Methodology of diesel particulate filter testing on test bed for non-road engine application

This paper describes the methodology and test results of diesel particulate filter (DPF) functional testing performed on non-road compression ignition engine installed on test bed. The scope of work included testing of various DPF regeneration strategies, backpressure and balance point tests and emission performance evaluation during a legislative test cycles. The aim of this study was to observe and investigate the influence of exhaust gas parameters on DPF functionality in terms of soot loading, type and duration of the regeneration and emission performance. Under investigation was also the capability of soot burning rate. The DPF sample under test was part of the complete exhaust aftertreatment system (ATS) which consisted of: a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), a DPF and a selective catalytic reduction system (SCR). Testing was carried out on a heavy-duty diesel engine installed on a test stand with a dynamic dynamometer and equipped with an emission bench. The test program allowed to assess the engine matching to exhaust aftertreatment system with regard to emissions compliance, in-service operation and necessary engine control unit (ECU) calibration works. The results show the influence of the DPF regeneration strategy on its duration and on the soot mass burn rate. Passive DPF regeneration was a favorable mode of DPF cleaning, due to lack of fuel penalty and lower aging impact on the entire ATS. Optimization of soot flow rate, exhaust gas temperature and the chemistry of the DOC/DPF was further recommended to ensure the long-term durability of the entire system.

Filtration Efficiency and Regeneration Behavior in a Catalytic Diesel Particulate Filter with the Use of Diesel/Polyoxymethylene Dimethyl Ether Mixture

Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether (PODEn) is a promising diesel additive, especially in particulate matter reduction. However, how PODEn addition affects the filtration efficiency and regeneration process of a catalytic diesel particulate filter is still unknown. Therefore, this experimental work investigated the size-dependent particulate number removal efficiency under various engine loads and exhaust gas recirculation ratios when fueling with diesel and diesel/PODEn mixture. In addition, the regeneration behavior of the cDPF was studied by determining the break-even temperatures for both tested fuels. The results showed that the cDPF had lower removal efficiencies in nucleation mode particles but higher filtration efficiencies in accumulation mode particles. In addition, the overall filtration efficiency for P10 particles was higher than that for D100 particles. Positioning the upstream cDPF, increasing the EGR ratio slightly decreased the number concentration of nucleation mode particles but greatly increased that of accumulation mode particles. However, increasing the EGR ratio decreased the removal efficiency of nanoparticles, and this effect was more apparent for the P10 case. Under the same period of soot loading, the pressure drop of P10 fuel was significantly lower than that of diesel fuel. In addition, a significantly lower BET was observed for the P10 fuel, in comparison with D100 fuel. In conclusion, adopting cDPF is beneficial for fueling with P10 in terms of the overall filtration efficiency in the particulate number and the lower input energy requirement for active regeneration. However, with the addition of EGR, the lower filtration efficiencies of nanoparticles should be concerned, especially fueling with diesel/PODEn mixture.

Teknologi Diesel Particulat Filter Sebagai Upaya Mengurangi Emisi Gas Buang Dan Kebisingan Mesin Diesel Kendaraan Niaga

The use of diesel engines in commercial vehicles is still the main choice and the most widely used. The increasing number of commercial vehicles that use diesel engines can pollute the environment and cause noise. In order to reduce exhaust emissions and noise in diesel engines, a particulate filter diesel technology was created which is installed in commercial vehicle diesel engines. This study uses an experimental method. The test was carried out on a Mitsubishi L300 commercial vehicle diesel engine type 4D56 4 cylinder with a cylinder capacity of 2477 cc. The diesel particulate filter technology uses a half honeycomb model made from galvalume plates, with variations in the addition of filters in the form of glass wool of 50 grams, 100 grams, 150 grams, 200 grams, and 250 grams. Testing the exhaust emissions of a diesel engine using a TEN Automotive Equipment Innova 2000 multigas analyzer with a smoketester. Sound noise testing using a sound level meter test tool LT Lutron SL-4001. The test results with the addition of diesel particulate filter technology can reduce exhaust emissions and sound noise. The use of diesel particulate filter technology can reduce exhaust emissions in the form of Particulate Matter (PM) most optimally at the addition of a 100 gram filter with a decrease of 45.9%. The most optimal reduction in noise is the addition of a 50 gram filter with a decrease of 26.5%.

Soot Distribution and Thermal Regeneration of Marine Diesel Particulate Filter

Particles from marine diesel engine exhaust gas have caused serious air pollution and human health. Diesel particulate filter (DPF) can effectively reduce particle emissions from marine diesel engines. The distribution and regeneration of soot in DPF are two important issues. In this paper, a mathematical model of a marine DPF was built up and the particle trap process and the regeneration dynamics were simulated. The results show that the cake soot mass concentrations during trap process increase linearly with the increase of the exhaust gas flows while the depth soot mass concentrations firstly increase linearly and then keep constant. Soot is mainly concentrated in the front and rear portion of the filter and less soot is in the middle. The soot distribution in the cake and depth layer shows the unevenness during the trap and regeneration process. The initial soot loadings have great effects on pressure drops and soot mass concentrations before regeneration, but little effect after regeneration. The exhaust gas temperature heated to 850 K can achieve 94% efficiency for the DPF regeneration. There is no obvious difference in pressure drops and soot mass concentrations between fast heating and slow heating. The heating duration of exhaust gas has an important impact on DPF regeneration.

A Study on Soot and Ash Accumulation Characteristics of Diesel Particulate Filter Substrate Using Nondestructive Computed Radiography X-ray Imaging Technique

The diesel particulate filter of a diesel engine is an after-treatment device that removes particulate matter from exhaust emissions by filtering and oxidating them through a regeneration process. When the diesel particulate filter is damaged, a vehicle inspection is usually performed; if the cause is not found through using on-board diagnostics, then the diesel particulate filter is removed, and a visual test is conducted. However, it is not easy to find the exact cause of the diesel particulate filter being damaged, and a visual test takes a long time as the diesel particulate filter substrate is covered by a canister. In this study, using the computed radiography X-ray imaging technique, X-ray images were taken after placing an accumulated amount of carbon powder, similar to soot and ash powder in the substrate. Results confirmed that carbon powder and ash powder were shown in white in X-ray images, leading to a conclusion that distinguishing between carbon powder and ash powder is possible by analyzing the pixel value through the image processing technique. However, since pixel values alone are insufficient for exact quantitative evaluation, various studies and analyses are necessary for quantitative evaluation.