General relativity and universal wave function

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly Kuyukov
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Wave Function

General relativity and universal wave function

scholarly journals Possible Unification of Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity Theory Based on the Three-Dimensional Quantized Spaces

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Kwang Hwang
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Relativity Theory ◽  
General Relativity Theory ◽  
Dimensional Space Time

Three-dimensional quantized space model is newly introduced. Quantum mechanics and relativity theory are explained in terms of the warped three-dimensional quantized spaces with the quantum time width (Dt=tq). The energy is newly defined as the 4-dimensional space-time volume of E = cDtDV in the present work. It is shown that the wave function of the quantum mechanics is closely related to the warped quantized space shape with the space time-volume. The quantum entanglement and quantum wave function collapse are explained additionally. The special relativity theory is separated into the energy transition associated with the space-time shape transition of the matter and the momentum transition associated with the space-time location transition. Then, the quantum mechanics and the general relativity theory are about the 4-dimensional space-time volume and the 4-dimensional space-time distance, respectively.

scholarly journals Quantum mechanics and the gravitational red shift

1971 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-318
Author(s):  
H. F. Stoeckli
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Wave Equation ◽  
Red Shift ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
First Order ◽  
Time Differential ◽  
Classical Quantum

AbstractIt is shown that the formula for the gravitational red shift predicted by the theory of general relativity can also be derived by classical quantum mechanics combined with relativistic arguments. The agreement between the two derivations is a consequence of the separability of the time-dependent wave function, and of the first-order time differential in the wave equation.

General relativity and holographic wave function

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly Kuyukov
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Wave Function

General relativity and holographic wave function

scholarly journals HERACLITEAN TIME PROPOSAL REVISITED

1995 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
ORFEU BERTOLAMI
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Relaxation Mechanism ◽  
Cosmological Term ◽  
Classical Level ◽  
Canonical Quantum Gravity ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Canonical Quantum

Difficulties in the interpretation of the wave function of the Universe in canonical quantum gravity suggest that the use of dynamical variables to play the role of time is not quite consistent. A formulation of canonical quantum gravity in which time is an extrinsic variable has been previously studied with the problem of being compatible, at the classical level, with General Relativity with a nonvanishing unspecified cosmological constant. We argue that this last problem can be circumvented by introducing a nondynamical scalar field which allows for a relaxation mechanism for the cosmological term.

Historical Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-90
Author(s):  
P.J.E. Peebles
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Physical State ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Fixed Boundary ◽  
World Picture ◽  
The Third ◽  
Energy Quantization

This chapter presents the origins of quantum mechanics. The story of how people hit on the highly non-intuitive world picture of quantum mechanics, in which the physical state of a system is represented by an element in an abstract linear space and its observable properties by operators in the space, is fascinating and exceedingly complicated. The much greater change from the classical world picture of Newtonian mechanics and general relativity to the quantum world picture came in many steps taken by many people, often against the better judgment of participants. There are three major elements in the story. The first is the experimental evidence that the energy of an isolated system can only assume special discrete or quantized values. The second is the idea that the energy is proportional to the frequency of a wave function associated with the system. The third is the connection between the de Broglie relation and energy quantization through the mathematical result that a wave equation with fixed boundary conditions allows only discrete quantized values of the frequency of oscillation of the wave function (as in the fundamental and harmonics of the vibration of a violin string).

COVARIANT RELATIVISTIC DYNAMICS AND THE CONCEPT OF TIME

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 1681-1696
Author(s):  
D. M. LUDWIN ◽  
L. P. HORWITZ
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
World Line ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Relativistic Dynamics ◽  
Newtonian Physics ◽  
Covariant Quantum ◽  
Spatial Axis

The role of time has changed conceptually moving from classical Newtonian physics to general relativity and is one of the main obstacles avoiding a clear unification between a covariant quantum mechanics theory and a theory of gravity. In quantum mechanics as in Newtonian physics, time is an evolutional causal parameter, while in general relativity, time has become a spatial axis where matter is spread over the whole world line (an unlocalized 4D wave function), and the 4D picture became a static picture where our empirical experience of dynamics is merely an illusion of our minds. Understanding that Newtonian time still exists in parallel to the 4D world, raises the possibility to describe gravity within a manifestly covariant quantum theory. The examples of the use of such a theory raise the possibility of a clear interpretation of recent interference in time experiments, and also raise new physics when dealing with a curved spacetime.

Analytic integration of contrast transfer functions

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 822-823
Author(s):  
Peter Rez
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Direction Parallel ◽  
Scattering Angle ◽  
Analytic Integration ◽  
Image Position

In high resolution microscopy the image amplitude is given by the convolution of the specimen exit surface wave function and the microscope objective lens transfer function. This is usually done by multiplying the wave function and the transfer function in reciprocal space and integrating over the effective aperture. For very thin specimens the scattering can be represented by a weak phase object and the amplitude observed in the image plane is1where fe (Θ) is the electron scattering factor, r is a postition variable, Θ a scattering angle and x(Θ) the lens transfer function. x(Θ) is given by2where Cs is the objective lens spherical aberration coefficient, the wavelength, and f the defocus.We shall consider one dimensional scattering that might arise from a cross sectional specimen containing disordered planes of a heavy element stacked in a regular sequence among planes of lighter elements. In a direction parallel to the disordered planes there will be a continuous distribution of scattering angle.

Atomic Imaging of Crystals using Large-Angle Electron Scattering in STEM

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-75
Author(s):  
D.E. Jesson ◽  
S. J. Pennycook
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Large Angle ◽  
Real Space ◽  
High Angle ◽  
Analytical Treatment ◽  
Order Zero ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Ewald Sphere

It is well known that conventional atomic resolution electron microscopy is a coherent imaging process best interpreted in reciprocal space using contrast transfer function theory. This is because the equivalent real space interpretation involving a convolution between the exit face wave function and the instrumental response is difficult to visualize. Furthermore, the crystal wave function is not simply related to the projected crystal potential, except under a very restrictive set of experimental conditions, making image simulation an essential part of image interpretation. In this paper we present a different conceptual approach to the atomic imaging of crystals based on incoherent imaging theory. Using a real-space analysis of electron scattering to a high-angle annular detector, it is shown how the STEM imaging process can be partitioned into components parallel and perpendicular to the relevant low index zone-axis.It has become customary to describe STEM imaging using the analytical treatment developed by Cowley. However, the convenient assumption of a phase object (which neglects the curvature of the Ewald sphere) fails rapidly for large scattering angles, even in very thin crystals. Thus, to avoid unpredictive numerical solutions, it would seem more appropriate to apply pseudo-kinematic theory to the treatment of the weak high angle signal. Diffraction to medium order zero-layer reflections is most important compared with thermal diffuse scattering in very thin crystals (<5nm). The electron wave function ψ(R,z) at a depth z and transverse coordinate R due to a phase aberrated surface probe function P(R-RO) located at RO is then well described by the channeling approximation;

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