A Novel Ternary Ordered Intermetallics Cu3ZnSb As Anode for Alkali-Ion Storage
Among the high capacity anodes, antimony (Sb) shows a high theoretical capacity of 660 mAh/g by formingNa3Sb, safer working potential and less volume expansion compared to graphite anodes for Na-ionbatteries(NIBs). Sb-based intermetallic systems can actively take part in sodiation /de-sodiation reaction.The relatively small volume change during charge-discharge reactions makes them promising anodes for Na-ion batteries. Cu2Sb has extensively been studied as intermetallic Sb-based anode for Na-ion storage. Theanodes are capable of transferring three electrons in the redox reaction giving rise to a capacity of 250 mAh/gwhich is closely 77% of its theoretical capacity. In this study, a ternary intermetallic Sb-based alloyCu3ZnSb has been investigated to attain better electrochemical performance.Ternary Cu3ZnSb crystallises in tetragonal space group P4/nmm (129) with lattice parameters a = 4.2171 (3)Å and c = 8.6925 (11) Å. The structure is built up with [Cu3Sb] slabs that correspond to the unit cells ofCu2Sb and planer 44 nets of Zn atoms. The planar nets of Zn atoms are interspersed between two adjacent[Cu3Sb] slabs. The structure of Cu3ZnSb can be viewed as stacking of Cu2Sb-unit cells interleaved with CsCltype b’-brass (CuZn) layers along c-direction.Ternary Cu3ZnSb anodes exhibit an initial discharge capacity of 323 mAh/g when cycled at a rate of 0.05C inthe voltage range of 0.005 – 2 V. The average voltage can be calculated as 0.4 V with respect to Na/Na+. Although, the discharge capacity fades in the initial cycles, from the 6th cycle onwards a reversiblecapacity of 56 mAh/g has been observed for the pristine material.