Usage of Mushrooms in Culinary and Medicinal Purposes

The present article reviews the history of mushroom uses in culinary, food and medicinal values; current status and future aspect of mushroom research. Mushrooms contain biologically active polysaccharides, lipid and proteins in fruit bodies, each of them has a distinct role in health as either nutritional value or medicinal elements. Immunostimulating polysaccharides found in mushrooms, are most important for modern medicine. Several of the mushroom biomolecules have undergone phase I, II, and III clinical trials and are used extensively and successfully throughout the world for the treatment of various cancers and other diseases. Medicinal functions played by the mushrooms include antitumor, antibacterial, antioxidant, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, detoxification, cardiovascular, antihypercholesterolemia, antiviral, antifungal, hepatoprotective, immunomodulating and free radical scavenging. The present review draws attention to nutritional and medicinal importance of mushroom as well as the problems and opportunity in the future development of mushroom research.

ETHNOBOTANY AND PHARMACOGNOSY OF TRIBE MAYDEAE (POACEAE)

Grasses (Poaceae) are the monocotyledonous, herbaceous plants with cosmopolitan in distribution. In food chain and ecology, it plays an important role as a base resource. Maize is the well-known plant of tribe Maydeae of the family Poaceae which is used all over the world for food, fodder, beverages and primary source for production of milk and meat. Only few grasses are well-known for their medicinal value. Present study is an overview of Tribe Maydeae with special approach to endemic wild relatives and in context of future aspect in ethnomedicinal and pharmacological studies.

A Review on Face masks – Current Scenario and Future Aspect

Viruses and bacteria have posed a significant threat in various parts of the planet at various times. However, in 2020, the entire world was affected at the same time in such a way that it changed the very foundation of how we live, work, and interact with one another. Never before in history has the entire human race been so vulnerable at the same moment. The most economical preventive measures for most people all over the world during this period were sanitizers and face masks. Many different types of face masks have been fabricated keeping various factors like their antimicrobial effectiveness, reusability, eco-friendly method of manufacturing, cost-effectiveness and most importantly biodegradability. This paper gives an overview of those materials which are used in face masks which could be synthesized easily and affordably. The future perspective of the masks is also briefly discussed keeping the smart and sensor based devices on the rise, providing information for researchers looking for ways to synthesise face masks that would satisfy the needs of the circumstance.

A Multi-Dimensional Exploration of Future Aspect Marker "Dai" in Chinese Dialect from the Perspective of Typology — Take Gansu Tianzhu Dialect as an Example

Objectives: In Tianzhu dialect, the use of the future aspect marker "Dai[tɛi44]" is frequent. The grammatical meaning of the future aspect marker, "verb phrase (VP) +'Dai[tɛi44]+[lio21]'", in Tianzhu dialect can be divided into two categories according to the differences of VP: one indicates that the end of the action is about to be reached, that is, "VP +'Dai1[tɛi44]+[lio21]'"; the other indicates that the action is about to begin, that is, "VP +‘Dai2[tɛi44]+[lio21]’ ". This article takes the Tianzhu dialect aspect marker "Dai[tɛi44]" as the main research object, and focuses on the grammatical functions and semantic features of "Dai1[tɛi44]" and "Dai2[tɛi44]" by studying the actionality types of verbs in Tianzhu dialect, and compares the future aspect marker "Dai[tɛi44]" in Tianzhu dialect with the future aspect markers of other Chinese dialect in Northwest China, and generalizes the geographical distribution and regional characteristics of the future aspect marker "Dai[tɛi44]".

Microbes as remediating agents in detoxification of dyes

Dyes are colored substances being used to color various types of fabrics and materials from ancient time. During their use in the coloring of various types of materials as well as during their synthesis; they come out in the environment as such or in the form of toxic by-products and by mixing in aqueous system generate various types of problems to organisms living in that aqueous environment as well as human beings using that polluted water in any way. Several techniques are being used in the present time to solve such environmental problems. In this direction, many researches are also running on the green use of microbial technology in bioremediation of toxic, carcinogenic and extremely harmful unused dye’s products as well as its by-products by elimination or degradation or de-colorization. This mini-review discusses about the some recent researches done in this field in order to solve this problem and future aspect of the use of this green technology

Phylogenetic Analysis of Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Enzyme and Its Future Aspect in Treatment of Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Enzyme Deficiency (Phenylketonuria)

PAH enzyme is one of the most vital enzymes in protein metabolism of the body. The enzyme has been found in various organisms and thus proves it has evolved along with speciation.PAH catalyses hydroxylation of the aromatic side of the phenylalanine to generate Tyrosine (4-hydroxyphenylalanine), one of the 20 standard amino acids that exist. The buildup of excess phenylalanine in the body due to deficiency of PAH causes a condition called Phenylketonuria which causes significant nerve damage. The condition Phenylketonuria is caused due to genetic mutation in PAH gene (Cr.12 )in an individual which can cause PAH enzyme deficiency. The purpose of this analysis was to use the existing Bioinformatics databases to draw relevant similarities of PAH of Homo sapiens and other organism using BLAST , MSA(Multiple Sequence Alignment) and phylogenetic relation while proposing the use of gene therapy using the data derived to cure Phenylketonuria