scholarly journals Toward an Integrative Psychometric Model of Emotions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Lange ◽  
Jonas Dalege ◽  
Denny Borsboom ◽  
Gerben van Kleef ◽  
Agneta Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Network Model ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Latent Variable Models ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Psychometric Models ◽  
Psychometric Model ◽  
The Human Condition

Emotions are part and parcel of the human condition, but their nature is debated. Three broad classes of theories about the nature of emotions can be distinguished: affect program theories, constructionist theories, and appraisal theories. Integrating them in a unifying theory is challenging. An integrative psychometric model of emotions can inform such a theory, because psychometric models are intertwined with theoretical perspectives about constructs. To identify an integrative psychometric model, we (a) delineate properties of emotions stated by emotion theories, and (b) investigate whether psychometric models account for these properties. Specifically, an integrative psychometric model of emotions should allow identifying distinct emotions (central in affect program theories), should allow between and within person variation of emotions (central in constructionist theories), and should allow causal relationships between emotion components (central in appraisal theories). Evidence suggests that the popular reflective and formative latent variable models—in which emotions are conceptualized as unobservable causes or consequences of emotion components—cannot account for all properties. Conversely, a psychometric network model—in which emotions are conceptualized as systems of causally interacting emotion components—accounts for all properties. The psychometric network model thus constitutes an integrative psychometric model of emotions, facilitating progress toward a unifying theory.

scholarly journals Toward an Integrative Psychometric Model of Emotions

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 444-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Lange ◽  
Jonas Dalege ◽  
Denny Borsboom ◽  
Gerben A. van Kleef ◽  
Agneta H. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Network Model ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Latent Variable Models ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Psychometric Models ◽  
Psychometric Model ◽  
The Human Condition

Emotions are part and parcel of the human condition, but their nature is debated. Three broad classes of theories about the nature of emotions can be distinguished: affect-program theories, constructionist theories, and appraisal theories. Integrating these broad classes of theories into a unifying theory is challenging. An integrative psychometric model of emotions can inform such a theory because psychometric models are intertwined with theoretical perspectives about constructs. To identify an integrative psychometric model, we delineate properties of emotions stated by emotion theories and investigate whether psychometric models account for these properties. Specifically, an integrative psychometric model of emotions should allow (a) identifying distinct emotions (central in affect-program theories), (b) between- and within-person variations of emotions (central in constructionist theories), and (c) causal relationships between emotion components (central in appraisal theories). Evidence suggests that the popular reflective and formative latent variable models—in which emotions are conceptualized as unobservable causes or consequences of emotion components—cannot account for all properties. Conversely, a psychometric network model—in which emotions are conceptualized as systems of causally interacting emotion components—accounts for all properties. The psychometric network model thus constitutes an integrative psychometric model of emotions, facilitating progress toward a unifying theory.

An Answer to a Question that Cannot Be Answered: A Pragmatist Approach to Viktor Frankl’s and Primo Levi’s Theoretical Perspectives on Humor

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Jarno Hietalahti
Keyword(s):  
Human Condition ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Future ◽  
Forms Of Life ◽  
Pragmatist Philosophy ◽  
The Human Condition

Abstract This article offers a pragmatist approach to concentration camp humor, in particular, to Viktor Frankl’s and Primo Levi’s conceptualizations of humor. They both show how humor does not vanish even in the worst imaginable circumstances. Despite this similarity, it will be argued that their intellectual positions on humor differ significantly. The main difference between the two authors is that according to Frankl, humor is elevating in the middle of suffering, and according to Levi, humor expresses the absurdity of the idea of concentration camps, but this is not necessarily a noble reaction. Through a critical synthesis based on pragmatist philosophy, it will be claimed that humor in concentration camps expresses the human condition in the entirely twisted situation. This phenomenon cannot be understood without considering forms of life, how drastic the changes from the past were, and what people expected from the future, if anything.

Comorbid science?

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 153-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Danks ◽  
Stephen Fancsali ◽  
Clark Glymour ◽  
Richard Scheines
Keyword(s):  
Causal Inference ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Latent Variable Models ◽  
Causal Relationships

AbstractWe agree with Cramer et al.'s goal of the discovery of causal relationships, but we argue that the authors' characterization of latent variable models (as deployed for such purposes) overlooks a wealth of extant possibilities. We provide a preliminary analysis of their data, using existing algorithms for causal inference and for the specification of latent variable models.

scholarly journals Recent Integrations of Latent Variable Network Modeling With Psychometric Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selena Wang
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Models ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Network Modeling ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Latent Variable Models ◽  
Independent Learning ◽  
Psychometric Models ◽  
R Packages

The combination of network modeling and psychometric models has opened up exciting directions of research. However, there has been confusion surrounding differences among network models, graphic models, latent variable models and their applications in psychology. In this paper, I attempt to remedy this gap by briefly introducing latent variable network models and their recent integrations with psychometric models to psychometricians and applied psychologists. Following this introduction, I summarize developments under network psychometrics and show how graphical models under this framework can be distinguished from other network models. Every model is introduced using unified notations, and all methods are accompanied by available R packages inducive to further independent learning.

scholarly journals The Effects of Using Partial or Uncorrected Correlation Matrices When Comparing Network and Latent Variable Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis McFarland
Keyword(s):  
Network Model ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Latent Variable Models ◽  
Correlation Matrices ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
Shared Variance

Network models of the WAIS-IV based on regularized partial correlation matrices have been reported to outperform latent variable models based on uncorrected correlation matrices. The present study sought to compare network and latent variable models using both partial and uncorrected correlation matrices with both types of models. The results show that a network model provided better fit to matrices of partial correlations but latent variable models provided better fit to matrices of full correlations. This result is due to the fact that the use of partial correlations removes most of the covariance common to WAIS-IV tests. Modeling should be based on uncorrected correlations since these represent the majority of shared variance between WAIS-IV test scores.

scholarly journals Interpreting psychometric models

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riet van Bork
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Latent Trait ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Latent Variable Models ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Variable Model ◽  
Psychological Construct ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Psychometric Models

The field of psychometrics aims to develop theories on how to measure psychological constructs through observable behavior. This dissertation focuses on two psychometric theories that differ in how the psychological construct is related to observable behaviors. Latent trait theory understands psychological constructs as underlying common causes of observed behavior that explain the associations between certain behaviors. Alternatively, in the psychological network theory, behaviors correlate because they mutually reinforce each other and the psychological construct refers to the resulting cluster of associated behaviors. These different theories about how to conceptualize psychological constructs and how to relate these constructs to observable behavior can be formally defined in a set of equations and assumptions that make up a psychometric model. The chapters in this dissertation focus on two types of psychometric models: Latent variable models and network models. Part I of the dissertation focuses on the interpretation of the latent variable model. Part II of the dissertation makes a comparison between latent variable models and network models. While psychometric models can be interpreted as representations of a theory about the data-generating mechanism, this is not necessary. Psychometric models are often viewed as mere descriptions of data. This dissertation shows the importance of thinking through the choice of interpreting psychometric models either as a representation of a causal mechanism or as a description of the data and provides insights in the implications of that choice.

An Adolescent Girl Experiments with Sexuality: Rain (Christine Jeffs, 2001)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Fox
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Adolescent Girl ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
The Core ◽  
Parental Neglect ◽  
The Human Condition

The analysis in this chapter focuses on Christine Jeffs’s Rain as evidence of a shift that had occurred in New Zealand society whereby puritan repression is no longer perceived as the source of emotional problems for children in the process of becoming adults, but rather its opposite – neoliberal individualism, hedonism, and the parental neglect and moral lassitude it had promoted. A comparison with Kirsty Gunn’s novel of the same name, upon which the adaptation is based, reveals how Jeffs converted a poetic meditation on the human condition into a cinematic family melodrama with a girl’s discovery of the power of her own sexuality at the core.

Deadly Mirrors: Animal Death in Tommaso Landolfi and Stefano D'Arrigo

Paragraph ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-90
Author(s):  
Damiano Benvegnù
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Killer Whale ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Nonhuman Animal ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Mise En Abyme ◽  
The Human Condition

From Hegel to Heidegger and Agamben, modern Western philosophy has been haunted by how to think the connections between death, humanness and animality. This article explores how these connections have been represented by Italian writers Tommaso Landolfi (1908–79) and Stefano D'Arrigo (1919–92). Specifically, it investigates how the death of a nonhuman animal is portrayed in two works: ‘Mani’, a short story by Landolfi collected in his first book Il dialogo dei massimi sistemi (Dialogue on the Greater Harmonies) (1937), and D'Arrigo's massive novel Horcynus Orca (Horcynus Orca) (1975). Both ‘Mani’ and Horcynus Orca display how the fictional representation of the death of a nonhuman animal challenges any philosophical positions of human superiority and establishes instead animality as the unheimlich mirror of the human condition. In fact, in both stories, the animal — a mouse and a killer whale, respectively — do die and their deaths represent a mise en abyme that both arrests the human narrative and sparks a moment of acute ontological recognition.

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