Misaligned Union laws? A comparative analysis of certification in the Cybersecurity Act and the General Data Protection Regulation

Data Protection ◽

Electronic Monitoring ◽

Electronic Communications ◽

Surveillance Technology ◽

General Data

The use of Information and Communication Technologies in the workplace is constantly increasing, but also the use of surveillance technology. Electronic monitoring of employees becomes an integral part of information systems in the workplace. The specific software which is used for monitoring electronic communications is, however, intrusive and infringes upon the employees' right to privacy. The issue of surveillance of employees' electronic communications is subject to different approaches in various jurisdictions. The most comprehensive protection to employees is afforded in the EU, and it would be enhanced once the General Data Protection Regulation is passed.

Surveillance of Electronic Communications in the Workplace and the Protection of Employees' Privacy

Social Issues in the Workplace ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-3917-9.ch049 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 971-986

Author(s):

Ioannis Inglezakis

Keyword(s):

Information Systems ◽

Data Protection ◽

Electronic Monitoring ◽

Electronic Communications ◽

Surveillance Technology ◽

General Data

The use of Information and Communication Technologies in the workplace is constantly increasing, but also the use of surveillance technology. Electronic monitoring of employees becomes an integral part of information systems in the workplace. The specific software which is used for monitoring electronic communications is, however, intrusive and infringes upon the employees' right to privacy. The issue of surveillance of employees' electronic communications is subject to different approaches in various jurisdictions. The most comprehensive protection to employees is afforded in the EU, and it would be enhanced once the General Data Protection Regulation is passed.

Surveillance of Electronic Communications in the Workplace and the Protection of Employees' Privacy

Cyber Law, Privacy, and Security ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-8897-9.ch031 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 659-674

Author(s):

Ioannis Inglezakis

Keyword(s):

Information Systems ◽

Data Protection ◽

Electronic Monitoring ◽

Electronic Communications ◽

Surveillance Technology ◽

General Data

The use of Information and Communication Technologies in the workplace is constantly increasing, but also the use of surveillance technology. Electronic monitoring of employees becomes an integral part of information systems in the workplace. The specific software which is used for monitoring electronic communications is, however, intrusive and infringes upon the employees' right to privacy. The issue of surveillance of employees' electronic communications is subject to different approaches in various jurisdictions. The most comprehensive protection to employees is afforded in the EU, and it would be enhanced once the General Data Protection Regulation is passed.

The Determinants of Vietnam’s Information and Communication Technologies Exports to the European Union

Foreign Trade Review ◽

10.1177/00157325211057977 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 001573252110579

Author(s):

Phan Thanh Hoan ◽

Duong Thi Dieu My

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Gravity Model ◽

Patent Application ◽

Policy Implications ◽

The European Union ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

The Eu

Vietnam is one of the top information and communication technologies (ICT) exporters globally, and the ICT products constitute nearly one-fifth of Vietnam’s total exports to the European Union (EU). This study empirically investigates the determinants of Vietnam’s ICT exports to the EU by applying the gravity model for trade with panel data from 2000 to 2019. Besides the traditional variables of the gravity model, we added gross capital formation, patent application and exchange rates as explanatory variables. The results show that among factors affecting Vietnam’s ICT export to the EU, market size, patent applications, and exchange rate are the most significant determinants. The article also suggests some policy implications for the development of ICT exports between the two parties. JEL Codes: F14, C2

Business ideas in start-ups

SHS Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/shsconf/20208301063 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 83 ◽

pp. 01063

Author(s):

Štefan Slávik

Keyword(s):

New Technologies ◽

Legal Protection ◽

Point Of View ◽

The Internet ◽

Development Cycle ◽

Start Up ◽

Start Ups

Start-up is a modern entrepreneurship form designed to realize original business ideas, mostly based on new technologies and the Internet. It evolves in the development cycle, which is determined by the business idea development cycle and the financing cycle. The purpose of the paper is to describe and analyse the business idea. The business idea is characterized by its content, circumstances of its origin, degree of originality and evidence of this originality. Start-ups are dominated by business ideas based on the application of information and communication technologies, the business idea is most often created by combining professional and business experience, but its originality is from the international point of view only average and the level of legal protection is quite rare.

Seniors’ use of ICT to obtain access to cars for fulfilling their transport needs – an exploratory study

Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG ◽

10.4467/2543859xpkg.20.027.13129 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 49-60

Author(s):

Joanna Kos-Łabędowicz

Keyword(s):

Elderly People ◽

Ease Of Use ◽

The Internet ◽

Ageing Society ◽

Eu Member States ◽

Transport Services ◽

The Eu

The ageing society and the necessity to meet the needs (including transport ones) of elderly people are a challenge for an increasing number of countries, including the EU Member States and Poland. Different types of modern ICT solutions are being proposed as a way of improving the meeting of the needs of elderly people in order to prevent their social exclusion. The growing popularity of solutions and services that use information and communication technologies (mainly the Internet and mobile applications) can also be observed in transport services and is perceived as a means to better meet transport needs. The aim of the article is to examine the extent to which seniors use ICT solutions to meet their transport needs when, for example, obtaining access to a car or car ride. A literature review, statistical data analysis and results of primary survey studies carried out on a sample of U3A students were used. The results of the analysis do not allow generalization on the entire population of elderly people but point to some interesting conclusions. For instance, at least one of the considered solutions (e.g. sharing travel by car as a driver or passenger) was used by almost two-thirds of those that responded using the Internet. Also, the solutions given were rated rather positively by the respondents in terms of their usefulness and ease of use. Those findings, apart from indicating further directions of research, allow for a cautious statement that these types of solutions can actually serve to better meet the transport needs of seniors.

The Media Diet of University Students in Italy

Current Trends and Future Practices for Digital Literacy and Competence ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-0903-7.ch008 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 84-93

Author(s):

Andrea Pozzali ◽

Paolo Ferri

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Digital Technologies ◽

Digital Natives ◽

Educational Systems ◽

High Level ◽

The University

Developments in information and communication technologies have raised the issue of the intergenerational digital divide that can take place between “digital natives” and “digital immigrants”. Despite emphatic claims concerning how educational systems must take into account the specific characteristics of “digital natives”, sound empirical research on these topics is lacking, especially for Europe. This paper presents the results of research performed during the course of 2008, studying how university students in Italy use digital technologies. The research is based on a survey of 1086 undergraduate students at the University of Milan-Bicocca, complemented by focus groups and in-depth interviews. The results of our research show that, even if university students are familiar with digital technologies, the general possession of high level skills in accessing and using the Internet should not be taken for granted.

Business Networking

Knowledge and Technology Management in Virtual Organizations ◽

10.4018/978-1-59904-165-0.ch016 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 334-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Claudia-Melania Chituc ◽

Américo Lopes Azevedo

Keyword(s):

Business Processes ◽

Rapid Evolution ◽

Key Factors ◽

Business Networking ◽

High Level ◽

Technological Perspective ◽

Networked Organizations

The rapid evolution of information and communication technologies, the changing client’s demands, and market conditions impelled enterprises to adapt their way of undertaking business, from traditional practices to e-business, and to participate in new forms of collaboration, such as networked organizations. In this context, standards, frameworks, technologies, and infrastructures supporting collaborative business, in a networked environment, become key factors in achieving environments with a desired high level of collaboration and inter- and intra-organization business processes alignment. The aim of this chapter is to underline the main issues, trends, and opportunities related to business integration from a technological perspective, analyzing and discussing the most relevant (existing and still under development) business integration reference models, frameworks, standards, technologies, and supporting infrastructures, and to briefly present relevant research projects in the area of business networking. A special emphasis is made on frameworks such as ebXML and RosettaNet, and the importance of papiNet, BPLE4WS, and freebXML is underlined. Challenges regarding self-forming networked organizations are also advanced.

Business Networking

Electronic Business ◽

10.4018/978-1-60566-056-1.ch007 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 91-108

Author(s):

Claudia-Melania Chituc ◽

Américo Lopes Azevedo

Keyword(s):

Business Processes ◽

Rapid Evolution ◽

Key Factors ◽

Business Networking ◽

High Level ◽

Technological Perspective ◽

Networked Organizations

The rapid evolution of information and communication technologies, the changing client’s demands, and market conditions impelled enterprises to adapt their way of undertaking business, from traditional practices to e-business, and to participate in new forms of collaboration, such as networked organizations. In this context, standards, frameworks, technologies, and infrastructures supporting collaborative business, in a networked environment, become key factors in achieving environments with a desired high level of collaboration and inter- and intra-organization business processes alignment. The aim of this chapter is to underline the main issues, trends, and opportunities related to business integration from a technological perspective, analyzing and discussing the most relevant (existing and still under development) business integration reference models, frameworks, standards, technologies, and supporting infrastructures, and to briefly present relevant research projects in the area of business networking. A special emphasis is made on frameworks such as ebXML and RosettaNet, and the importance of papiNet, BPLE4WS, and freebXML is underlined. Challenges regarding self-forming networked organizations are also advanced.

International Organizations and the EU General Data Protection Regulation

International Organizations Law Review ◽

10.1163/15723747-2019008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 158-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christopher Kuner

Keyword(s):

International Law ◽

International Organizations ◽

Data Protection ◽

Personal Data ◽

Eu Law ◽

Protection Measures ◽

General Data ◽

High Level ◽

The Eu

The importance of personal data processing for international organizations (‘IOs’) demonstrates the need for them to implement data protection in their work. The EU General Data Protection Regulation (‘GDPR’) will be influential around the world, and will impact IOs as well. Its application to them should be determined under relevant principles of EU law and public international law, and it should be interpreted consistently with the international obligations of the EU and its Member States. However, IOs should implement data protection measures regardless of whether the GDPR applies to them in a legal sense. There is a need for EU law and international law to take each other better into account, so that IOs can enjoy their privileges and immunities also with regard to EU law and avoid conflicts with international law, while still providing a high level of data protection in their operations.