Methodological Status of the Concept of World Picture and its Philosophical Origins

The world picture in a literary text is created by linguistic means, while it reflects the individual picture of the world in the mind of the writer and is embodied in the selection of elements of the content of the work of art; the selection of the language means used; in the individual use of figurative means. The artistic picture of the world is a secondary, mediated the world picture, and it is mediated twice - by language and individually - by the author's conceptual picture of the world. Keywords: artistic reality, worldview, methodological characteristics, reality, linguistic approach.

ONYMIC SECTOR OF THE CONCEPTUAL SPHERE OF THE YOUNG-ADULT DYSTOPIAN NOVEL (case study S. COLLINS’ TRILOGY «THE HUNGER GAMES»

Introduction. The article examines the onymic parcel of the English young-adult dystopian novel conceptosphere based on the material of S. Collins’ trilogy «The Hunger Games». The theory of generations has proved the dominance of the main archetype of the hero for a circle of potential readers of the analyzed works, so the leading concept of dystopian novels is the concept of the hero around whom events take place, catalyst and initiator of which he acts. These protagonists are nominated by their own names, which serve as organizers of the artistic space. In the literary work onyms become the pillars of memory, the organizers of the mental lexicon, the coordinators of the mental world picture, the compact repository of significant information in a small form. The purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze the onymic parcel of the English young-adult dystopian novel conceptosphere based on the material of S. Collins’ trilogy «The Hunger Games». The object is the onymic sector of the conceptosphere of the studied trilogy. The subject is the specifics of its structure and organization. Materials and methods. The analysis of the onymic parcel of the conceptosphere of the studied works was carried out in several stages: the cognitive features of the dominant onymic concept nominating the main character were established; a free associative experiment was conducted; systematized and described the reactions with the selection of their types; the most frequent associates are singled out, which are grouped into associative semantic gestalts. The material of the study was a trilogy «The Hunger Games» («The Hunger Games», «Catching Fire», «Mockingjay»), with a total volume of 1160 conditional pages. Results. An associative experiment with stimuli to denote the protagonists was conducted, which made it possible to establish the conceptualization and categorization of these anthroponyms in the mental lexicon of English speakers, detection of reflection in the received associations of hierarchical conceptual structures in the minds of respondents. Сonclusions. Summarizing the above, we can emphasize that the artistic onymic concept KATNISS of the onymic parcel of the conceptosphere of the trilogy «The Hunger Games» has cognitive features SACRIFICE, FEMININITY, HOPE, DEFENDER, VENGEANCE, WINNER and forms semantic associative gestalts THE MAIN CHARACTER OF THE NOVEL / FILM and NOVEL / FILM.

Culturological Aspect of Russian Interpretation of Avar Literary Works (based On “My Daghestan” by R. Gamzatov)

The topic of this article is up-to-date due to the fact that the problems of adequate Russian interpretation of My Daghestan book by Rasul Gamzatov are not completely solved yet. Moreover, the urgency of further solvation of this problem is complicated by the fact that all translations of this book into other languages are done on the basis of its Russian version. Thus all the flops in the Russian interpretation are kept in the translations into other languages as well. The main objective of the article is to claim attention to the importance of original ethnic context for proper reflection of the cultural peculiarities. The source for research is taken from My Daghestan book by R. Gamzatov in the original (Avar), as well as from its Russian interpretation done by V. Soloukhin. The main approach in the research is the method of comparative analysis of the original text and its interpretation. The given research results in the conclusion that lack of ethnic cultural knowledge of the Avar language world picture as well as the differences between ethnic and cultural values led to some certain mistakes in Russian interpretation of the text. In some cases the interpreter doesnt perform literary images corresponding to the original and to Daghestan mentality, instead leading to lack of original artistic and emotional impressions in the translation. The interpreter has also some difficulties with transmission of the original text by Rasul Gamzatov from one linguistic and cultural sphere into other, not though on the reason that it is unknown, but because it is strange for him. We should admit that while interpreting the text it is inevitable for the interpreter to use some of his individual thinking. But the best adequate interpretation needs maximum keeping to the characteristic features of the original. The individualism of the interpreter must not interfere.

Тюрки в ранних арабских источниках: модусный анализ сочинения Ахмеда Ибн Фадлана о путешествии на Волгу

Introduction. The article examines the subjectivity in the representation of Turkic clans in ibn Fadlan’s famous memoirs devoted to the Arab mission trip undertaken from Baghdad to the Volga Bulgaria in early 10th c. Informed by the latest linguistic theories, the authors aim to analyze how the modus of his text, i.e. the meaning of the entire historical document, is influenced by the memoirist’s personality as a bearer of certain cultural characteristics and of specific religious beliefs, as well as by historical and everyday circumstances at the time the travelogue was written. Data and methods. Both the reconstructed Arabic original and available Russian translations and commentaries were used in a comparative mode. In addition, the authors considered the recent works of Arab scholars discussing the issue of discourse types of ibn Fadlan’s heritage in the context of the medieval Arab history and thinking. The article focuses on the prevailing themes and motifs in the text of the Arab traveler, when describing the social structures, traditions, and rituals of the Turkic ethnic groups he encountered (chiefly Oguzes), to identify the moduses (of condemnation, fear, surprise, admiration, etc.) through which these were realized, as well as the linguistic means of their expression that disturbed the neutral style of the story. The results of the analysis allow to draw a conclusion that the modus of the work was largely shaped by the medieval way of thinking and the world picture characteristic of the Arab-Muslim traveler, as well as by the official status of ibn Fadlan’s work at the court of the Abbasid Caliphate in its heyday. Also, the authors point out that there is a passage in the text that may be fictional, its morphology being largely of a fabulous character. Notably, attention should be drawn to ibn Fadlan’s attempts to find some possible commonalities between the civilizations, especially in the heavenly realm, and to promote an understanding between the peoples, even if neither cultural nor trade interaction between them existed at the time.

The image of the Russian peasantry in A. Platonov’s the stories and plays during the Great Patriotic War

Fiction embodies the diverse cultural and historical memory of society and offers its own answers about the impact of war on a person, the long-term humanitarian consequences of the war. In his military stories and plays A. Platonov presented a wide panorama of images of the fighting people, among which the image of peasantry occupies a central place. Memory is considered as the leading concept of the writers creativity. Features of perception of war, life and death, good and evil by ordinary soldiers are revealed. A. Platonovs military stories are very significant for the cultural memory of Russian society. Focusing on the peasant roots of the fighting people, the writer warned of the danger of forgetting this. Platonovs constant interest in the memorial aspects of culture is realized in his military prose largely from the point of view of the world picture of Russian peasants. Village and its inhabitants, faith and family, land, bread, labor-symbols of the Motherland in Platonov, the embodiment of historical continuity. These aspects were reflected later in popular memories of the war, in the peasant perception of the war as sacrificial heroism.

WORLDVIEW OF MEDICINE FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF SPECIAL VERBS

Введение. Терминология является средством, позволяющим представить картину мира, поскольку каждая лексическая единица закрепляет опыт отдельной нации и всего человечества, а результат их взаимодействия проявляется в целостном восприятии и представлении окружающего мира. Глагольная лексика, обозначающая специальные понятия, является вербальной репрезентацией прагматически переработанного научного знания, отражающего менталитет, основы мыслительной деятельности, профессиональный опыт и лингвокультурную компетенцию специалистов. Цель – изучить глагольную лексику, обозначающую специальные понятия медицины, и представить ее как универсальное средство репрезентации картины мира данной отрасли знания, как средство выявления направления развития и функционирования научной мысли. Материал и методы. Материалом исследования служат однословные и многословные глагольные единицы, репрезентирующие различные действия и процессы, имеющие большое значение в различных отраслях медицины. Глагольные единицы исследуются посредством анализа этимологии, словообразования и дефиниции. Результаты и обсуждение. Универсальность, свойственная картине мира медицины, отражается в употреблении греко-латинских терминоэлементов в структуре глагольной единицы. Национальные черты проявляются в использовании соответствующих морфологических элементов и лексико-семантических способах словообразования. Историческое развитие понятий и терминов отражается в явлениях терминологизации и детерминологизации, которым подвергаются и глаголы, функционирующие в языке медицины. История развития специальной медицинской глагольной лексики демонстрирует активное взаимодействие обыденной и научной картин мира, что подтверждается этимологическим анализом глаголов, а также существованием внутриотраслевой и межотраслевой полисемии глаголов. Лексические единицы, обозначающие различные медицинские процессы, являются пропозициональными структурами, способными представлять обозначаемый процесс как когнитивный сценарий, имплицитно репрезентируя упорядоченную последовательность действий, метонимически представляя весь процесс, обозначенный глагольной единицей. Заключение. Таким образом, глагол представляет собой средство, позволяющее интерпретировать картину мира той или иной отрасли знания. В сфере медицины глагол позволяет выявить закономерность развития семантического объема лексической единицы, проследить развитие и становление медицины как научной отрасли знания в синхронии и дахронии. Introduction. Terminology contributes to the representation of the world picture because each lexical unit fixes the experience of both a separate nation and the whole mankind. The result of their interaction can be found in the perceptual unity and uniform representation of the world. Verbs, designating special notions, are the verbal representation of pragmatically revised scholary insight, which reflect the pattern of thoughtway, bases of mental activity, professional background, cultural and linguistic competence of specialists. Aim and objectives. The aim of the article is to study verbs, which designate special medical notions, and to show that they are a universal means to represent the world picture of medicine, and as a means which help to reveal the tramline and functioning of scientific thought. Material and methods. The material of the investigation includes one- and multiword verbs and verb phrases which represent various medical processes. Etymological, word-building and definitional analyses are used. Results and discussion. Universality which is characteristic of the world picture of medicine is reflected in the use of Greek and Latin terminological elements in the structure of a verb. National characteristics appear in the use of morphological elements and lexical and semantic principles of word-building. The world pictures of sciences also reflect historical evolution of notions and terms which can be revealed in the processes of terminologization and determinologization of verbs which are used in the language of medicine. The history of the development of special medical verbs demonstrates the interaction of the everyday and scientific world pictures. It is proved by etymology of verbs and polysemy of verbs within the medical discourse and with the verbs functioning in other branches of science. Lexical units which represent various medical processes are a kind of propositional structures which show a definite area of the world picture in its entirety. Thus, they can demonstrate the process as a cognitive script, which demonstrates implicitly the array of actions. It is a kind of metonymical representation of the process which is put into verbs. Conclusion. A verb can be considered as a means to interpret the world picture of this or that field of science. In regards to language of medicine the verbs allow to reveal the pattern and volume of semantic development of a word, to trace the scientific history of medicine in synchrony and diachrony.

Value principles of the equilibrium economic development in the new global challenges

The paper reveals that the formation of the information society at the turn of the century with a focus on a network economy marked the beginning of the economic relations and laws system global modification. This modification is due primarily to the latest technological changes and innovations in information and communication. However, in its profound nature, it has a value character and is associated with the need for a thorough understanding of the new socio-economic picture of the world. The traditional interpretation of this situation does not meet public expectations about progressive, creative development possibilities. Public dissatisfaction with globalisation is growing. Phenomena of socio-economic instability (turbulence) and uncertainty undermine the civilisational foundations of the social economy, create several global challenges and threats. It is shown that an adequate guideline for successful management is to ensure balanced social development through the development of a holistic institutional architecture, which operates under the laws of effective economic equilibrium. Economic theory is designed to substantiate the laws of operation and the principles of building the institutional architecture of management. At the same time, modern economics remains traditional, while the correct answer to the global social demand must be given by relativistic economics, which can form the socio-economic foundations of the phenomenon of relativity. It is determined that the concept of the institute as a transformed form of economic value (economic good, the only one in the triple definition of marginal utility, value, and price) is an adequate basis for building relativistic economics, methodological source of creative knowledge and formation of the latest holistic picture of the world. It is noted that the tools of value economic analysis (in particular, the model of general economic equilibrium) were formed in the depths of classical political economy, but today it needs to be updated. It is established that the methodological restoration of economics as a valuable source of a positive relativistic understanding of the latest world picture is an essential agenda for further creative research to determine the principles of building an economy of trust forerunner of the institutional architecture. The basis of such an economy is a public sector model focusing on the market of public goods, which harmonises the system of public interests, processes of self-organisation and organisation in the economy, thus contributing to the formation of effective mechanisms for stabilising social development.

structural-semantic field of dichotomy “one’s own – alien” in the English language world picture

The article deals with the study of the value content of the dichotomy “one’s own – alien” in the English linguistic world picture. The novelty of the proposed study lies in the fact that the researcher does not proceed from a predetermined model of description construction, but the model is deducted from the material researched. The lexical units that can act as direct objectifies (keywords, cohyponyms and typical verbalizers) of the concepts “one’s own – alien” which are based on the idea of a stereotypical situation that explains the value content of the opposition in the English language consciousness, are analysed. The modern linguistic interpretation of the conceptual opposition “one’s own – alien” and verification of the research results is performed on the basis of analysis of dictionaries and media texts to compare associations with the concepts “one’s own – alien” of English speakers, to clarify the links of language units – representatives of the concepts “one’s own – alien” with the structures of knowledge about their denotations and with extraverbal reality, highlighting their mental characteristics and principles of functioning in English.

Magical Realism: Language World Picture in the novel «One Hundred Years of Solitude» of Gabriel Garcia Márquez

The article focuses on the study of language world picture of the magical realism discourse in the novel «One Hundred Years of Solitude» of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. The magical realism discourse depicts a realistic view of the modern world through the prism of mythological way of thinking and supplements mysterious, farial and mystical elements. The main conceptual characteristics of magical realism discourse are considered to be: fantastical elements, unity of reality and magic, possible words, mythical chronotope, author’s reticence, hyperbolization of the secret and metadiscourse