Electronic Systems Design for Driver Alertness

Automotive systems are getting more responsive and giving feedback to the driver and passengers with the help of electronic systems ensuring safety. As seen the growth towards electric mobility engineers are more indulged in electronic systems and presenting innovative ideas for future developments. The presented simulation model of an electronic system combines the engine coolant temperature sensor, oxygen sensor, and seat belt warning system. The system is proposed using TINKERCAD software and the software is designed through Arduino. The driver will be able to see the temperature of the coolant and also can find out whether the air and the fuel mixture is rich or lean as well as be alerted for wearing a seatbelt. Keywords: Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor, Oxygen Sensor, Seat Belt Warning System, Electronics System for Vehicle, Arduino, Software Design using Arduino, Passive Safety System.

A fluorescent dissolved oxygen sensor with autocalibration based on ruthenium (II) tris-bathophenanthroline complex

The study describes a submersible fluorescent dissolved oxygen (DO) sensor suitable for aquaculture facilities. The sensor is based on the quenching of fluorescence from ruthenium (II) tris-bathophenanthroline complex, [Ru(dpp)3]2+. One of its precursors, bathophenanthroline (BPhen), was obtained by a green approach with less aggressive reagents than in a classical synthesis. It was embedded in a polymer membrane and attached to a glass window to fabricate a sensing element. The composition and functioning of the sensor are described. It uses an additional red LED for automatic calibration and correction of measurements due to photodegradation of Ru(dpp) over time. The intensity of the red light reflected from the active Ru(II) centres indicates their concentration and allows for automatic correction of the calibration factor. The sensor has demonstrated good linearity in calibration tests; its readings were independent of the presence of common inorganic ions in water, which might interfere with the results. This novel low-cost sensor with autocalibration is expected to be a long-term solution for aquaculture.

Autophagy-Induced HDAC6 Activity During Hypoxia Regulates Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism Through the β-Catenin/COUP-TFII Axis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

Hypoxia is one of the main driving forces that results in poor outcomes and drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As the critical cellular oxygen sensor, mitochondria respond to hypoxic stress by sending retrograde signals to the nucleus that initiate adaptive metabolic responses and maintain the survival of HCC cells. Increasing evidence suggested autophagy contributes to sustain mitochondrial metabolic and quality control. Understanding how mitochondria communicate with the nucleus and alter transcription may provide promising targets for HCC treatment. In this study, we found mitochondrial undergoes selective degradation by autophagy under hypoxia. Furthermore, autophagy-activated HDAC6 not only promoted the nuclear translocation of β-catenin but also increased the affinity of β-catenin to the transcription repressor chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor 2 (COUP-TF II), which suppressed mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation-related genes transcription. Our data showed that autophagy served as a critical mediator of integrating mitochondrial energy metabolism and nuclear transcription. HDAC6 may be a potential target for reducing the survival of HCC cells by interrupting mitochondria-nucleus crosstalk.