scholarly journals Why Grit Requires Perseverance AND Passion to Positively Predict Performance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Jachimowicz ◽  
Andreas Wihler ◽  
Erica Bailey ◽  
Adam Galinsky
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
The Public ◽  
Contradictory Evidence ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Public Imagination

Grit has captured the public imagination and crept into educational policy throughout the United States. However, because prior studies linking grit and performance are beset by contradictory evidence, commentators increasingly state that grit is over-hyped. We propose that the inconsistency between grit's initial promise and its subsequent lack of empirical support has occurred because grit's measurement has not matched its definition. Although grit is defined as the combination of perseverance and passion, its measurement has focused on perseverance and has not adequately captured passion. In a meta-analysis of 127 studies and two field studies, we show that passion is a key component of grit. The current theory and results suggest that perseverance without passion isn't grit, but merely a grind.

Shiners on the River

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-166
Author(s):  
Jane G.V. McGaughey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
French Canadian ◽  
Gendered Violence ◽  
Male Violence ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ottawa River ◽  
Public Imagination

This chapter investigates the activities of the Shiners, a notorious band of Irish Catholic lumberjacks in the Ottawa Valley who haunted the public imagination as the very worst representation of Irish male violence in the Canadas. Their criminal activities included rape, arson, assault, battery, and murder. They were led by Peter Aylen, an Irishman who had risen to the heights of economic and social power in the timber business. Aylen wanted to destroy his French Canadian and Orange rivals, and used his teams of lumbermen to achieve these aims on either side of the Ottawa River. The chapter recounts many of the Shiners’ worst crimes within a framework of gendered violence and uses contemporary comparisons with the Irish in Australia and the United States in order to place the Shiners’ infamy within a broader transnational context.

scholarly journals It Takes Three: How Mass Media Coverage Conditions Public Responsiveness to Policy Outputs in the United States

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Williams ◽  
Martijn Schoonvelde
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Policy Area ◽  
The Public ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
Public Demand

Democratic governance requires that policy outcomes and public demand for policy be linked. While studies have shown empirical support for such a relationship in various policy domains, empirical evidence also indicates that the public is relatively unaware of policy outputs. This raises a puzzle: Why do policy outputs influence public attitudes if the public knows little about them?MethodsThis study seeks to address this paradox by examining the conditioning role of media coverage. We rely on data derived from the Policy Agendas Project in the United States, allowing us to analyze the relationship between policy outcomes, public preferences, and newspaper content across a long span of time (1972–2007).ResultsOur results indicate that public policy preferences respond to policy outputs, and that this relationship is strengthened by greater media attention to a policy area. Importantly, our findings also indicate that without media attention to a policy area, there is no direct effect of policy outputs on public demand for policy.ConclusionsMedia coverage appears to be a key factor for public responsiveness to occur. In the absence of policy coverage by the media, public responsiveness to policy outputs is greatly reduced.

scholarly journals A continental system for forecasting bird migration

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 361 (6407) ◽  
pp. 1115-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin M. Van Doren ◽  
Kyle G. Horton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bird Migration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Seasonal Migrations ◽  
Migration Intensity ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Migratory Movements

Billions of animals cross the globe each year during seasonal migrations, but efforts to monitor them are hampered by the unpredictability of their movements. We developed a bird migration forecast system at a continental scale by leveraging 23 years of spring observations to identify associations between atmospheric conditions and bird migration intensity. Our models explained up to 81% of variation in migration intensity across the United States at altitudes of 0 to 3000 meters, and performance remained high in forecasting events 1 to 7 days in advance (62 to 76% of variation was explained). Avian migratory movements across the United States likely exceed 500 million individuals per night during peak passage. Bird migration forecasts will reduce collisions with buildings, airplanes, and wind turbines; inform a variety of monitoring efforts; and engage the public.

8. The Court and the world

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Linda Greenhouse
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Imagination ◽  
The U.S

When the Framers set the Supreme Court in motion, they had no template for what they were about to create. “The court and the world” demonstrates that other countries were able to use the Supreme Court for inspiration, and many have done so. What they have chosen to take and leave from the Court’s example is instructive. Lifetime tenure is less common outside the United States, with most European courts preferring nine- or ten-year appointments and aiming for unanimity rather than majority. While specific knowledge about the Court is limited, the U.S. Supreme Court still holds a place in the public imagination.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jai Galliott ◽  
Jens David Ohlin ◽  
Duncan MacIntosh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Weapon Systems ◽  
The Public ◽  
Broad Agreement ◽  
Public Imagination ◽  
Second World ◽  
Control Regime

The question of whether new rules or regulations are required to govern, restrict, or even prohibit the use of autonomous weapon systems—defined by the United States as systems that, once activated, can select and engage targets without further intervention by a human operator or, in more hyperbolic terms, by the dysphemism “killer robots”—has preoccupied government actors, academics, and proponents of a global arms-control regime for the better part of a decade. Many civil-society groups claim that there is consistently growing momentum in support of a ban on lethal autonomous weapon systems, and frequently tout the number of (primarily second world) nations supporting their cause. However, to objective external observers, the way ahead appears elusive, as the debate lacks any kind of broad agreement, and there is a notable absence of great power support. Instead, the debate has become characterized by hyperbole aimed at capturing or alienating the public imagination....

6. Star Wars and beyond

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-103
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Siracusa
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Cuban Missile Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Star Wars ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Public Imagination

‘Star Wars and beyond’ focuses on the various anti-missile shields proposed after the Cuban Missile Crisis. By the 1960s, both the United States and the Soviet Union, looking for alternatives to the doctrine of mutual assured destruction, found themselves caught up in an offensive and defensive arms race. Would an anti-missile shield respond effectively to the complex demands on it? Was the American arsenal enough of a deterrent to discourage rivals from striking first? Would the ‘shield’ approach reignite the arms race? Reagan’s Strategic Defence Initiative (christened ‘Star Wars’ by critics) did not at first capture the public imagination, but its legacy continued in later administrations and is still felt today.

scholarly journals A continental system for forecasting bird migration

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin M. Van Doren ◽  
Kyle G. Horton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bird Migration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Migration Intensity ◽  
Variation Explained ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Migratory Movements

AbstractBillions of animals cross the globe each year during seasonal migrations, but efforts to monitor them are hampered by the irregularity and relative unpredictability of their movements. We developed a bird migration forecast system with continental scope by leveraging 23 years of spring observations to learn associations between atmospheric conditions and bird migration intensity. Our models explained up to 81% of variation in migration intensity across the United States at altitudes of 0-3000 m, and performance remained high when forecasting events 24-72 h into the future (68-72% variation explained). We infer that avian migratory movements across the United States frequently exceed 200 million individuals per night and exceed 500 million individuals per night during peak passage. Accurately forecasting bird migration will allow stakeholders to reduce collisions with illuminated buildings, airplanes, and wind turbines, predict movements under climate change scenarios, and engage the public.

Verán ustedes las chozas más humildes. El discurso de pobreza en la diplomacia pública cardenista dirigida a Estados Unidos

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-281
Author(s):  
Sylvia Dümmer Scheel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Deal ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
Lazaro Cardenas ◽  
The New Deal

El artículo analiza la diplomacia pública del gobierno de Lázaro Cárdenas centrándose en su opción por publicitar la pobreza nacional en el extranjero, especialmente en Estados Unidos. Se plantea que se trató de una estrategia inédita, que accedió a poner en riesgo el “prestigio nacional” con el fin de justificar ante la opinión pública estadounidense la necesidad de implementar las reformas contenidas en el Plan Sexenal. Aprovechando la inusual empatía hacia los pobres en tiempos del New Deal, se construyó una imagen específica de pobreza que fuera higiénica y redimible. Ésta, sin embargo, no generó consenso entre los mexicanos. This article analyzes the public diplomacy of the government of Lázaro Cárdenas, focusing on the administration’s decision to publicize the nation’s poverty internationally, especially in the United States. This study suggests that this was an unprecedented strategy, putting “national prestige” at risk in order to explain the importance of implementing the reforms contained in the Six Year Plan, in the face of public opinion in the United States. Taking advantage of the increased empathy felt towards the poor during the New Deal, a specific image of hygienic and redeemable poverty was constructed. However, this strategy did not generate agreement among Mexicans.

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