scholarly journals Mindfulness and Attention: Current State-of-Affairs and Future Considerations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchika Prakash ◽  
Stephanie Fountain-Zargoza ◽  
Arthur F. Kramer ◽  
Shaadee Samimy ◽  
John Wegman
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
Comparison Groups

This review examines longitudinal studies of changes in attentional control following mindfulness training. A total of 56 retreat studies, feasibility studies, and randomized controlled trials were identified. Outcome measures were broadly categorized based on whether they operated primarily via top-down mechanisms, involving goal-directed modulation of attention via endogenous information, or bottom-up mechanisms, involving attentional capture via exogenous cues. Although many feasibility and retreat studies provide promising evidence supporting gains in both top-down and bottom-up attention following mindfulness training, evidence from randomized controlled trials, especially those involving active control comparison groups, is more mixed. This review calls attention to the urgent need in our field of contemplative sciences for adopting the methodological rigor necessary for establishing the efficacy of mindfulness meditation as a cognitive rehabilitation tool. Although studies including wait-list control comparisons were fruitful in providing initial feasibility data and pre-post effect sizes, there is a pressing need to employ standards that have been heavily advocated in the broader cognitive and physical training literatures. Critically, inclusion of active comparison groups and explicit attention to reduction of demand characteristics are needed to disentangle the effects of placebo from treatment. Further, detailed protocols for mindfulness and control groups and examination of theoretically guided outcome variables with established metrics for reliability and validity are key ingredients in the systematic study of mindfulness meditation. Adoption of such methodological rigor will allow for causal claims supporting mindfulness training as an efficacious treatment modality for cognitive rehabilitation and enhancement.

scholarly journals Cognitive rehabilitation interventions after stroke: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Zhao ◽  
Xue Wang ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Adam A. Dmytriw ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and 53.4% of stroke survivors suffer from post-stroke cognitive impairment. Post-stroke cognitive impairment can increase hospitalization rate and cost of care and decrease the quality of life of stroke patients. To date, multiple cognitive rehabilitation interventions have been tested in stroke populations with post-stroke cognitive impairment. However, the most efficacious intervention has not been established. This systematic review aims to compare the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation interventions for patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment. Methods We will search MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, CINAHL, PubMed, and clinical trial registries to identify eligible randomized clinical trials with no restrictions in the date of publication and language. Studies conducted with patients aged 18 or over, with the presence of cognitive impairment after being diagnosed with stroke will be included. Studies will be restricted to randomized controlled trials comparing a cognitive rehabilitation intervention with another intervention. The primary outcome is any clinical changes in the general or specific cognitive domain (e.g., executive function, attention, memory, or perception). The secondary outcomes that will be collected include adverse effects (e.g., stroke, disability, or mortality) and quality of life. Two independent reviewers will assess articles to identify trials eligible for inclusion. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment of the included studies will also be done independently. Any discrepancies will be solved by discussion, or a third reviewer will be consulted if necessary. A meta-analysis will be carried out if appropriate. Discussion This systematic review for patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment will assess the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation interventions. And our results will help clinical decision-making and support the development of clinical practice guidelines. Trial registration Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020173988

scholarly journals Commencement of and Retention in Web-Based Interventions and Response to Prompts and Reminders: Longitudinal Observational Study Based on Two Randomized Controlled Trials

10.2196/24590 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. e24590
Author(s):  
Athanasios Andriopoulos ◽  
Erik M G Olsson ◽  
Ylva Hägg Sylvén ◽  
Jonas Sjöström ◽  
Birgitta Johansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Median Duration ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Baseline Data Collection ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Comparison Groups

Background Web-based interventions are effective for several psychological problems. However, recruitment, adherence, and missing data are challenges when evaluating these interventions. Objective This study aimed to describe the use patterns during the commencement phase, possible retention patterns (continuation of data provision), and responses to prompts and reminders among participants in 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating web-based interventions. Methods Data on use patterns logged in 2 RCTs aiming to reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression among adult patients recently diagnosed with cancer (AdultCan RCT) and patients with a recent myocardial infarction (Heart RCT) were analyzed. The web-based intervention in the AdultCan trial consisted of unguided self-help and psychoeducation and that in the Heart trial consisted of therapist-supported cognitive behavioral therapy. In total, 2360 participants’ use patterns at first log-in, including data collection at baseline (ie, commencement) and at 2 follow-ups, were analyzed. Both the intervention and comparison groups were analyzed. Results At commencement, 70.85% (909/1283) and 86.82% (935/1077) of the participants in AdultCan and Heart RCTs, respectively, logged in and completed baseline data collection after receiving a welcome email with log-in credentials. The median duration of the first log-in was 44 minutes and 38 minutes in AdultCan and Heart RCTs, respectively. Slightly less than half of the participants’ first log-ins were completed outside standard office hours. More than 80% (92/114 and 103/111) of the participants in both trials explored the intervention within 2 weeks of being randomized to the treatment group, with a median duration of 7 minutes and 47 minutes in AdultCan and Heart RCTs, respectively. There was a significant association between intervention exploration time during the first 2 weeks and retention in the Heart trial but not in the AdultCan trial. However, the control group was most likely to retain and provide complete follow-up data. Across the 3 time points of data collection explored in this study, the proportion of participants responding to all questionnaires within 1 week from the prompt, without a reminder, varied between 35.45% (413/1165) and 66.3% (112/169). After 2 reminders, up to 97.6% (165/169) of the participants responded. Conclusions Most participants in both RCTs completed the baseline questionnaires within 1 week of receiving the welcome email. Approximately half of them answered questions at baseline data collection outside office hours, suggesting that the time flexibility inherent in web-based interventions contributes to commencement and use. In contrast to what was expected, the intervention groups generally had lower completion rates than the comparison groups. About half of the participants completed the questionnaires without a reminder, but thereafter, reminders contributed to both baseline and follow-up retention, suggesting they were effective. Strategies to increase commencement of and retention in eHealth interventions are important for the future development of effective interventions and relevant research.

scholarly journals Neurorehabilitation in Parkinson’s Disease: A Critical Review of Cognitive Rehabilitation Effects on Cognition and Brain

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Díez-Cirarda ◽  
Naroa Ibarretxe-Bilbao ◽  
Javier Peña ◽  
Natalia Ojeda
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Brain Changes

Background. Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients experience cognitive impairment which has been related to reduced quality of life and functional disability. These symptoms usually progress until dementia occurs. Some studies have been published assessing the efficacy of cognitive treatments on improving cognition, functional outcome, and producing changes in brain activity. Objective. A critical review was performed to present up-to-date neurorehabilitation effects of cognitive rehabilitation in PD, with special emphasis on the efficacy on cognition, quality of life aspects, brain changes, and the longitudinal maintenance of these changes. Results. After exclusions, 13 studies were reviewed, including 6 randomized controlled trials for the efficacy on cognition, 2 randomized controlled trials regarding the brain changes after cognitive training, and 5 studies which evaluated the long-term effects of cognitive treatments. Conclusions. Cognitive rehabilitation programs have demonstrated to be effective on improving cognitive functions, but more research is needed focusing on the efficacy on improving behavioral aspects and producing brain changes in patients with PD. Moreover, there is a need of randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up periods.

Mindfulness training for smoking cessation: A meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 1841-1850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Theodora Oikonomou ◽  
Marios Arvanitis ◽  
Robert L Sokolove
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Percent Confidence Interval ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Recent studies have shown that mindfulness training has a promising potential for smoking treatment. In order to examine the efficacy of mindfulness training in smoking cessation, we performed a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Four randomized controlled trials with 474 patients were included in our analysis. The results showed that 25.2 percent of participants remained abstinent for more than 4 months in the mindfulness group compared to 13.6 percent of those who received usual care therapy (relative risk, 1.88; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.04–3.40). Our results suggest that mindfulness training may have an important role to play in efforts to lower cigarette smoking rates.

scholarly journals The effect of mindfulness meditation on sleep quality: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 1445 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather L. Rusch ◽  
Michael Rosario ◽  
Lisa M. Levison ◽  
Anlys Olivera ◽  
Whitney S. Livingston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled
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