scholarly journals No Correlation between Perception of Meaning and Positive Schizotypy in a Female College Sample

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ubuka Tagami ◽  
Shu Imaizumi
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Category ◽  
Perceptual Dimension ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
College Sample ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Paranormal Beliefs ◽  
Japanese Female ◽  
Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Degraded Images ◽  
The Relationship

We visually perceive meaning from stimuli in the external world. There are inter-individual variations in the perception of meaning. A candidate factor to explain this variation is positive schizotypy, which is a personality analogous to positive symptoms of schizophrenia (e.g., visual hallucination). The present study investigated the relationship between positive schizotypy, and the perception of meaning derived from meaningful and meaningless visual stimuli. Positive schizotypy in Japanese female undergraduates (n = 35) was assessed by the Cognitive-Perceptual dimension of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. The participants were asked to report what they saw in noise-degraded images of meaningful objects (Experiment 1) and to respond whether the objects were meaningful (Experiment 2A) and which paired objects were meaningful (Experiment 2B). Positive schizotypy (i.e., Cognitive-Perceptual score) did not correlate with time to detect meaningful objects, and with false-alarm rates, sensitivity, and response criterion in the perception of meaning from meaningful and meaningless stimuli. These results were against our hypothesis and contradicted previous findings. The inconsistencies are discussed in terms of different methods (e.g., stimulus category) and conditions (e.g., paranormal beliefs).

The Relationship Between Multisensory Temporal Processing and Schizotypal Traits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler C. Dalal ◽  
Anne-Marie Muller ◽  
Ryan A Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Temporal Order Judgment ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Magical Thinking ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Relationship

Recent literature has suggested that atypical sensory processing observed in schizophrenia may contribute to clinical symptomatology. Specifically, multisensory temporal processing was shown to be strongly associated with hallucination severity. Here, we explored whether this relationship extends to a broader spectrum of schizotypal traits, in line with the DSM-5’s shift towards a more dimensional approach to diagnostic criteria within Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders. Fifty-one participants completed an audiovisual temporal order judgment task as a measure of multisensory temporal processing and self-reported levels of schizotypal traits using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. These data revealed two novel findings. First, less precise multisensory temporal processing was related to higher overall levels of schizotypal traits. Second, this relationship was specific to the cognitive-perceptual domain, and more specifically, the Unusual Perceptual Experiences and Odd Beliefs or Magical Thinking measures. Previous literature has shown that less precise multisensory temporal processing was related to the severity of hallucinations in schizophrenia. These findings provide a novel, direct extension of this previous work by demonstrating that this relationship applies to traits across the schizophrenia spectrum, including at the subclinical level.

Relationship between Schizotypal and Borderline Traits in College Students

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 306-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero ◽  
Serafín Lemos-Giráldez ◽  
Mercedes Paino ◽  
Susana Sierra-Baigrie ◽  
José Muñiz
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Lack Of Control ◽  
Borderline Personality Traits ◽  
Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire ◽  
The Relationship

The main objective of the present investigation was to analyze the relationship between self-reported schizotypal and borderline personality traits in a sample of 759 college students (M = 19.63 years; SD = 2.03). For this purpose, the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQB; Raine and Benishay, 1995) and Borderline Personality Questionnaire (BPQ; Poreh et al., 2006) were administered. The results showed that schizotypal and borderline features are partially related at subclinical level. The exploratory factor analysis conducted on the subscales revealed a three-factor solution comprised of the following factors: Identity/Interpersonal, Lack of Control and Schizotypal. The canonical correlation analysis showed that schizotypal features and borderline personality traits shared 34.8 % of the variance. The data highlight the overlap between schizotypal and borderline personality traits in nonclinical young adults. Future studies should continue to examine the relationship and the degree of overlap between these traits in community samples.

scholarly journals Feeling Oneself Requires Embodiment: Insights From the Relationship Between Own-Body Transformations, Schizotypal Personality Traits, and Spontaneous Bodily Sensations

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Michael ◽  
Deborah Guyot ◽  
Emilie Tarroux ◽  
Mylène Comte ◽  
Sara Salgues
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Body Awareness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Representations ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Mental Rotations ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Coherent Picture

Subtle bodily sensations such as itching or fluttering that occur in the absence of any external trigger (i.e., spontaneous sensations, or SPS) may serve to locate the spatial boundaries of the body. They may constitute the normal counterpart of extreme conditions in which body-related hallucinations and perceptual aberrations are experienced. Previous investigations have suggested that situations in which the body is spontaneously experienced as being deformed are related to the ability to perform own-body transformations, i.e., mental rotations of the body requiring disembodiment. We therefore decided to consider whether the perception of SPS might relate to embodiment as assessed through (i) the ability to perform own-body transformations (OBT task) and (ii) schizotypal traits (Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, or SPQ), since high degrees of schizotypy in the general population have been associated with more vivid perceptions and aberrant perceptual experiences. Then participants completed a standard SPS task. Our analysis revealed that the slower the response time in the OBT task, the more frequent the perception of SPS. This suggests that difficulties in disembodying and mentally transforming one’s own body facilitate feeling oneself. Furthermore, a greater number of correct responses in the OBT task was associated with less frequent perception of SPS. This suggests that finding it easier to disembody and perform mental own-body transformations interferes with the ability to sense oneself. The results also show that higher schizotypal traits, as assessed through the SPQ, are associated with more frequent perception of SPS. Taken together, these results provide a coherent picture and suggest that embodiment is required in order to correctly feel oneself, as expressed through the perception of SPS. The ability to easily experience disembodiment reduces the sense of feeling oneself, and proneness to schizotypal traits produces body misperceptions that enhance and amplify this feeling. The results are discussed in the light of current knowledge and theories about body representations, taking into account attention and interoception as factors that influence body awareness. We offer explanations for perceptual aberrations, body-related delusions, and hallucinations based on misperceived or misinterpreted SPS, and we discuss possible mechanisms that may contribute to feeling and misperceiving oneself.

The relationship between cannabis use and schizotypal symptoms

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L. Bailey ◽  
Brian L. Swallow
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Process ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Schizotypal Symptoms

AbstractTo test the relationship between schizotypal symptoms and cannabis use in a non-clinical population, cannabis users and non-users were asked to complete the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Significant differences in scores between the groups were observed. There may be a developmental process in the relationship between cannabis use and schizotypal symptoms.

Relation of Tolerance of Ambiguity to Global and Specific Paranormal Experience

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Houran ◽  
Carl Williams
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Negative Relation ◽  
Tolerance Of Ambiguity ◽  
Paranormal Beliefs ◽  
Internal Experience ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Paranormal Experience

We examined the relationship of tolerance of ambiguity to severe global factors and specific types of anomalous or paranormal experience. 107 undergraduate students completed MacDonald's 1970 AT-20 and the Anomalous Experiences Inventory of Kumar, Pekala, and Gallagher. Scores on the five subscales of the Anomalous Experiences Inventory correlated differently with tolerance of ambiguity. Global paranormal beliefs, abilities, experiences, and drug use were positively associated with tolerance of ambiguity, whereas a fear of paranormal experience showed a negative relation. The specific types of anomalous experiences that correlated with tolerance of ambiguity often involved internal or physiological experience, e.g., precognitive dreams, memories of reincarnation, visual apparitions, and vestibular alterations. We generally found no effects of age or sex. These results are consistent with the idea that some paranormal experiences are misattributions of internal experience to external (‘paranormal’) sources, a process analogous to mechanisms underpinning delusions and hallucinations.

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