scholarly journals Stem Alternation in Tłı̨chǫ Yatıì Classificatory Verbs: A Cognitive Semantic Account

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Al-Bataineh
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Feature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Account ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Feature Geometry ◽  
Cognitive Semantic ◽  
Field Notes

This paper investigates the phenomenon of ‘classificatory verbs,’ i.e., a set of motion and positional verbs that show stem alternation depending on the semantic features of one of their arguments. The data is drawn mainly from Tłı̨chǫ Yatıì Multimedia Dictionary, Nicholas Welch’s field notes, and other documentary sources of the language. Tłı̨chǫ classificatory verbs are presented and analyzed in detail. The paper argues that Tłı̨chǫ Yatıì classificatory verbs belong to four semantic subclasses and that these subclasses show a decreasing degree of stem alternations related to argument classification. The inconsistency in stem alternation is triggered by the presence or absence of some semantic features that determine the number of stem allomorphs. Locative verbs are affected by the [COMFORT] feature, and the other three sets are influenced by [TRANSFER], [INITIAL AGENTIVE] and [FINAL AGENTIVE] features. Moreover, the paper outlines a semantic feature geometry that accounts for the observed regularities in classificatory verb stems and their possible variations intra- and cross-linguistically.

Alternations of classificatory verb stems in Tłı̨chǫ Yatıì: a cognitive semantic account

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Al-Bataineh
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Category ◽  
Motion Verbs ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Account ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Binary Choices ◽  
Cognitive Semantic ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This paper investigates the phenomenon of ‘classificatory verbs’, i.e. a set of motion and positional verbs that show stem alternations depending on the semantic features of one of their arguments in Tłı̨chǫ Yatıì (Dogrib), based on field notes and documentary sources of the language. The paper shows that Tłı̨chǫ classificatory verbal categories belong to four semantic subclasses which have inconsistent stem inventories caused by the presence or absence of some semantic features. Stem inventories of locative verb systems vary depending on the scalar [effort] feature, and those of motion verbs correlate with the scalar [agentive] feature. The paper explains why other semantically related verbs do not show stem alternations and proposes contrastive hierarchies to represent variations in stem inventories intra- and cross-linguistically assuming that the selection of a stem for a particular semantic category follows a series of binary choices that characterize the opposition’s active in the language.

Alternations of classificatory verb stems in Tłı̨chǫ Yatıì: a cognitive semantic account

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-194
Author(s):  
Hussein Al-Bataineh
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Category ◽  
Motion Verbs ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Account ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Binary Choices ◽  
Cognitive Semantic ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This paper investigates the phenomenon of ‘classificatory verbs’, i.e. a set of motion and positional verbs that show stem alternations depending on the semantic features of one of their arguments in Tłı̨chǫ Yatıì (Dogrib), based on field notes and documentary sources of the language. The paper shows that Tłı̨chǫ classificatory verbal categories belong to four semantic subclasses which have inconsistent stem inventories caused by the presence or absence of some semantic features. Stem inventories of locative verb systems vary depending on the scalar [effort] feature, and those of motion verbs correlate with the scalar [agentive] feature. The paper explains why other semantically related verbs do not show stem alternations and proposes contrastive hierarchies to represent variations in stem inventories intra- and cross-linguistically assuming that the selection of a stem for a particular semantic category follows a series of binary choices that characterize the opposition’s active in the language.

scholarly journals Basic levels of categorization: A comparison of selected English and Polish verbs

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-70
Author(s):  
Olga Sokołowska
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Semantic Account ◽  
Cognitive Semantic ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Basic English ◽  
Basic Level

The phenomenon of basic level concepts in cognition and categorization, so crucial in the cognitive account of natural language is typically accessed via what is perceptually the most outstanding phenomena represented in many languages, at least those rooted in Proto-IndoEuropean (specifically English and Polish) by nouns fulfilling the criteria of basic terms, originally established for classifying color vocabulary. These are prototypical examples in the category of nouns – relating to countable, material objects. Nominal representation, according to Langacker (1987) is indicative of a given stimulus being perceived and conceptualized as a thing, i.e., a region in one or more cognitive domains (conceptions) established in the speakers’ minds. This is a rather self-imposing construal of physical, countable stimuli, which meet the good gestalt criteria, such as animals, plants, and man-made objects of everyday use. The semantic scopes of nouns representing such phenomena seem to overlap to a relatively high degree across languages, especially related ones, such as English and Polish, and finding the precise equivalents within them does not pose particular problems. This is hardly the case when it comes to phenomena represented by verbs and classifiable as processes in Langacker’s cognitive, semantic account of the division of words into parts of speech. A comparison of the meaning of selected basic English verbs and their closest Polish counterparts reveals serious discrepancies in a number of cases. Thus, certain basic English verbs representing common, everyday physical activities prove to differ considerably from their Polish counterparts with regard to their respective levels of schematicity/ specificity of meaning, and, in consequence, the range of cognitive domains involved in their semantic scopes. This is the case of such equivalent lexemes as płynąć/pływać – swim; sail; flow; float or break – łamać; tłuc; rwać; drzeć. In both cases, one language is quite specific while the other is much more schematic as regards the actual cognitive domains activated by corresponding words and the degree to which that activation in the stimulated conceptual blends depends on the lexical context in which the respective words are used. This indicates that even related languages spoken by communities from similar cultural circles may codify considerably different construals of the same nonmaterial phenomena, specifically processes.

scholarly journals An Efficient Module for Instance Segmentation Based on Multi-Level Features and Attention Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 968
Author(s):  
Yingchun Sun ◽  
Wang Gao ◽  
Shuguo Pan ◽  
Tao Zhao ◽  
Yahui Peng
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Semantic Feature ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Segmentation Method ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
Feature Pyramid ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Instance Segmentation

Recently, multi-level feature networks have been extensively used in instance segmentation. However, because not all features are beneficial to instance segmentation tasks, the performance of networks cannot be adequately improved by synthesizing multi-level convolutional features indiscriminately. In order to solve the problem, an attention-based feature pyramid module (AFPM) is proposed, which integrates the attention mechanism on the basis of a multi-level feature pyramid network to efficiently and pertinently extract the high-level semantic features and low-level spatial structure features; for instance, segmentation. Firstly, we adopt a convolutional block attention module (CBAM) into feature extraction, and sequentially generate attention maps which focus on instance-related features along the channel and spatial dimensions. Secondly, we build inter-dimensional dependencies through a convolutional triplet attention module (CTAM) in lateral attention connections, which is used to propagate a helpful semantic feature map and filter redundant informative features irrelevant to instance objects. Finally, we construct branches for feature enhancement to strengthen detailed information to boost the entire feature hierarchy of the network. The experimental results on the Cityscapes dataset manifest that the proposed module outperforms other excellent methods under different evaluation metrics and effectively upgrades the performance of the instance segmentation method.

scholarly journals Memorial Book of the Chechen Republic

2011 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Zarema H. Ibragimova
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Working Out

On the history of the Memorial Book of the Chechen Republic as compared with preparation and publication of similar books in the other country’s regions. Working out of historical and documentary sources and present them a wide public in the long term reconstruction of historical events of the Great Patriotic War is actual.

scholarly journals The Orchard Birds of an Illinois Summer

1921 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-10) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Stephen Forbes ◽  
Alfred Gross
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Complete Treatment ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
The Many

The widely separated residences of the present authors, one of us living in Maine and the other in Illinois, and the many engrossing preoccupations of both, have made it impossible until now for us to have the personal conferences or to provide for the cooperation necessary to a complete treatment of our subject ; and it is with pleasure that we at last find ourselves in a position to work together through the mass of tables long ago made ready, and to avail ourselves, in their discussion, of the copious field notes and valuable reminiscenses of Professor Gross, often quite essential to an interpretation of our data. We now hope to prepare, without undue delay, a series of papers, the first of which is here presented.

A Multi-Dimensional Exploration of Future Aspect Marker "Dai" in Chinese Dialect from the Perspective of Typology — Take Gansu Tianzhu Dialect as an Example

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 5440-5452
Author(s):  
Song Shan ◽  
Min Chunfang
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Regional Characteristics ◽  
Future Aspect ◽  
The Future ◽  
Aspect Marker ◽  
Chinese Dialect

Objectives: In Tianzhu dialect, the use of the future aspect marker "Dai[tɛi44]" is frequent. The grammatical meaning of the future aspect marker, "verb phrase (VP) +'Dai[tɛi44]+[lio21]'", in Tianzhu dialect can be divided into two categories according to the differences of VP: one indicates that the end of the action is about to be reached, that is, "VP +'Dai1[tɛi44]+[lio21]'"; the other indicates that the action is about to begin, that is, "VP +‘Dai2[tɛi44]+[lio21]’ ". This article takes the Tianzhu dialect aspect marker "Dai[tɛi44]" as the main research object, and focuses on the grammatical functions and semantic features of "Dai1[tɛi44]" and "Dai2[tɛi44]" by studying the actionality types of verbs in Tianzhu dialect, and compares the future aspect marker "Dai[tɛi44]" in Tianzhu dialect with the future aspect markers of other Chinese dialect in Northwest China, and generalizes the geographical distribution and regional characteristics of the future aspect marker "Dai[tɛi44]".

scholarly journals Chinese Event Extraction Based on Attention and Semantic Features: A Bidirectional Circular Neural Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Wu ◽  
Junyi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Attention Mechanism ◽  
Semantic Feature ◽  
Word Embedding ◽  
Event Extraction ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Improve Performance

Chinese event extraction uses word embedding to capture similarity, but suffers when handling previously unseen or rare words. From the test, we know that characters may provide some information that we cannot obtain in words, so we propose a novel architecture for combining word representations: character–word embedding based on attention and semantic features. By using an attention mechanism, our method is able to dynamically decide how much information to use from word or character level embedding. With the semantic feature, we can obtain some more information about a word from the sentence. We evaluate different methods on the CEC Corpus, and this method is found to improve performance.

scholarly journals “That's Not the Only Reason We Love Him”: Tchaikovskii Reception in Post-Soviet Russia

Slavic Review ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-76
Author(s):  
Philip Ross Bullock
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Constant Tension ◽  
Russian Politics ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The One

This article examines the writing and reception of Tchaikovskii's biography in Russia since 1991, arguing that there has been a constant tension between documentary approaches to the composer's life on the one hand, and popular responses that have frequently resisted scholarly narratives on the other. After the Soviet collapse, a number of former taboos relating to Tchaikovskii's life were lifted, including his homosexuality. Documentary sources began to appear in print, including unexpurgated editions of his letters and diaries. Yet this process has not been without its detractors. Alongside a general tendency to decry the publication and citation of intimate personal correspondence, there have been a number of attempts in the popular press to “disprove” that Tchaikovskii was a homosexual. Social media have proved to be a further site for the discussion of these issues, disseminating the findings of scholarly literature to a readership far wider than originally anticipated. By way of conclusion, it will be suggested that one of the fundamental reasons for the frequent denial of Tchaikovskii's sexuality is that the cause of equal rights is in tension with current trends in Russian politics and society.

scholarly journals The Polysemy of “chɔ̂ɔp” in Thai: A Pragmatically Motivated Phenomenon

MANUSYA ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Kandaporn Jaroenkitboworn
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Semantic Feature ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Social Standing ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Characteristic Behavior ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Pragmatic Motivation

This paper analyzes the word chɔ̂ɔp in Thai, which normally signifies three different meanings, namely ‘to be right’, ‘to like’ and ‘often’. The result of the analysis shows that it is more likely that the polysemy of chɔ̂ɔp arises from pragmatic motivation. Pragmatic motivation, which covers factors such as speakers’ attitude, intention, point of view, behavior and social standing, can affect actual use of language. Pragmatically, the word chɔ̂ɔp that means ‘to be right’ can easily lead to an action of agreement. In other words, when we regard something right; we tend to agree on it without argument. This attitude is related to another meaning of chɔ̂ɔp in the way that the degree of agreeability is strengthened into the meaning ‘to like’, or even ‘to love’ and ‘to enjoy’ sometimes. Also, when we like something, or even love and enjoy some activity, this kind of feeling can motivate us to do it again and again and thus we come to have a characteristic behavior. This typical behavior can consequently cause semantic features like [habitual] and [iterative] to occur. With the semantic feature [iterative], the word chɔ̂ɔp then has yet another meaning as ‘often’. This paper also discusses the grammaticalization of the word chɔ̂ɔp from a verb which means ‘to like’ into an adverb of frequency that means ‘often’ i.e. there is a change of word class or part of speech. It was found that there are many cases of chɔ̂ɔp that appear syntactically and semantically ambiguous, or, in other words they are in a transitional period of word class change. This paper indicates that such an ambiguity or incipient grammaticalization is motivated by the speaker’s attitude and point of view.

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