scholarly journals Detailed effects of a diesel particulate filter on the reduction of chemical species emissions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin R. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Particulate Filter ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Particulate Filters ◽  
Metallic Compounds ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel

Diesel particulate filters are designed to reduce themass emissions of diesel particulate matter and havebeen proven to be effective in this respect. Not much isknown, however, about their effects on otherunregulated chemical species. This study utilized sourcedilution sampling techniques to evaluate the effects of acatalyzed diesel particulate filter on a wide spectrum ofchemical emissions from a heavy-duty diesel engine.The species analyzed included both criteria andunregulated compounds such as particulate matter(PM), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC),inorganic ions, trace metallic compounds, elemental andorganic carbon (EC and OC), polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons (PAHs), and other organic compounds.Results showed a significant reduction for the emissionsof PM mass, CO, HC, metals, EC, OC, and PAHs.

Comparative analysis on the effects of diesel particulate filter and selective catalytic reduction systems on a wide spectrum of chemical species emissions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Gerald Liu ◽  
Devin R. Berg ◽  
Thaddeus A. Swor ◽  
James J. Schauer‡
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Selective Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Diesel Particulate Filter ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Aftertreatment Systems

Two methods, diesel particulate filter (DPF) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems, for controlling diesel emissions have become widely used, either independently or together, for meeting increasingly stringent emissions regulations world-wide. Each of these systems is designed for the reduction of primary pollutant emissions including particulate matter (PM) for the DPF and nitrogen oxides (NOx) for the SCR. However, there have been growing concerns regarding the secondary reactions that these aftertreatment systems may promote involving unregulated species emissions. This study was performed to gain an understanding of the effects that these aftertreatment systems may have on the emission levels of a wide spectrum of chemical species found in diesel engine exhaust. Samples were extracted using a source dilution sampling system designed to collect exhaust samples representative of real-world emissions. Testing was conducted on a heavy-duty diesel engine with no aftertreatment devices to establish a baseline measurement and also on the same engine equipped first with a DPF system and then a SCR system. Each of the samples was analyzed for a wide variety of chemical species, including elemental and organic carbon, metals, ions, n-alkanes, aldehydes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in addition to the primary pollutants, due to the potential risks they pose to the environment and public health. The results show that the DPF and SCR systems were capable of substantially reducing PM and NOx emissions, respectively. Further, each of the systems significantly reduced the emission levels of the unregulated chemical species, while the notable formation of new chemical species was not observed. It is expected that a combination of the two systems in some future engine applications would reduce both primary and secondary emissions significantly.

Experimental study of lubricant-derived ash effects on diesel particulate filter performance

2019 ◽  
pp. 146808741987457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Yanfei Li ◽  
Victor W Wong ◽  
Shijin Shuai ◽  
Jinzhu Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Diesel Particulate Filter ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Particle Emissions ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Particulate Filters ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Soot Loading ◽  
Active Regeneration

Diesel particulate filters are indispensable for diesel engines to meet the increasingly stringent emission regulations. A large amount of ash would accumulate in the diesel particulate filter over time, which would significantly affect the diesel particulate filter performance. In this work, the lubricant-derived ash effects on diesel particulate filter pressure drop, diesel particulate filter filtration performance, diesel particulate filter temperature field during active regeneration, and diesel particulate filter downstream emissions during active regeneration were studied on an engine test bench. The test results show that the ash accumulated in the diesel particulate filter would decrease the diesel particulate filter pressure drop due to the “membrane effect” when the diesel particulate filter ash loading is lower than about 10 g/L, beyond which the diesel particulate filter pressure drop would be increased due to the reduction of diesel particulate filter effective volume. The ash loaded in the diesel particulate filter could significantly improve the diesel particulate filter filtration efficiency because it would fill the pores of diesel particulate filter wall. The diesel particulate filter peak temperature during active regeneration is consistent with the diesel particulate filter initial actual soot loading density prior to regeneration at various diesel particulate filter ash loading levels, while the diesel particulate filter maximum temperature gradient would increase with the diesel particulate filter ash loading increase, whether the diesel particulate filter is regenerated at the same soot loading level or the same diesel particulate filter pressure drop level. The ash accumulation in the diesel particulate filter shows little effects on diesel particulate filter downstream CO, total hydrocarbons, N2O emissions, and NO2/NO x ratio during active regeneration. However, a small amount of SO2 emissions was observed when the diesel particulate filter ash loading is higher than 10 g/L. The ash accumulated in the diesel particulate filter would increase the diesel particulate filter downstream sub-23 nm particle emissions but decrease larger particle emissions during active regeneration.

Experimental Analysis of Sudden Pressure Increase Phenomenon by Real-Time Internal Observation of Diesel Particulate Filter

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Fukui ◽  
Yuki Okamoto ◽  
Masayuki Nakao
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Diesel Particulate Filter ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Visualization Method ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Wide Perspective ◽  
Deposit Layer

As a way of reducing the amount of particulate matter (PM) contained in the exhaust gas, diesel particulate filter (DPF) is widely used. To keep the condition of DPF normal and effective, estimation of the amount of PM deposits in the DPF is important. The estimation is mainly conducted based on the value of pressure drop across the DPF. Occasionally, the value of the pressure drop rises suddenly and it leads to overestimation of the amount of PM deposits. In order to elucidate the cause of the sudden pressure drop increase phenomenon, this paper first reveals the engine operating conditions which invoke this phenomenon. The authors also have developed a visualization method to realize the wide-perspective internal observation of the DPF. The observation experiment has been conducted with a commercial engine and DPF under the revealed conditions. Experimental results make clear that the phenomenon is caused by PM deposit layer collapse and channel plugging.

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