Affective Recognition for Multimedia Environments A Review
Detecting emotional responses in multimedia environments is an academically and technologically challenging research issue. In the domain of Affective Computing, from non-interactive and static stimuli (e.g. affective image) to highly interactive and dynamic environments (affective virtual realities), researchers have employed a wide range of affective stimuli to measure and interpret human psychological and physiological emotional behaviours. Various psychophysiological parameters (e.g. Electroencephalography, Galvanic Skin Response, Heart Rate, etc.) have been employed and investigated, in order to detect and quantify human affective states. In this paper, we present a detailed literature review of over 33 affective computing studies, undertaken since 1993. All aspects of these studies (stimuli type, pre-processing, windowing, features, classification technique, etc.) have been reported in detail. We believe that this paper not only summarises the breadth of research over the past 20 years, but also serves to clarify various significant aspects and details of this increasingly valuable and relevant research area.