scholarly journals Perception of group membership from spontaneous and volitional laughter

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roza Gizem Kamiloglu ◽  
Akihiro Tanaka ◽  
Sophie K Scott ◽  
Disa Sauter
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Perceptual Features ◽  
Social Signal ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Production Mechanisms

Laughter is a ubiquitous social signal. Recent work has highlighted distinctions between spontaneous and volitional laughter, which differ in terms of both production mechanisms and perceptual features. Here, we test listeners’ ability to infer group identity from volitional and spontaneous laughter, as well as the perceived positivity of these laughs across cultures. Dutch (n = 273) and Japanese (n = 131) participants listened to decontextualized laughter clips and judged 1) whether the laughing person was from their cultural in-group or an out-group; and 2) whether they thought the laughter was produced spontaneously or volitionally. They also rated the positivity of each laughter clip. Using frequentist and Bayesian analyses, we showed that listeners were able to infer group membership from both spontaneous and volitional laughter, and that performance was equivalent for both types of laughter. Spontaneous laughter was rated as more positive than volitional laughter across the two cultures, and in-group laughs were perceived as more positive than out-group laughs by Dutch but not Japanese listeners. Our results demonstrate that both spontaneous and volitional laughter that can be used by listeners to infer laughers’ cultural group identity.

scholarly journals Perception of group membership from spontaneous and volitional laughter

2021 ◽  
Vol 377 (1841) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roza G. Kamiloğlu ◽  
Akihiro Tanaka ◽  
Sophie K. Scott ◽  
Disa A. Sauter
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Social Signal ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Voice Modulation ◽  
Production Mechanisms

Laughter is a ubiquitous social signal. Recent work has highlighted distinctions between spontaneous and volitional laughter, which differ in terms of both production mechanisms and perceptual features. Here, we test listeners' ability to infer group identity from volitional and spontaneous laughter, as well as the perceived positivity of these laughs across cultures. Dutch ( n = 273) and Japanese ( n = 131) participants listened to decontextualized laughter clips and judged (i) whether the laughing person was from their cultural in-group or an out-group; and (ii) whether they thought the laughter was produced spontaneously or volitionally. They also rated the positivity of each laughter clip. Using frequentist and Bayesian analyses, we show that listeners were able to infer group membership from both spontaneous and volitional laughter, and that performance was equivalent for both types of laughter. Spontaneous laughter was rated as more positive than volitional laughter across the two cultures, and in-group laughs were perceived as more positive than out-group laughs by Dutch but not Japanese listeners. Our results demonstrate that both spontaneous and volitional laughter can be used by listeners to infer laughers’ cultural group identity. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Voice modulation: from origin and mechanism to social impact (Part II)’.

CULTURE MODERATES THE SELF-SERVING BIAS: ETIC AND EMIC FEATURES OF CAUSAL ATTRIBUTIONS IN INDIA AND IN CANADA

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Higgins ◽  
Gira Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Attributional Style ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
The Self ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Attributional Style Questionnaire ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Individualistic Culture

This study tested the hypothesis that individuals from a collectivist culture explain life events using more contextual causes than do those from an individualistic culture. Undergraduates' causal attributions about positive and negative life events were assessed in India (n = 195) and Canada (n = 162) using a revised Attributional Style Questionnaire. Analyses revealed the India participants generated more contextual causes for events, but also had a stronger self-serving bias than did the Canada participants. Further, each cultural group viewed achievement events as more controllable than interpersonal events, but the Canada sample differentiated between achievement and interpersonal events more strongly than did the India sample. The findings demonstrate that causal explanations for life events in the two cultures possess both etic (i.e., universal) and emic (i.e., culture-specific) features.

The Two Cultures: Mashing Up Web 2.0 and the Semantic Web

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupriya Ankolekar ◽  
Markus Krozsch ◽  
Denny Vrandecic
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The Two Cultures

Building Cultural Bridges Between China and India

2021 ◽  
pp. 097133362199045
Author(s):  
Dharm P. S. Bhawuk
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural Psychology ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Indian Culture ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
China And India ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Social Behaviours

Employing one of the established theories from cross-cultural psychology and sociology, first it is shown that both China and India are collectivist cultures. Then the Chinese and Indian worldviews are compared to highlight fundamental similarities between the two cultures. Finally, it is shown how self-cultivation is emphasised in both China and India. Effort is made to show how ideas presented by Confucius and Lao Tsu are captured in the Indian culture and social behaviours. A number of issues are raised for the development of indigenous knowledge from multiple perspectives using various paradigms and methodology. It is hoped that the special issue and this article will stimulate researchers to bridge Chinese and Indian psychologies which may pave the path towards peaceful prosperity.

scholarly journals What Are Friends for in Russia Versus Canada?: An Approach for Documenting Cross-Cultural Differences

2021 ◽  
pp. 106939712110245
Author(s):  
Marina M. Doucerain ◽  
Andrew G. Ryder ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Mental Maps ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences

Most research on friendship has been grounded in Western cultural worlds, a bias that needs to be addressed. To that end, we propose a methodological roadmap to translate linguistic/anthropological work into quantitative psychological cross-cultural investigations of friendship, and showcase its implementation in Russia and Canada. Adopting an intersubjective perspective on culture, we assessed cultural models of friendship in three inter-related ways: by (1) deriving people’s mental maps of close interpersonal relationships; (2) examining the factor structure of friendship; and (3) predicting cultural group membership from a given person’s friendship model. Two studies of Russians (Study 1, n = 89; Study 2a, n = 195; Study 2b, n = 232) and Canadians (Study 1, n = 89; Study 2a, n = 164; Study 2b, n = 199) implemented this approach. The notions of trust and help in adversity emerged as defining features of friendship in Russia but were less clearly present in Canada. Different friendship models seem to be prevalent in these two cultural worlds. The roadmap described in the current research documents these varying intersubjective representations, showcasing an approach that is portable across contexts (rather than limited to a specific cross-cultural contrast) and relies on well-established methods (i.e., easily accessible in many research contexts).

scholarly journals Immigration and Multiculturalism in Italy: The Religious Experience of the Peruvian Community in the Eternal City

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Verónica Roldán
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Immigrant Communities ◽  
Roman Catholicism ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The World ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Popular Religiosity

The present study on the religious experience of the Peruvian community in Rome belongs to the area of studies on immigration, multiculturalism, and religion in Italy. In this article, I analyze the devotion of the Peruvian community in Rome to “the Lord of Miracles”. This pious tradition, which venerates the image of Christ crucified—painted by an Angolan slave—began in 1651 in Lima, during the Viceroyalty of Peru. Today, the sacred image is venerated in countries all over the world that host Peruvian immigrant communities that have set up branches of the Confraternity of the Lord of Miracles. I examine, in particular, the cult of el Señor de los Milagros in Rome in terms of Peruvian popular religiosity and national identity experienced within a transnational context. This essay serves two purposes: The first is to analyze the significance that this religious experience acquires in a foreign environment while maintaining links with its country of origin and its cultural traditions in a multilocal environment. The second aim is to examine the integration of the Peruvian community into Italian society, beginning with religious practice, in this case Roman Catholicism. This kind of religiosity seems not only to favor the encounter between the two cultures but also to render Italian Roman Catholicism multicultural.

I See Myself through My Avatar: Evidence from East Asia and North America for Acculturated Effects on Virtual Representation Preference

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunwoo Yoon ◽  
Patrick T. Vargas
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Future Research ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
North Americans ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Quasi Experiment

In the present research we argue that avatars, as identity containers, can mirror people’s self-concepts. Research in cultural psychology suggests that East Asians tend to be more tolerant of contradictions and that they more easily adjust their self-concepts in accordance with changing contexts compared to North Americans (see Heine 2001). We therefore assume that preferred forms of avatars among East Asians and North Americans are different because of this self-concept variability across cultures. We conducted a quasi-experiment to explore how people in the two cultures differently evaluate two forms of avatars, human-like and cartoon-like avatars, in terms of likeability and preference. We found that East Asians rated cartoon-like avatars more favourably than North Americans. Moreover, compared to North Americans, East Asians preferred cartoon-like avatars to human-like avatars for their hypothetical avatars to play games. We conclude by discussing implications for future research.

Trust in the Workplace: The Role of Social Interaction Diversity in the Community and in the Workplace

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Cui ◽  
Ilan Vertinsky ◽  
Sandra Robinson ◽  
Oana Branzei
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Collectivistic Cultures ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
The Impact

Extending the literature on social capital development in the community, this article examines the impact of diverse social interactions (in the community and the workplace) on the development of social trust in the workplace, and investigates whether their effects differ in individualistic and collectivistic cultures. Using survey data collected in Canada and China, the authors find that the diversity of one’s social interactions in the community is positively associated with one’s social trust in the workplace, and this relationship is not significantly different between the two cultures. Diversity of one’s social interactions in the workplace is also positively associated with one’s social trust in the workplace, though only in collectivistic cultures.

The Two Cultures and the Total Institution

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Perry
Keyword(s):  
Total Institution ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The Two Cultures
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