scholarly journals Supersymmetric mirror models and dimensional evolution of spacetime

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanpeng Tan
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Mirror Symmetry ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Supersymmetric Model ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Electroweak Phase Transition ◽  
Dynamic View ◽  
Breaking Mechanism ◽  
Double Space

A dynamic view is conjectured for not only the universe but also the underlying theories in contrast to the convectional pursuance of a single unification theory. As the 4-d spacetime evolves dimension by dimension via the spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism, supersymmetric mirror models consistently emerge one by one at different energy scales and scenarios involving different sets of particle species and interactions. Starting from random Planck fluctuations, the time dimension and its arrow are born in the time inflation process as the gravitational strength is weakened under a 1-d model of a ``timeron'' scalar field. The ``timeron'' decay then starts the hot big bang and generates Majorana fermions and $U(1)$ gauge bosons in 2-d spacetime. The next spontaneous symmetry breaking results in two space inflaton fields leading to a double space inflation process and emergence of two decoupled sectors of ordinary and mirror particles. In fully extended 4-d spacetime, the supersymmetric standard model with mirror matter before the electroweak phase transition and the subsequent pseudo-supersymmetric model due to staged quark condensation as previously proposed are justified. A set of principles are postulated under this new framework. In particular, new understanding of the evolving supersymmetry and $Z_2$ or generalized mirror symmetry is presented.

scholarly journals Supersymmetric Mirror Models and Dimensional Evolution of Spacetime

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanpeng Tan
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Mirror Symmetry ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Supersymmetric Model ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Electroweak Phase Transition ◽  
Dynamic View ◽  
Breaking Mechanism ◽  
Double Space

A dynamic view is conjectured for not only the universe but also the underlying theories in contrast to the convectional pursuance of single unification theory. As the 4 -d spacetime evolves dimension by dimension via the spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism, supersymmetric mirror models consistently emerge one by one at different energy scales and scenarios involving different sets of particle species and interactions. Starting from random Planck fluctuations, the time dimension and its arrow are born in the time inflation process as the gravitational strength is weakened under a 1-d model of a “timeron” scalar field. The “ timeron” decay then starts the hot big bang and generates Majorana fermions and U(1) gauge bosons in 2-d spacetime. The next spontaneous symmetry breaking results in two space inflaton fields leading to a double space inflation process and emergence of two decoupled sectors of ordinary and mirror particles. In fully extended 4-d spacetime, the supersymmetric standard model with mirror matter before the electroweak phase transition and the subsequent pseudo-supersymmetric model due to staged quark condensation as previously proposed are justified. A set of principles are postulated under t his new framework. In particular, new understanding of the evolving supersymmetry and Z2 or generalized mirror symmetry is presented.

Self-Organization of Symmetry Networks: Transformation Invariance from the Spontaneous Symmetry-Breaking Mechanism

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris J. S. Webber
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Learning Rule ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Simple Cell ◽  
Natural Image ◽  
Complex Cell ◽  
Breaking Mechanism

Symmetry networks use permutation symmetries among synaptic weights to achieve transformation-invariant response. This article proposes a generic mechanism by which such symmetries can develop during unsupervised adaptation: it is shown analytically that spontaneous symmetry breaking can result in the discovery of unknown invariances of the data's probability distribution. It is proposed that a role of sparse coding is to facilitate the discovery of statistical invariances by this mechanism. It is demonstrated that the statistical dependences that exist between simple-cell-like threshold feature detectors, when exposed to temporally uncorrelated natural image data, can drive the development of complex-cell-like invariances, via single-cell Hebbian adaptation. A single learning rule can generate both simple-cell-like and complex-cell-like receptive fields.

scholarly journals Spontaneous symmetry breaking in the late Universe and glimpses of the early Universe phase transitions à la baryogenesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sami ◽  
Radouane Gannouji
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Landau Theory ◽  
Bubble Nucleation ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Electroweak Phase Transition ◽  
Ginzburg Landau

Spontaneous symmetry breaking is the foundation of electroweak unification and serves as an integral part of the model building beyond the standard model of particle physics and it also finds interesting applications in the late Universe. We review development related to obtaining the late cosmic acceleration from spontaneous symmetry breaking in the Universe at large scales. This phenomenon is best understood through Ginzburg–Landau theory of phase transitions which we briefly describe. Hereafter, we present elements of spontaneous symmetry breaking in relativistic field theory. We then discuss the “symmetron” scenario-based upon symmetry breaking in the late Universe which is realized by using a specific form of conformal coupling. However, the model is faced with “NO GO” for late-time acceleration due to local gravity constraints. We argue that the problem can be circumvented by using the massless [Formula: see text] theory coupled to massive neutrino matter. As for the early Universe, spontaneous symmetry breaking finds its interesting applications in the study of electroweak phase transition. To this effect, we first discuss in detail the Ginzburg–Landau theory of first-order phase transitions and then apply it to electroweak phase transition including technical discussions on bubble nucleation and sphaleron transitions. We provide a pedagogical exposition of dynamics of electroweak phase transition and emphasize the need to go beyond the standard model of particle physics for addressing the baryogenesis problem. Review ends with a brief discussion on Affleck–Dine mechanism and spontaneous baryogenesis. Appendixes include technical details on essential ingredients of baryogenesis, sphaleron solution, one-loop finite temperature effective potential and dynamics of bubble nucleation.

QUANTUM STATE AND SPONTANEOUS SYMMETRY BREAKING IN GRAVITY

1994 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 191-194
Author(s):  
PEDRO F. GONZALEZ-DIAZ
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Density Matrix ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Quantum State ◽  
Positive Definite ◽  
General Quantum ◽  
Breaking Mechanism ◽  
Euclidean Wormholes

A spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism is used in quantum gravity to obtain a convergent positive definite density-matrix as the most general quantum state of Euclidean wormholes.

NUCLEAR DEFORMATIONS AS A SPONTANEOUS SYMMETRY BREAKING

1993 ◽  
Vol 02 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 51-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
WITOLD NAZAREWICZ
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Baryon Number ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Fundamental Symmetries ◽  
Atomic Nuclei ◽  
Breaking Mechanism

Why can certain nuclei be described in terms of intrinsic shapes with non-spherical, triaxial, or reflection-asymmetric static moments? At first glance a violation of very fundamental symmetries such as rotational invariance, space inversion, or particle number symmetry is astonishing since strong interactions do actually conserve angular momentum, parity, and baryon number. The main building blocks of the spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism in atomic nuclei are discussed and illuminated by examples taken from atomic and nuclear physics.

2,6-Dibromogallates as a new building block for controlling π-stacking, network formation and mirror symmetry breaking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ohjin Kwon ◽  
Xiaoqian Cai ◽  
Azhar Saeed ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Silvio Poppe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Mirror Symmetry ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Π Stacking ◽  
Bicontinuous Cubic ◽  
Substituted 1 ◽  
End Group

Achiral multi-chain (polycatenar) compounds based on the 2,7-diphenyl substituted [1]benzothieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene (BTBT) unit and a 2,6-dibromo-3,4,5-trialkoxybenzoate end group lead to materials forming bicontinuous cubic liquid crystaline phases with helical network structures...

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