Testing the specificity of environmental risk factors for developmental outcomes

Developmental theories often assume that specific kinds of environmental risks lead to specific outcomes. Canonical Correlation Analysis was used to test whether 28 developmental outcomes (measured at 11-15 years) share the same early environmental risk factors (measured at 0-3 years), or whether specific outcomes are associated with specific risks. Data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (N = 10,376, 51% Female, 84% White) were used. A single environment component was mostly sufficient for explaining cognition and parent-rated behavior outcomes. In contrast, adolescents’ alcohol and tobacco consumption were specifically associated with their parents’, and child-rated mental health was weakly associated with all risks. These findings suggest that with some exceptions, many different developmental outcomes share the same early environmental risk factors.

Download Full-text

Genetic and environmental risk factors in males for self-report externalizing traits in mid-adolescence and criminal behavior through young adulthood

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s003329171300007x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 43 (10) ◽

pp. 2161-2168 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

K. S. Kendler ◽

C. J. Patrick ◽

H. Larsson ◽

C. O. Gardner ◽

P. Lichtenstein

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Criminal Behavior ◽

Environmental Risk Factors ◽

Environmental Risks ◽

The Self ◽

Self Report ◽

Equation Modeling

BackgroundExternalizing traits or behaviors are typically assessed by self-report scales or criminal records. Few genetically informative studies have used both methods to determine whether they assess the same genetic or environmental risk factors.MethodWe examined 442 male Swedish twin pairs with self-reported externalizing behaviors at age 16–17 years [externalizing traits (EXT), self-reported delinquency (SRD), impulsivity (IMP), grandiosity (GRD) and callousness (CLS)] and criminal behavior (CB) from the National Suspect Registry from age 13 to 25 years. Multivariate structural equation modeling was conducted with Mx.ResultsThe best-fit model contained one genetic, one shared environmental and two non-shared environmental common factors, and variable specific genetic and non-shared environmental factors. The risk for CB was influenced substantially by both genetic (a2 = 0.48) and familial–environmental factors (c2 = 0.22). About one-third of the genetic risk for CB but all of the shared environmental risk was indexed by the self-report measures. The degree to which the individual measures reflected genetic versus familial–environmental risks for CB varied widely. GRD and CLS were correlated with CB mainly through common genetic risk factors. SRD and CB covaried largely because of shared familial–environmental factors. For EXT and IMP, observed correlations with CB resulted in about equal parts from shared genetic and shared familial–environmental factors.ConclusionsIn adolescence, measures of grandiose and callous temperament best tap the genetic liability to CB. Measures of antisocial behaviors better index familial–environmental risks for CB. A substantial proportion of the genetic risk to CB was not well reflected in any of the self-report measures.

Download Full-text

Avaliação dos fatores de risco ambientais para quedas em idosos da comunidade: revisão narrativa de literatura /Assessment of environmental risk factors for falls in the elderly community: narrative literature review

Revista Interinstitucional Brasileira de Terapia Ocupacional - REVISBRATO ◽

10.47222/2526-3544.rbto36730 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 387-402

Author(s):

Karina Stella Aoki Ferreira ◽

Anna Raquel Silveira Gomes

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

The Elderly ◽

Environmental Risk Factors ◽

Environmental Risks ◽

Factores De Riesgo ◽

Risk Of Falls ◽

Narrative Literature Review ◽

Extrinsic Risk ◽

Risk Factors For Falls

Introdução: A identificação dos fatores de risco ambientais de quedas é determinante para a prevenção deste evento em idosos da comunidade. Objetivo: Apresentar as principais diretrizes para a avaliação dos riscos ambientais de quedas em idosos da comunidade. Método: Revisão narrativa de literatura com pesquisa bibliográfica realizada por meio de busca nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO e PubMed no período de agosto a novembro de 2018. Resultados: As diretrizes sobre riscos de quedas em idosos da comunidade recomendam a realização de avaliação multifatorial, incluindo fatores de risco intrínsecos e extrínsecos, com destaque para os fatores domiciliares. Diversas abordagens e ferramentas têm sido utilizadas para a avaliação do risco de quedas em idosos da comunidade. Entre os instrumentos validados para a avaliação de riscos ambientais residenciais, a maioria requer visita domiciliar pelo profissional de saúde para ser aplicado. Conclusão: Avaliação multifatorial é fundamental para identificar os principais fatores de risco para quedas em idosos da comunidade. A identificação de perigos no domicílio é um dos requisitos fundamentais para uma avaliação eficiente.Palavras-chave: Acidentes por Quedas. Idosos. Avaliação de Risco. Riscos Ambientais. AbstractIntroduction: The identification of environmental risk factors for falls is crucial for the prevention of this event in the elderly in the community. Objective: To present the main guidelines for the assessment of the environmental risks of falls among elderly people in the community. Method: Narrative review of literature with bibliographic research carried out by searching the LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO and PubMed databases from August to November 2018. Results: The guidelines on the risks of falls in the elderly in the community recommend carrying out multifactorial assessment, including intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors, with emphasis on household factors. Several approaches and tools have been used to assess the risk of falls in the elderly in the community. Among the validated instruments for assessing residential environmental risks, most require home visits by health professionals to be applied. Conclusion: Multifactorial assessment is essential to identify the main risk factors for falls in the elderly in the community. The identification of hazards at home is one of the fundamental requirements for an efficient assessment.Keywords: Accidental Falls. Aged, Risk Assessment. Environmental Risks. ResumenIntroducción: La identificación de los factores de riesgo ambientales para las caídas es crucial para la prevención de este evento en los ancianos de la comunidad. Objetivo: Presentar las principales pautas para la evaluación de los riesgos ambientales de caídas entre las personas mayores en la comunidad. Método: revisión narrativa de la literatura con investigación bibliográfica realizada mediante la búsqueda en las bases de datos LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO y PubMed de agosto a noviembre de 2018. Resultados: las pautas sobre los riesgos de caídas en los ancianos en la comunidad recomiendan llevar a cabo evaluación multifactorial, incluidos los factores de riesgo intrínsecos y extrínsecos, con énfasis en los factores del hogar. Se han utilizado varios enfoques y herramientas para evaluar el riesgo de caídas en los ancianos de la comunidad. Entre los instrumentos validados para evaluar los riesgos ambientales residenciales, la mayoría requiere que se apliquen visitas domiciliarias de profesionales de la salud. Conclusión: la evaluación multifactorial es esencial para identificar los principales factores de riesgo de caídas en los ancianos de la comunidad. La identificación de los peligros en el hogar es uno de los requisitos fundamentales para una evaluación eficiente.Palabras clave: Accidentes por Caídas. Personas Mayores. Evaluación de Riesgos. Riesgos Ambientales.

Download Full-text

Do environmental risk factors for the development of psychosis distribute differently across dimensionally assessed psychotic experiences?

Translational Psychiatry ◽

10.1038/s41398-021-01265-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jan Cosgrave ◽

Ross J. Purple ◽

Ross Haines ◽

Kate Porcheret ◽

Dalena van Heugten-van der Kloet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Environmental Exposures ◽

Environmental Risk Factors ◽

Two Dimensions ◽

Environmental Risks ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Psychotic Experiences

AbstractPsychotic experiences (PE) are associated with poorer functioning, higher distress and the onset of serious mental illness. Environmental exposures (e.g. childhood abuse) are associated with the development of PE. However, which specific exposures convey risk for each type or dimension of PE has rarely been explored. The Oxford Wellbeing Life and Sleep (OWLS) survey includes 22 environmental risk factors for psychosis and was designed to examine how environmental risks are associated with specific dimensions of PE. Multivariate logistic regression models were fit using these risk factors to predict six dimensions of PE (perceptual abnormalities, persecutory ideation, bizarre ideas, cognitive disorganisation, delusional mood and negative symptoms). Models were built using only 70% of the data, and then fit to the remaining data to assess their generalisability and quality. 1789 (27.2% men; mean age = 27.6; SD = 10.9) survey responses were analysed. The risk factors predictive of the most PE were anxiety, social withdrawal during childhood and trauma. Cannabis and depression predicted three dimensions with both predicting bizarre ideas and persecutory ideation. Psychological abuse and sleep quality each predicted two dimensions (persecutory ideation and delusional mood). Risk factors predicting one PE dimension were age (predicting cognitive disorganisation), physical abuse (bizarre ideas), bullying and gender (persecutory ideation); and circadian phase (delusional mood). These results lend support for a continuum of psychosis, suggesting environmental risks for psychotic disorders also increase the risk of assorted dimensions of PE. Furthermore, it advocates the use of dimensional approaches when examining environmental exposures for PE given that environmental risks distribute differently across dimensions.

Download Full-text