scholarly journals CONCURRENT VARIATIONS IN THE FORMATION OF LATERAL CORD AND MEDIAN NERVE OF BRACHIAL PLEXUS. 208 Variaciones en la formación del cordón lateral y el nervio mediano del plexo braquial

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-212
Author(s):  
Virendra Budhiraja ◽  
Rakhi Rastogi
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Lateral Cord ◽  
Anterior Division ◽  
Formalin Fixed

El cordón lateral y el nervio mediano se asocian a variaciones. Observamos variaciones simultáneas en la formación del cordón lateral y nervio mediano en treinta y dos cadáveres fijados en formol. En 29,6% de extremidades superiores el cordón lateral se formó por la división anterior del tronco superior solamente. En el 21,8% de estos casos la división anterior del tronco medio formó dos raíces adicionales para el nervio mediano y en 7,8% de los casos la división anterior del tronco medio se unió con la raíz medial del nervio mediano. En el 14% de las extremidades superiores no se formó la parte superior del tronco y el cordón lateral se formó por la unión de la división anterior de las raíces C5, C6 y C7. En 6.2% de esos casos donde no se formó la parte superior del tronco, el nervio mediano recibió una raíz adicional del cordón lateral. Creemos que el conocimiento previo de estas variaciones anatómicas es de interés para el anatomista y médico por igual. Los cirujanos que realizan procedimientos que implican neoplasias o reparar traumatismos necesitan ser conscientes de estas variaciones. Lateral cord and median nerve are associated with variations. We observed concurrent variations in the formation of lateral cord and median nerve in thirty two formalin fixed cadavers. In 29.6% upper limbs Lateral cord was formed by anterior division of upper trunk only. In 21.8% of these cases the anterior division of middle trunk formed two additional roots for the median nerve and in 7.8% cases anterior division of middle trunk joined with medial root of median nerve. In 14% upper limbs the upper trunk was not formed and the lateral cord was formed by union of anterior division of C5, C6 and C7 roots. In 6.2% of such cases where upper trunk was not formed, the median nerve received an additional root from lateral cord. We believe that prior knowledge of such anatomical variations is of interest to the anatomist and clinician alike. Surgeons who perform procedures involving neoplasms or repairing trauma need to be aware of these variations.

scholarly journals Cadaveric Study of Anatomical Variations in the Musculocutaneous Nerve and in the Median Nerve

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 122-125
Author(s):  
Abhilasha Priya ◽  
Chandni Gupta ◽  
Antony Sylvan D'souza
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Musculocutaneous Nerve ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Kasturba Medical College ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Lateral Cord

Introduction The musculocutaneous nerve and the median nerve are branches from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus with a root value of C5, C6, and C7. The medial root of the median nerve is a branch of the medial cord. The present study aims at observing any variations in these peripheral nerves, so that this knowledge can be utilized by surgeons, anesthesiologists, and orthopedicians during surgical procedures and nerve block. Materials and Methods The present study was carried on 30 adult embalmed cadavers (60 upper limbs) in the department of anatomy of the Kasturba Medical College , Manipal, India. The infraclavicular part of the brachial plexus was dissected, and any anatomical variations in the formation and in the branching pattern of the musculocutaneous nerve and of the median nerve were noted and photographs were taken. Results The median nerve was noted to be formed from 3 roots in 8 out of 60 dissected upper limbs (13.33%). The musculocutaneous nerve was absent in 5% of the dissected limbs, and communications between these 2 nerves were noted in 13.33% of the dissected limbs. Conclusions Noted variations of the nerves may be of help to surgeons operating in the axillas and in the arms.

scholarly journals Formation of median nerve by three roots: A case report

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Satyanarayana ◽  
CK Reddy ◽  
P Sunitha ◽  
N Jayasri ◽  
V Nitin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Lateral Cord ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
The Right

During routine dissection of an adult male cadaver in the Department of Anatomy, College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, Nepal, the right median nerve was found to be formed by three roots. The finding was noted after thorough and meticulous dissection of the upper limbs of both sides (axilla, arm, forearm and palm). Out of the three roots forming the anomalous median nerve, two were from lateral cord and one from medial cord of brachial plexus. However, the distribution of the anomalous median nerve was normal in arm, forearm and palm. The arterial pattern in the arm (axillary and brachial arteries) was also normal. Key words: Cadaver; median nerve; brachial plexus DOI: 10.3126/jcmsn.v6i1.3602 Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2010, Vol. 6, No. 1, 47-50

scholarly journals Variations in formation of median nerve: a cadaveric study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-68
Author(s):  
Shanta Hada ◽  
Muna Kadel ◽  
Tinku Kumari Pandit ◽  
Kishore Singh Basnet
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Lateral Cord ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Background: Median nerve is generally formed in axilla, as one of the branch of brachial plexus. It is formed by the union of medial and lateral roots which are the branches of me­dial and lateral cord respectively. The knowledge of origin, course and area of distribution of median nerve is important for the anatomist, the neurologist and also for correction of traumatic injuries that are related to brachial plexus. The main objective of this study is to observe different variations in median nerve formation in cadavers. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 25 formalin fixed adult human ca­davers in the Department of Anatomy, KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur Ethical approval was taken. Altogether, 50 specimens were enrolled in the study by convenient sampling method. The calculation was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 (SPSS). Results: In this study the formation of median nerve was observed to be normal in 78% of the cases. In 20% cases three roots were forming the median nerve and in 2% cases four roots were present. Among these variations in 18% cases the additional roots were observed to be given by the lateral cord of the brachial plexus. Conclusions: This study concludes that most of the median nerve forms in axilla by the union of two roots with few variations.

scholarly journals Duplication in the formation of median nerve - a case report

2015 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 043-045
Author(s):  
Gyata Mehta ◽  
Varsha Mokhasi
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Axillary Artery ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Present Case Report ◽  
Lateral Cord ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThe median nerve is formed in the axilla by fusion of the two roots from the lateral and medial cords. The present case report describes an anomalous presentation of double formation of median nerve and its relation with axillary and brachial arteries. The median nerve was formed in two stages at different levels, first in the axilla and then in the upper arm by receiving double contribution from the lateral root of the lateral cord, which fuse with the medial root of the medial cord to form the median nerve. The formation took place medial to the axillary artery in the axilla and antero-medial to the brachial artery in the arm. Such anatomical variations and their relation with the arteries are important for the surgeons and anesthesiologists and of great academic interest to the anatomists.

scholarly journals Anastomosis Between Ulnar And Radial Nerve: A Cadaveric Study

10.3823/2479 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Ferreira Arquez
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Radial Nerve ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Posterior Aspect ◽  
Anesthetic Agents ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
The University

Background: Brachial plexus variations are not rare. Variations in its terminal branches in the arm or forearm are frequently reported. Communications between branches of the brachial plexus are also not uncommon findings; however there is very little mention of communication between the radial and ulnar nerves in the literature. In view of this significance is performed this study with the purpose to determine any communications of radial nerve with neighboring peripheral nerves at level of axilla, arm, forearm. Methods and Findings: A total of 17 cadavers with different age groups were used for this study. The upper limbs region (34 sides) were dissected carefully and photographed in the Morphology Laboratory at the University of Pamplona. Of the 34 upper limbs studied 33 showed normal morphology, the course and branching patterns of the nerves was normal (97.06%). In 1 specimen in the left forearm (2.94%), the radial and ulnar nerves were dissected and communicating branches were observed originating near the upper third in the posterior aspect of the forearm traveling from the ulnar to the radial nerve. The communicating branch was approximately 5.84 cm long and 1.73 mm in diameter. This anastomotic branch is an unusual anastomosis, no described in the literature between radial and ulnar nerve in forearm. Knowledge on the variant pattern of peripheral nerves is imperative not only for the surgeons, but also for the radiologists during image technology and MRI interpretations and for the anesthesiologists before administering anesthetic agents thus in diagnostic approaches.   Conclusions: Lack of understanding of these variations can also confound the assessment of the severity of nerve injury as well as recovery. Awareness of such anatomical variations is very important in order to proper diagnosis of sensorimotor symptoms.

Anatomical variations of the cords of brachial plexus and the median nerve

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Pandey ◽  
V.K. Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Anatomical Variations

From the brachial plexus to the hand, multiple connections between the median and ulnar nerves may serve as bypass routes for nerve fibres

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 648-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yang ◽  
Y. Gil ◽  
S. Kim ◽  
J. Bang ◽  
H. Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Ulnar Nerve ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Lateral Cord ◽  
Anatomical Knowledge

Axons from the median and ulnar nerves can pass to each other through aberrant connections between them. Multiple interconnections between the nerves may provide a detour route for nerve fibres going to the hand. We investigated the incidence of variations and the associations between them in 90 cadaveric upper limbs. In 91% of upper limbs, one to five variations were found, with several statistically significant associations. The contribution of the C8 nerve to the lateral cord was positively associated with an accessory contribution of the lateral cord to the ulnar nerve. The latter variation showed positive association with the occurrence of any of the variations in the hand itself. Ulnar innervation of the superficial head of the flexor pollicis brevis was positively associated with the Riche-Cannieu communication. The co-existence of the variations and their associations may be the explanation for unusual clinical findings related to median and ulnar conduction, which appear contrary to anatomical knowledge.

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