The Role of Binary and Ion Nucleation of Sulfuric Acid and Water Vapor in the Dynamics of Sulfate Aerosol Formation in the Atmosphere

The results of one-dimensional calculations of the height profiles of nucleated sulfate aerosol particles for the northern mid-latitudes and tropics in winter are presented. Numerical calculations were performed using a three-dimensional model of the transport and transformation of multicompo- nent gas and aerosol substances in the atmosphere, incorporating photochemistry, nucleation involving neutral molecules and ions, as well as condensation/evaporation and coagulation. It is found that the resulting dynamics of the formation of aerosol particle nuclei is not a simple sum of ion and binary (water vapor/sulfuric acid) nucleation rates. This dynamics is determined by the ratio of critical radii of nucleated particles due to binary and ion nucleation of these substances (rcr_bin and rcr_ion) depending on temperature, relative humidity, and ionization rate. This should be taken into account in modeling the gas and aerosol composition of the atmosphere and comparing calculated and observed data.

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Modelling of sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate aerosol formation in the aerrea2 reactor

Journal of Aerosol Science ◽

10.1016/s0021-8502(98)00129-3 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. S87-S88

Author(s):

Martin Wilck ◽

Frank Stratmann ◽

Lars Asbjørn Larsen ◽

Rita Van Dingenen ◽

Frank Raes

Keyword(s):

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Ammonium Sulfate ◽

Sulfate Aerosol ◽

Aerosol Formation

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Role of Criegee Intermediates in Secondary Sulfate Aerosol Formation in Nocturnal Power Plant Plumes in the Southeast US

ACS Earth and Space Chemistry ◽

10.1021/acsearthspacechem.8b00215 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 748-759 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daphne Meidan ◽

John S. Holloway ◽

Pete M. Edwards ◽

William P. Dubé ◽

Ann M. Middlebrook ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Power Plant ◽

Sulfate Aerosol ◽

Aerosol Formation ◽

Criegee Intermediates ◽

Southeast Us

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Assess the Effectiveness of protective Concrete coatings of microbiological sulfuric acid Aggression

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20199702022 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 ◽

pp. 02022

Author(s):

Viktor Sopov ◽

Julia Danchenko ◽

Ekaterina Latorez

Keyword(s):

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Building Structures ◽

Predominant Role ◽

Microbiological Processes ◽

Repair Materials ◽

Bactericidal Properties ◽

Mineral Acids ◽

Concrete Building ◽

Modified Epoxy

Specification of corrosion processes in sewerage networks, the predominant role of microbiological processes in them requires the protection of concrete with materials resistant to specific biogenic sulfuric acid aggression. The effective protective materials, in this case, are those that, in addition to acid-proofing materials, have bactericidal properties. Polymer composite materials (PCM) of cold curing based on modified epoxy-resin, resins with dispersed oxides as fillers are widely used in construction. Unique properties and simple technologies make it possible to use them as injection formulations for repair, restoration and restoration of building structures and structures, waterproofing and facing materials, for impregnating, gluing and coating metal, wooden, brick and concrete building structures and parts. In the reconstruction and restoration of sewerage collectors operating under conditions of exposure to liquid biochemically aggressive media with mineral acids and organic substances, particular attention is paid to the permeability of repair materials. Based on the results of the study, PCM compositions were chosen whose estimated lifetime is about 20 years, ensuring reliable protection of the sewage collectors from corrosion.

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The role of ammonia in sulfuric acid ion induced nucleation

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-8-2859-2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 2859-2867 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

I. K. Ortega ◽

T. Kurtén ◽

H. Vehkamäki ◽

M. Kulmala

Keyword(s):

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Quantum Chemical ◽

Local Minimum ◽

Good Accuracy ◽

Energy Surface ◽

Ground Level ◽

Computational Effort ◽

Free Energy Surface ◽

Large Clusters

Abstract. We have developed a new multi-step strategy for quantum chemical calculations on atmospherically relevant cluster structures that makes calculation for large clusters affordable with a good accuracy-to-computational effort ratio. We have applied this strategy to evaluate the relevance of ternary ion induced nucleation; we have also performed calculations for neutral ternary nucleation for comparison. The results for neutral ternary nucleation agree with previous results, and confirm the important role of ammonia in enhancing the growth of sulfuric acid clusters. On the other hand, we have found that ammonia does not enhance the growth of ionic sulfuric acid clusters. The results also confirm that ion-induced nucleation is a barrierless process at high altitudes, but at ground level there exists a barrier due to the presence of a local minimum on the free energy surface.

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The role of acidity profile in the nanotubular growth of polyaniline

Chemical Papers ◽

10.2478/s11696-009-0101-z ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Elena Konyushenko ◽

Miroslava Trchová ◽

Jaroslav Stejskal ◽

Irina Sapurina

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Reaction Temperature ◽

Subsequent Growth ◽

Subsequent Oxidation ◽

Ammonium Peroxydisulfate ◽

Aniline Oligomers ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Granular Morphology

AbstractConditions of polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes preparation were analyzed. Aniline was oxidized with ammonium peroxydisulfate in 0.4 M acetic acid. There are two subsequent oxidation steps and the products were collected after each of them. At pH > 3, neutral aniline molecules are oxidized to non-conducting aniline oligomers. These produce templates for the subsequent growth of PANI nanotubes, which takes place preferably at pH 2–3. At pH < 2, granular morphology of the conducting PANI is obtained. High final acidity of the medium should be avoided in the preparation of nanotubes, e.g., by reducing the amount of sulfuric acid which is a by-product. Reduction of the peroxydisulfate-to-aniline mole ratio was tested for this purpose in the present study. Lowering of the reaction temperature from 20°C to −4°C had a positive effect on the formation of nanotubes.

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Role of water vapor in oxidative decomposition of calcium sulfide

Fuel ◽

10.1016/j.fuel.2003.10.027 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 83 (6) ◽

pp. 671-677 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Shengji Wu ◽

Md.Azhar Uddin ◽

Shinsuke Nagamine ◽

Eiji Sasaoka

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Calcium Sulfide ◽

Oxidative Decomposition

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Extreme Surface Winds During Landfalling Atmospheric Rivers: The Modulating Role of Near-Surface Stability

Journal of Hydrometeorology ◽

10.1175/jhm-d-20-0165.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Terence J. Pagano ◽

Duane E. Waliser ◽

Bin Guan ◽

Hengchun Ye ◽

F. Martin Ralph ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Static Stability ◽

Vapor Transport ◽

Water Vapor Transport ◽

Surface Winds ◽

Near Surface ◽

Extreme Surface ◽

Atmospheric Rivers ◽

Explained Variance

AbstractAtmospheric rivers (ARs) are long and narrow regions of strong horizontal water vapor transport. Upon landfall, ARs are typically associated with heavy precipitation and strong surface winds. A quantitative understanding of the atmospheric conditions that favor extreme surface winds during ARs has implications for anticipating and managing various impacts associated with these potentially hazardous events. Here, a global AR database (1999–2014) with relevant information from MERRA-2 reanalysis, QuikSCAT and AIRS satellite observations are used to better understand and quantify the role of near-surface static stability in modulating surface winds during landfalling ARs. The temperature difference between the surface and 1 km MSL (ΔT; used here as a proxy for near-surface static stability), and integrated water vapor transport (IVT) are analyzed to quantify their relationships to surface winds using bivariate linear regression. In four regions where AR landfalls are common, the MERRA-2-based results indicate that IVT accounts for 22-38% of the variance in surface wind speed. Combining ΔT with IVT increases the explained variance to 36-52%. Substitution of QuikSCAT surface winds and AIRS ΔT in place of the MERRA-2 data largely preserves this relationship (e.g., 44% compared to 52% explained variance for USA West Coast). Use of an alternate static stability measure–the bulk Richardson number–yields a similar explained variance (47%). Lastly, AR cases within the top and bottom 25% of near-surface static stability indicate that extreme surface winds (gale or higher) are more likely to occur in unstable conditions (5.3%/14.7% during weak/strong IVT) than in stable conditions (0.58%/6.15%).

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Upper Tropospheric Water Vapor Transport from Indian to Sahelian Regions

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos9100403 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 403 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Abdoulaye Sy ◽

Bouya Diop ◽

Joël Van Baelen ◽

Christophe Duroure ◽

Yahya Gour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Indian Monsoon ◽

Water Vapor Transport ◽

Substantial Part ◽

Monsoon Region ◽

Direct Role ◽

Air Masses ◽

Upper Troposphere ◽

Tropical Easterly Jet

We present a study of upper tropospheric westward transport of air masses coming from the Indian monsoon zone over the period 1998–2008. The objective is to characterize upper tropospheric transport of water vapor from the Indian to Sahelian regions, and to improve the understanding of the dynamical mechanisms that govern water vapor variations in West Africa and the interconnections between India and the Sahel, focusing on the direct role of the Indian monsoon region on Sahel tropospheric water vapor and precipitation. The calculations of forward trajectories with LACYTRAJ (LACY TRAJectory code) and humidity fluxes show that a substantial part (40 to 70% at 300 hPa) of trajectories coming from the upper troposphere of the monsoon region crossed the Sahelian region in a few days (3–14 days), and water vapor fluxes connecting these two regions are established when the Indian monsoon begins at latitudes higher than 15° N in its south–north migration. The intensity and orientation of water vapor fluxes are related to the tropical easterly jet, but they are from the east above the high convection zones. Between 1998 and 2008, these fluxes between the 500–300 hPa pressure levels are associated with precipitation in Sahel only if they are from the east and with an intensity exceeding 8 kg·(m·s)−1.

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