The First Dissociation Constant for Carbonic Acid and the Solubility of Carbon Dioxide in Human Amniotic Fluid

1. The pH of the blood of the third instar Gastrophilus larva is 6.64 at 38° C. with a pH-temperature coefficient of -0.007 Per 1° C. rise in temperature. 2. The total CO2 content of the blood varies from 40.6 to 131.4 vol. % with an average of 72.4 vol. %. The CO2 content of the tissues minus the cuticle is very close to, and follows the variations in, the CO2 content of the blood. 3. The CO2 tension in the blood is from 300 to 500 mm. Hg. From 30 to 50% of the CO2 is in solution, the rest in the form of bicarbonate. Carbamate formation does not occur in the blood. 4. The ‘apparent’ dissociation constant for carbonic acid, (pK'1), has a value of 6.08 (S.D. ±0.06) at 38° C. and 6.19 (s.d. ±0.13) at 16° C. 5. CO2 dissociation curves have been drawn for 38 and 16° C. The slope of the curves indicates that the whole of the CO2 is given off at zero CO2 tension, and that the blood is adapted for functioning at high CO2 tensions.

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Carbon Dioxide Tension and Acid-Base Balance of Human Amniotic Fluid at the End of Gestation

Neonatology ◽

10.1159/000239823 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 4 (1-2) ◽

pp. 25-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Niels C.R. Räihä ◽

Tapani V Kauraniemi

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Amniotic Fluid ◽

Carbon Dioxide Tension ◽

Acid Base Balance ◽

Acid Base ◽

Human Amniotic Fluid ◽

Base Balance

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Purification and properties of human amniotic fluid diamine oxidase

Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation ◽

10.3109/00365517809108452 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 463-472 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

G. Tufvesson

Keyword(s):

Amniotic Fluid ◽

Diamine Oxidase ◽

Human Amniotic Fluid ◽

Purification And Properties

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Antistaphylococcal activity of carbonic acid extract of hops

Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University ◽

10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2018-22(2)-13 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 297-300

Author(s):

V.V. Nevmerzhitsky ◽

V.Yu. Ivannik ◽

V.V. Kazmirchuk ◽

T.N. Moiseenko ◽

T.A. Volkov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Carbonic Acid ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Acquired Resistance ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Antibacterial Drugs ◽

Antistaphylococcal Activity ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Main Disadvantage

The fight against staphylococcal infection, increasing the effectiveness of methods of prevention and treatment of diseases of staphylococcal etiology is of interest to scientists and practitioners, both in Ukraine and around the world. The urgency of this problem is growing rapidly, as there is a tendency to increase the resistance of not only staphylococci, but also other gram-positive bacteria. The spread of methicillin-resistant staphylococci restricts the choice of antibiotics for the treatment of diseases of staphylococcal etiology. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common and dangerous type, which is one of the main factors of purulent-inflammatory lesions of the skin and mucous membranes. As a result of mutations, pathogenic staphylococci acquired resistance to antibacterial drugs. The main disadvantage of modern antibiotics is their non-selectivity. As a result of mutations, pathogenic staphylococci acquired resistance to antibacterial drugs. The main disadvantage of modern antibiotics is their non-selectivity. One of the unique and promising medicinal plants, which contains a rich complex of biologically active substances (BAS), is common hops (Humulus lupulus L.). The complex of BAS (flavonoids, hormones, vitamins, bitter, phenolic compounds, essential oils) causes anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, hyposensitizing and analgesic action of hops. The purpose of this work is to determine the antistaphylococcal activity of the carbon dioxide extract of hops and to justify the development on its basis of new antimicrobial agents for the prevention and treatment of infectious and purulent-inflammatory diseases. The following methods were used: microbiological (method of diffusion into agar (well method)) and mathematical and statistical. The high antimicrobial activity of the carbon dioxide extract of hops has been established for museum test strains of the genus Staphylococcus. The results of the studies testify to the prospects of further study of the bactericidal properties of the extract of hops carbon dioxide with the aim of creating effective antimicrobial agents on its basis for the prevention and treatment of infectious and purulent-inflammatory diseases of staphylococcal etiology.

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Application of Disk Aerators to Recarbonation of Alkaline Wastewater from Wet Gasification of Carbide

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1991.0211 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 24 (7) ◽

pp. 277-284 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E. Gomólka ◽

B. Gomólka

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Liquid Phase ◽

Gas Phase ◽

Flue Gas ◽

Carbonic Acid ◽

Low Cost ◽

Flue Gases ◽

Carbon Dioxide Content ◽

Patent Claim ◽

Phase Dispersion

Whenever possible, neutralization of alkaline wastewater should involve low-cost acid. It is conventional to make use of carbonic acid produced via the reaction of carbon dioxide (contained in flue gases) with water according to the following equation: Carbon dioxide content in the flue gas stream varies from 10% to 15%. The flue gas stream may either be passed to the wastewater contained in the recarbonizers, or. enter the scrubbers (which are continually sprayed with wastewater) from the bottom in oountercurrent. The reactors, in which recarbonation occurs, have the ability to expand the contact surface between gaseous and liquid phase. This can be achieved by gas phase dispersion in the liquid phase (bubbling), by liquid phase dispersion in the gas phase (spraying), or by bubbling and spraying, and mixing. These concurrent operations are carried out during motion of the disk aerator (which is a patent claim). The authors describe the functioning of the disk aerator, the composition of the wastewater produced during wet gasification of carbide, the chemistry of recarbonation and decarbonation, and the concept of applying the disk aerator so as to make the wastewater fit for reuse (after suitable neutralization) as feeding water in acetylene generators.

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