scholarly journals Contrasts in Innovation: Pittsburgh Then and Now

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Madison
Keyword(s):  
Steel Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
Industrial Regions ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Assessments of the relationship among law, innovation, and economic growth often begin with one or more propositions of law or law practice and predict how changes might affect innovation or business practice. This approach is problematic when applied to questions of regional economic development, because historic and contemporary local conditions vary considerably. This paper takes a different tack. It takes a snapshot of one recovering post-industrial economy, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. For most of the 20th century, Pittsburgh's steelmakers were leading examples worldwide of American economic prowess. Pittsburgh was so vibrant with industry that a late 19th century travel writer called Pittsburgh "hell with the lid taken off," and he meant that as a compliment. In the early 1980s, however, Pittsburgh's steel economy collapsed, a victim of changing worldwide demand for steel and the industry's inflexible commitment to a large-scale integrated production model. As the steel industry collapsed, the Pittsburgh region collapsed, too. Unemployment in some parts of the Pittsburgh region peaked at 20%. More than 100,000 manufacturing jobs disappeared. Tens of thousands of residents moved away annually. Over the last 30 years, Pittsburgh has slowly recovered, building a new economy that balances limited manufacturing with a broad range of high quality services. In 2009, President Barack Obama took note of the region's rebirth by selecting the city to host a summit of the Group of 20 (G-20) finance ministers. The paper describes the characteristics of Pittsburgh today and measures the state of its renewal. It considers the extent, if any, to which law and the legal system have contributed to Pittsburgh's modern success, and it identifies lessons that this Pittsburgh case study might offer for other recovering and transitioning post-industrial regions.

scholarly journals Accessible Routes Integrating Data from Multiple Sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Miguel R. Luaces ◽  
Jesús A. Fisteus ◽  
Luis Sánchez-Fernández ◽  
Mario Munoz-Organero ◽  
Jesús Balado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Heterogeneous Data Sources ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Software Sensors ◽  
The City

Providing citizens with the ability to move around in an accessible way is a requirement for all cities today. However, modeling city infrastructures so that accessible routes can be computed is a challenge because it involves collecting information from multiple, large-scale and heterogeneous data sources. In this paper, we propose and validate the architecture of an information system that creates an accessibility data model for cities by ingesting data from different types of sources and provides an application that can be used by people with different abilities to compute accessible routes. The article describes the processes that allow building a network of pedestrian infrastructures from the OpenStreetMap information (i.e., sidewalks and pedestrian crossings), improving the network with information extracted obtained from mobile-sensed LiDAR data (i.e., ramps, steps, and pedestrian crossings), detecting obstacles using volunteered information collected from the hardware sensors of the mobile devices of the citizens (i.e., ramps and steps), and detecting accessibility problems with software sensors in social networks (i.e., Twitter). The information system is validated through its application in a case study in the city of Vigo (Spain).

scholarly journals The New Urbanism Principle of Quality Architecture and Urban Design Versus Place Identity. A Case Study of Val D’Europe and the Manufaktura Complex

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Maria Cysek-Pawlak ◽  
Sylwia Krzysztofik
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
New Urbanism ◽  
Place Identity ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Operational Analysis ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This article contributes to the New Urbanism debate by considering the relationship between the identity of a place and quality in architecture and urban design. It combines a general theoretical discussion and an operational analysis with a comparative study of two commercial centres: Manufaktura in Łódź (Poland) and Val d’Europe in Marne-la-Vallée (France). It concludes that while the guidelines of New Urbanism can help both private investors and public stakeholders make better strategic decisions, according to the concept of quality architecture and urban design, its framework should be applied with care for community needs and the historical character of the city.

Brooklyn's agrarian questions

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Weissman
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Food Justice ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Food Network ◽  
Alternative Food Network ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

AbstractThroughout the USA, urban agriculture is expanding as a manifestation of an emerging American food politics. Through a case study of Brooklyn, New York, I used mixed qualitative research methods to investigate the political possibilities of urban agriculture for fostering food justice. My findings build on the existing alternative food network (AFN) literature by indicating that problematic contradictions rooted in the neoliberalization of urban agriculture limit the transformative possibilities of farming the city as currently practiced in Brooklyn. I suggest that longstanding agrarian questions—concerns over the relationship between agriculture and capitalism and the politics of small-scale producers—are informative for critical interrogation of urban agriculture as a politicization of food.

REGENERATION OF A DECAYING URBAN INDUSTRIAL AREA DRIVEN BY ENDOGENOUS HOME INDUSTRIES: A CASE STUDY OF MARÉ FAVELA, RIO DE JANEIRO

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-248
Author(s):  
Shanshan Wu ◽  
Hao Li
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Home Production ◽  
Home Industries ◽  
The City

ABSTRACT Favelas are low-income urban communities in Brazil, and Maré in Rio de Janeiro has the largest cluster of favelas in the country. The prevailing view of a unique, regulated, and normative city conflicts with the reality of the continued expansion of the favelas, posing challenges for architects and urban planners in developing new strategies for integrating informal areas with the main city. This study focused on a decaying industrial area adjacent to the Maré favelas and explored a sustainable path for improving both the quality of the built environment and the quality of life of the residents. Effective infrastructure and socioeconomic links between the favelas and the city were proposed. The home production model that emerged from the favelas inspired the use of the abandoned industrial area as a home-industry incubator. The study proposed an urban regeneration strategy involving a bottom-up industry-space process evolving from home industries to group industries, and finally to larger community industries. This strategy can accelerate Maré’s development and integration with the city of Rio de Janeiro.

Evaluation of congress performance and congress attendees' satisfaction - a case study of Novi Sad (Serbia)

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Vanja Dragićević ◽  
Uglješa Stankov ◽  
Tanja Armenski ◽  
Snežana Štetić
Keyword(s):  
Destination Choice ◽  
International Meeting ◽  
International Industry ◽  
High Level ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
Destination Management Organizations ◽  
Intention To Return ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The congress industry is a young, dynamic industry, which is growing and maturing at a rapid rate. It is now a truly international industry, witnessing huge investments across all continents. Due to economic and other benefits of a more intangible nature, the number of congress destinations and venues worldwide is growing. In order to provide the sustainability of congress destinations and venues, it is important to examine congress delegates’ experience, their overall satisfaction as well as behavioural intentions regarding destination. This study was conducted in the city of Novi Sad, which is after Belgrade the most important international meeting destination in Serbia. The purpose of this study is to examine the experience and overall satisfaction of the attendees at international congresses held in Novi Sad. Also, the relationship between overall satisfaction, word-of-mouth and intention to return were examined. A questionnaire survey was used as an instrument for the study. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS standard package. The results showed high level of attendees’ satisfaction with the congress elements and with destination choice. Also, the results confirmed that Novi Sad has a great potential for development of congress tourism, as the majority of the respondents show great interest to visit Novi Sad again and they would recommend city as a meeting destination. The results of this study are valuable for congress centre managers and for destination management organizations.

Emotional and Subjective Volunteered Geographical Information

2017 ◽  
pp. 97-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiri Panek
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
Spatial Locations ◽  
The City

Crowdsroucing of emotional information can take many forms, from social networks data mining to large-scale surveys. The author presents the case-study of emotional mapping in Ostrava´s district Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic. Together with the local administration, the author crowdsourced the emotional perceptions of the location from almost 400 citizens, who created 4,051 spatial features. Additional to the spatial data there were 1,244 comments and suggestions for improvements in the district. Furthermore, the author is looking for patterns and hot-spots within the city and if there are any relevant linkages between certain emotions and spatial locations within the city.

scholarly journals An Intersectional Approach towards Parental Employment in Families with a Child with a Disability: The Case of Belgium

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-261
Author(s):  
Julie Vinck ◽  
Wim Van Lancker
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Single Parents ◽  
Childhood Disability ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Parental Employment ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Employment Probabilities ◽  
The Relationship

For parents with disabled children labour market participation is difficult since these children require care that exceeds typical parental care. At the same time, disabled children often live in families who belong to social categories that are associated with lower employment probabilities. However, the intersection between disability and social categories is hitherto overlooked in the literature. Drawing on a case study of Belgium, this article empirically examines to what extent parental employment is explained by the child’s disability and/or the family’s social disadvantages. For this, unique and large-scale register data are used. The results show that (1) childhood disability overlapped with social disadvantages; (2) childhood disability inhibited parental employment; but (3) the relationship differed by social category: for single parents, parents with low educational qualifications, and parents having multiple disabled children, disability and social disadvantage reinforced each other.

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