potatoes was tested using a dynamic model in the Ryazan region for the temperate climate of the forest-steppe area. The model showed adequate results of its application to control the hydrothermal regime in irrigation by sprinkling.</p><p>The research is carried out under the Grant of the RFBR 19-416-343004 р_мол_а with the support of the Committee for Economic Policy and Development of the Volgograd Region.</p>

SOUTHERN CHERNOZEMS FERTILITY REPRODUCTION IN NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
High Doses

Fertility reproduction features of southern carbonate chernozems in the conditions of the dry-steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan (Shortandinsky district of Akmola region) are studied. We studied the changes of humus content in the model micro plot experience. Various variants of the experiment with non-fallow and dump steam without fertilizers, grain crops with different doses of mineral fertilizers, manure, as well as with straw and sideral crops (pea-oat mixture, Donnik) are laid down. The introduction of rotted manure in small doses of 20 t / ha did not provide an increase in humus during crop rotation. When adding 40 and 80 t / ha of manure to the fallow field, it allowed to increase the humus content by 0.24 and 0.18 % of the initial amount. The introduction of sideral steam and perennial grasses into crop rotation enhanced the processes of humification and provided a positive balance of humus. In this version of the experiment, the amount of humus increased by 0.10-0.13 %. The greatest accumulation of organic matter occurred when using melilot: the increase in humus was 0.39 %. Long-term cultivation of permanent wheat crop in one field, even with high doses of mineral fertilizers, does not provide significant reproduction of soil fertility. The application of mineral fertilizers does not contribute to the increase of humus in the soil. The greatest decrease in humus content in southern chernozems is observed in the permanent dump and waste-free pair-0.11 and 0.13% over a 6-year period of observations.

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