scholarly journals Frequency Effects on Memory: A Resource-Limited Theory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vencislav Popov ◽  
Lynne Reder
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Inverse Function ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Study Item ◽  
Frequency Effects ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
New Information ◽  
Familiar Stimuli

We present a review of frequency effects in memory, accompanied by a theory of memory, according to which the storage of new information in long-term memory (LTM) depletes a limited pool of working memory (WM) resources as an inverse function of item strength. We support the theory by showing that items with stronger representations in LTM (e.g. high frequency items) are easier to store, bind to context, and bind to one another; that WM resources are involved in storage and retrieval from LTM; that WM performance is better for stronger, more familiar stimuli. We present a novel analysis of preceding item strength, in which we show from nine existing studies that memory for an item is higher if during study it was preceded by a stronger item (e.g. a high frequency word). This effect is cumulative (the more prior items are of high frequency, the better), continuous (memory proportional to word frequency of preceding item), interacts with current item strength (larger for weaker items) and interacts with lag (decreases as the lag between the current and prior study item increases). A computational model that implements the theory is presented, which accounts for these effects. We discuss related phenomena that the model/theory can explain.

scholarly journals Fast and slow cortical high frequency oscillations for cortico-cortical and cortico-hippocampal network consolidation during NonREM sleep

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Aleman-Zapata ◽  
Richard GM Morris ◽  
Lisa Genzel
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Granger Causality Analysis ◽  
High Frequency Oscillations ◽  
New Information ◽  
Hippocampal Network ◽  
Nonrem Sleep

AbstractMemory reactivation during NonREM-ripples is thought to communicate new information to a systems-wide network. Cortical high frequency events have also been described that co-occur with ripples. Focusing on NonREM sleep after different behaviors, both hippocampal ripples and parietal high frequency oscillations were detected. A bimodal frequency distribution was observed in the parietal high frequency events, faster and slower, with increases in prefrontal directionality measured by Granger causality analysis specifically seen during the fast parietal oscillations. Furthermore, fast events activated prefrontal-parietal cortex whereas slow events activated hippocampal-parietal areas. Finally, there was a learning-induced increase in both number and size of fast high frequency events. These patterns were not seen after novelty exposure or foraging, but occurred after the learning of a new goal location in a maze. Disruption of either sleep or hippocampal ripples impaired long-term memory consistent with these having a role in memory consolidation.

scholarly journals Syllable frequency effects on phonological short-term memory tasks

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
LISA M. NIMMO ◽  
STEVEN ROODENRYS
Keyword(s):  
Serial Recall ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Nonword Repetition ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Recall Accuracy ◽  
Syllable Frequency ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Frequency Effects

Recent evidence suggests that phonological short-term memory (STM) tasks are influenced by both lexical and sublexical factors inherent in the selection and construction of the stimuli to be recalled. This study examined whether long-term memory (LTM) influences STM at a sublexical level by investigating whether the frequency with which one-syllable nonwords occur in polysyllabic words influences recall accuracy on two phonological STM tasks, nonword repetition and serial recall. The results showed that recall accuracy increases when the stimuli to be recalled consist of one-syllable nonwords that occur often in polysyllabic English words. This result is consistent with the notion that LTM facilitates phonological STM at both a lexical and sublexical level. Implications for models of verbal STM are discussed.

scholarly journals Metabolic Impairment in Human Amnesia: A PET Study of Memory Networks

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferruccio Fazio ◽  
Daniela Perani ◽  
Maria Carla Gilardi ◽  
Fabio Colombo ◽  
Stefano F. Cappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
New Information ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Human amnesia is a clinical syndrome exhibiting the failure to recall past events and to learn new information. Its “pure” form, characterized by a selective impairment of long-term memory without any disorder of general intelligence or other cognitive functions, has been associated with lesions localized within Papez's circuit and some connected areas. Thus, amnesia could be due to a functional disconnection between components of this or other neural structures involved in long-term learning and retention. To test this hypothesis, we measured regional cerebral metabolism with 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET) in 11 patients with “pure” amnesia. A significant bilateral reduction in metabolism in a number of interconnected cerebral regions (hippocampal formation, thalamus, cingulate gyrus, and frontal basal cortex) was found in the amnesic patients in comparison with normal controls. The metabolic impairment did not correspond to alterations in structural anatomy as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These results are the first in vivo evidence for the role of a functional network as a basis of human memory.

scholarly journals Biased Competition during Long-term Memory Formation

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Benjamin Hutchinson ◽  
Sarah S. Pak ◽  
Nicholas B. Turk-Browne
Keyword(s):  
Prior Experience ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Complete Representation ◽  
New Information ◽  
Ventral Temporal Cortex ◽  
Spatial Locations

A key task for the brain is to determine which pieces of information are worth storing in memory. To build a more complete representation of the environment, memory systems may prioritize new information that has not already been stored. Here, we propose a mechanism that supports this preferential encoding of new information, whereby prior experience attenuates neural activity for old information that is competing for processing. We evaluated this hypothesis with fMRI by presenting a series of novel stimuli concurrently with repeated stimuli at different spatial locations in Experiment 1 and from different visual categories (i.e., faces and scenes) in Experiment 2. Subsequent memory for the novel stimuli could be predicted from the reduction in activity in ventral temporal cortex for the accompanying repeated stimuli. This relationship was eliminated in control conditions where the competition during encoding came from another novel stimulus. These findings reveal how prior experience adaptively guides learning toward new aspects of the environment.

Ich denke, also übersetze ich: die Relevanz einer bewussten Reflexion über die Verstehensprozesse beim literarischen Übersetzen mit Beispielen aus der Übersetzung des Briefromans La Tesis de Nancy (1962) von Ramón J. Sender ins Deutsche

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Helmchen
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Metaphorical Thinking ◽  
New Information ◽  
Theoretical Frame ◽  
Professional Translator

AbstractIn the present article and in a theoretical frame based in cognitive linguistics, we will justify and analyse some of the translational processes that have taken place during the translation of the novel “La Tesis de Nancy” (1962). The human being constantly perceives a multitude of impressions which operate as mental impulses and which activate parts of the long-term memory to facilitate the understanding of new information. Apart from the development of mental spaces, the metaphorical thinking plays an important role in the creation of meaning and in the understanding of reality. A professional translator has to consider that an awareness of such processes can be an inspirational source for a creative and functional translation.

Storage and retrieval processes in long-term memory.

1969 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Shiffrin ◽  
R. C. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
Retrieval Processes

ROLE AND USAGE OF ICT IN SCHOOL EDUCATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (36) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Madhavi
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
School Education ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
New Information ◽  
Concrete Form ◽  
Term Storage

When we are working on a computer, the information goes into short term memory. Unless we deliberately save the data onto long term storage, it is lost very quickly. The method we use to save new information that is presented to us determines that we most likely will retrieve it in the future. Similarly the concepts that are explained to the students have to be sent to their long term memory, i.e the abstract has to be made into the concrete form. This is possible by using ICT in classroom situation for making a merry in understanding the concepts if the school education and life. The usage of ICT will not only enhance learning environment but also prepare, next generation for future lives and career as said by Wheeler.

Students with mild intellectual disability engaging in proportions word problems

2020 ◽  
pp. 174462952093783
Author(s):  
Casey Hord ◽  
Kathleen Koenig ◽  
Janet Mannheimer Zydney ◽  
Anna F DeJarnette ◽  
Daniel P Gibboney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Word Problems ◽  
Individualized Instruction ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Mild Intellectual Disability ◽  
Group Settings ◽  
New Information

The researchers conducted a qualitative case study to describe the experiences of two seventh grade students with mild intellectual disability as they engaged in mathematics word problems involving proportions. The researchers analyzed student performance in large group settings and with individualized instruction to gain perspective on the students’ tendencies with challenging mathematics content. During the teaching sessions in this study, one of the participants initially struggled with the proportions word problems, but demonstrated success after teachers connected new information in the tasks to students’ long-term memory and utilized gestures and diagrams to facilitate the students’ processing of information. Another participant succeeded more easily with proportions word problems which, along with the success of the other participant, provides support that students with a mild intellectual disability can succeed with challenging topics, such as proportions word problems.

scholarly journals Retrosplenial Cortex and Long-Term Memory: Molecules to Behavior

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis P. Todd ◽  
David J. Bucci
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Data ◽  
Retrosplenial Cortex ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
Spatial Memories ◽  
Behavioral Evidence ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Activity Dependent

The retrosplenial cortex (RSC) is reciprocally connected with the hippocampus and various parahippocampal cortical regions, suggesting that RSC is well-positioned to contribute to hippocampal-dependent memory. Consistent with this, substantial behavioral evidence indicates that RSC is essential for consolidating and/or retrieving contextual and spatial memories. In addition, there is growing evidence that RSC neurons undergo activity-dependent plastic changes during memory formation and retrieval. In this paper we review both the behavioral and cellular/molecular data and posit that the RSC has a particularly important role in the storage and retrieval of spatial and contextual memories perhaps due its involvement in binding together multiple cues in the environment. We identify remaining questions and avenues for future research that take advantage of emerging methods to selectively manipulate RSC neurons both spatially and temporally and to image the RSC in awake, behaving animals.

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