Real-time measurement of tumour hypoxia using an implantable microfabricated oxygen sensor

Hypoxia commonly occurs within tumours and is a major cause of radiotherapy resistance. Clinical outcomes could be improved by locating and selectively increasing the dose delivered to hypoxic regions. Here we describe a miniature implantable sensor for real-time monitoring of tissue oxygenation that could enable this novel treatment approach to be implemented. The sensor uses a solid-state electrochemical cell that was microfabricated at wafer level on a silicon substrate, and includes an integrated reference electrode and electrolyte membrane. It gave a linear response to oxygen concentration, and was unaffected by sterilisation and irradiation, but showed susceptibility to biofouling. Oxygen selectivity was also evaluated against various clinically relevant electroactive compounds. We investigated its robustness and functionality under realistic clinical conditions using a sheep model of lung cancer. The sensor remained functional following CT-guided tumour implantation, and was sufficiently sensitive to track acute changes in oxygenation within tumour tissue.

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Real Time MRI Fused to Cone Beam CT Guided Biopsies of the Prostate.

Case Medical Research ◽

10.31525/ct1-nct04180592 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Cone Beam Ct ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Ct Guided

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P04.09 Real-Time CT Guided Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Partial Resection of Peripheral Small-Sized Lung Tumors in Hybrid OR –A Phase 2 Trial–

Journal of Thoracic Oncology ◽

10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.388 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. S264

Author(s):

T. Kaiho ◽

H. Suzuki ◽

Y. Sata ◽

Y. Shiina ◽

K. Tanaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Lung Tumors ◽

Partial Resection ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Ct Guided ◽

Video Assisted ◽

Phase 2 Trial

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Comparison of Wafer-Level With Package-Level CDM Stress Facilitated by Real-Time Probing

IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability ◽

10.1109/tdmr.2011.2166399 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 522-530 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nathan Jack ◽

Vrashank Shukla ◽

Elyse Rosenbaum

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Wafer Level

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Complete Solid State Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Using Hemin Electrocatalyst and Palladium-Reusable Reference Electrode

IEEE Sensors Journal ◽

10.1109/jsen.2017.2778378 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

Leo Huan-Hsuan Hsu ◽

M. Jamal Deen ◽

P. Ravi Selvaganapathy

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Sensor ◽

Reference Electrode

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Three-dimensional CT-Guided Bronchoscopy With a Real-Time Electromagnetic Position Sensor

CHEST Journal ◽

10.1378/chest.118.6.1783 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 118 (6) ◽

pp. 1783-1787 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Stephen B. Solomon ◽

Peter White Jr. ◽

Charles M. Wiener ◽

Jonathan B. Orens ◽

Ko Pen Wang

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Position Sensor ◽

Ct Guided

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Diagnostic performance of real-time robotic arm-assisted 18F-FDG PET/CT-guided percutaneous biopsy in metabolically active abdominal and pelvic lesions

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging ◽

10.1007/s00259-018-4133-x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 838-847 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rajender Kumar ◽

Bhagwant Rai Mittal ◽

Anish Bhattacharya ◽

Harmandeep Singh ◽

Amanjit Bal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Fdg Pet ◽

Diagnostic Performance ◽

Percutaneous Biopsy ◽

Robotic Arm ◽

Ct Guided ◽

Pet Ct ◽

18F Fdg ◽

Fdg Pet Ct ◽

Pelvic Lesions

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Robust Model Reference Fault Detection and Identification System for Fixed Wing Aircrafts

International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems ◽

10.4273/ijvss.10.5.14 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

Author(s):

R. Jaganraj ◽

R. Velu

Keyword(s):

Fault Detection ◽

Real Time ◽

Fault Estimation ◽

Identification System ◽

Model Reference ◽

Robust Model ◽

Detection And Identification ◽

Fault Detection And Identification ◽

Time Parameters ◽

Implantable Sensor

Fault Detection and Identification system (FDI) and Fault Tolerant Flight Control (FTFC) system are used to correct the faulty operation of an aircraft. Both FDIs and FTFCs have operational disadvantages due to their inherent limitation of fault source identification. This paper presents the design and implementation of a robust model reference fault detection and identification (MRFDI) system on a fixed-wing aircraft for identifying actuator fault, instrument fault and presence of any uncertainties. The proposed MRDFI fuses the real-time parameters and actuator feedback to combine the advantages of data driven and model reference FDI that makes robust fault estimation. The MRFDI system is implemented on a typical aircraft altitude hold autopilot simulation environment with a predefined fault scenario. The fault scenario includes a faulty elevator, a faulty skin-implantable sensor and wind gust as environmental uncertainty. The MRFDI performs logical analysis to detect fault using state-dependent real-time parameters and state-independent skin implantable sensor. This two-step fault detection method makes MRFDI robust to any type of fault identification. The results show that the MRFDI detects and distinguishes faults in actuator, instrument and any of the listed uncertainties thrown by the environment accurately.

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DEVELOPMENT OF A REAL-TIME SINGLE CHANNEL BRAIN–COMPUTER INTERFACE SYSTEM FOR DETECTION OF DROWSINESS

Biomedical Engineering Applications Basis and Communications ◽

10.4015/s1016237217500193 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (03) ◽

pp. 1750019 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Malhar Pathak ◽

A. K. Jayanthy

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Single Channel ◽

Detection System ◽

Brain Computer Interface ◽

Reference Electrode ◽

Computer Interface ◽

Processing Unit ◽

Eeg Signal ◽

Drowsiness Detection ◽

Interface System

Drowsiness or fatigue condition refers to feeling abnormally sleepy at an inappropriate time, especially during day time. It reduces the level of concentration and slowdown the response time, which eventually increases the error rate while doing any day-to-day activity. It can be dangerous for some people who require higher concentration level while doing their work. Study shows that 25–30% of road accidents occur due to drowsy driving. There are number of methods available for the detection of drowsiness out of which most of the methods provide an indirect measurement of drowsiness whereas electroencephalography provides the most reliable and direct measurement of the level of consciousness of the subject. The aim of this paper is to design and develop a portable and low cost brain–computer interface system for detection of drowsiness. In this study, we are using three dry electrodes out of which two active electrodes are placed on the forehead whereas the reference electrode is placed on the earlobe to acquire electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. Previous research shows that, there is a measurable change in the amplitude of theta ([Formula: see text]) wave and alpha ([Formula: see text]) wave between the active state and the drowsy state and based on this fact theta ([Formula: see text]) wave and alpha ([Formula: see text]) wave are separated from the normal EEG signal. The signal processing unit is interfaced with the microcontroller unit which is programmed to analyze the drowsiness based on the change in the amplitude of theta ([Formula: see text]) wave. An alarm will be activated once drowsiness is detected. The experiment was conducted on 20 subjects and EEG data were recorded to develop our drowsiness detection system. Experimental results have proved that our system has achieved real-time drowsiness detection with an accuracy of approximately 85%.

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