Network Approaches to Representing and Understanding Personality Dynamics

From its emergence at the beginning of the 20th century, personality scientists pursued two goals – a nomothetic approach that investigated the structure of individual differences between people in a population and an idiographic approach that explored variation within a person relative to him or herself. Implicit in both was an assumption that dynamic processes underlay the emergence of personality within and across people, but available methods at the time precluded testing dynamic questions. In this chapter, we first track the how the history of both nomothetic idiographic perspectives impacted the study of personality structure and dynamics. Next, we review findings and unanswered contemporary questions regarding nomothetic and idiographic structure, processes, and dynamics. Finally, we conclude by arguing for an idiographic network approach to understanding personality based in dynamic systems theory. We provide both theoretical questions for future research, some of which were proposed by early personality theorists but progressed slowly due to a lack of adequate methods, as well as cutting-edge techniques for actually testing them. We believe these methods capable of moving the study of personality dynamics – and personality more broadly -- forward.

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Within-Person Variability

10.31234/osf.io/kavbp ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Emorie D Beck ◽

Joshua James Jackson

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

20Th Century ◽

Statistical Models ◽

Cutting Edge ◽

Future Research ◽

Idiographic Approach ◽

History Of ◽

Nomothetic Approach

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Complex dynamic systems in students of interpreting training

Translation and Interpreting Studies ◽

10.1075/tis.00011.don ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 185-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yanping Dong

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Systems ◽

Empirical Data ◽

Self Organization ◽

Future Research ◽

Dynamic Systems Theory ◽

Complex Dynamic ◽

Initial State ◽

Cognitive Changes ◽

Complex Dynamic Systems ◽

Contradictory Data

Abstract Students of interpreting training may go through drastic cognitive changes, but current empirical findings are disparate and isolated. To integrate these findings and to obtain a better understanding of interpreting training, the present article tries to reinterpret students of interpreting training as complex dynamic systems. Relying primarily on longitudinal empirical data from several existing studies, the article illustrates how the initial state of some key parameters influences the progress of the systems, how the parameters themselves evolve, and how interpreting competence develops as a result of self-organization. The hope is that a metatheoretical framework such as Dynamic Systems Theory will allow specific findings and particularistic models for interpreting training to be integrated. Moreover, this approach may allow false dichotomies in the field to be overcome and seemingly contradictory data in empirical reports to be better understood, thereby providing guidelines for future research.

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How does gaze to faces support face-to-face interaction? A review and perspective

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review ◽

10.3758/s13423-020-01715-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 856-881 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Roy S. Hessels

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Systems ◽

Visual Information ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Observational Research ◽

Future Research ◽

Dynamic Systems Theory ◽

Face To Face ◽

Vision Science ◽

Literature Overview ◽

Social Gaze

Abstract Gaze—where one looks, how long, and when—plays an essential part in human social behavior. While many aspects of social gaze have been reviewed, there is no comprehensive review or theoretical framework that describes how gaze to faces supports face-to-face interaction. In this review, I address the following questions: (1) When does gaze need to be allocated to a particular region of a face in order to provide the relevant information for successful interaction; (2) How do humans look at other people, and faces in particular, regardless of whether gaze needs to be directed at a particular region to acquire the relevant visual information; (3) How does gaze support the regulation of interaction? The work reviewed spans psychophysical research, observational research, and eye-tracking research in both lab-based and interactive contexts. Based on the literature overview, I sketch a framework for future research based on dynamic systems theory. The framework holds that gaze should be investigated in relation to sub-states of the interaction, encompassing sub-states of the interactors, the content of the interaction as well as the interactive context. The relevant sub-states for understanding gaze in interaction vary over different timescales from microgenesis to ontogenesis and phylogenesis. The framework has important implications for vision science, psychopathology, developmental science, and social robotics.

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COMPLEX DYNAMIC SYSTEMS THEORY IN LANGUAGE LEARNING

Studies in Second Language Acquisition ◽

10.1017/s0272263121000553 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-29

Author(s):

Phil Hiver ◽

Ali H. Al-Hoorie ◽

Reid Evans

Keyword(s):

Language Learning ◽

Systems Theory ◽

Dynamic Systems ◽

Future Research ◽

Dynamic Systems Theory ◽

Complex Dynamic ◽

Complex Dynamic Systems ◽

Methodological Rigor ◽

Method Integration ◽

Theory Research

Abstract A quarter of a century has passed since complex dynamic systems theory was proposed as an alternative paradigm to rethink and reexamine some of the main questions and phenomena in applied linguistics and language learning. In this article, we report a scoping review of the heterogenous body of research adopting this framework. We analyzed 158 reports satisfying our inclusion criteria (89 journal articles and 69 dissertations) for methodological characteristics and substantive contributions. We first highlight methodological trends in the report pool using a framework for dynamic method integration at the levels of study aim, unit of analysis, and choice of method. We then survey the main substantive contribution this body of research has made to the field. Finally, examination of study quality in these reports revealed a number of potential areas of improvement. We synthesize these insights in what we call the “nine tenets” of complex dynamic systems theory research, which we hope will help enhance the methodological rigor and the substantive contribution of future research.

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Exploring the Impact of Extralinguistic Factors on L2/FL Attrition

The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198793595.013.28 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 348-363

Author(s):

Teodora H. Mehotcheva ◽

Kleopatra Mytara

Keyword(s):

Foreign Language ◽

Dynamic Systems ◽

Language Contact ◽

Future Research ◽

Theory Approach ◽

Dynamic Systems Theory ◽

Research Findings ◽

The Impact ◽

Attitude And Motivation

This chapter attempts an overview of the most important extralinguistic variables involved to the study of second language (L2) / foreign language (FL) attrition by considering them under a Dynamic Systems Theory approach. First the role of attained proficiency is examined, followed by some of the most debated factors such as age, attitude, and motivation and language contact and use. The chapter continues with an investigation of two rather neglected factors: context and length of exposure/residence, before presenting aptitude, level of education, and literacy, for which empirical evidence is lacking. Finally, incubation is briefly mentioned. Existing research findings as well as the implication of cluster factors for the understanding of the L2/FL attrition are pointed out. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the major problems encountered while attempting to evaluate the influence of the variables discussed and some suggestions for future research.

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Cratylus’ silence: On the philosophy and methodology of Complex Dynamic Systems Theory in SLA

Second language Research ◽

10.1177/0267658321992451 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026765832199245

Author(s):

Gabriele Pallotti

Keyword(s):

Second Language Acquisition ◽

Systems Theory ◽

Dynamic Systems ◽

Point Of View ◽

Future Research ◽

Dynamic Systems Theory ◽

Complex Dynamic ◽

Empirical Inquiry ◽

Complex Dynamic Systems ◽

Open Issues

Complex Dynamic Systems Theory (CDST) has received considerable attention over the last decades, inspiring a number of second language acquisition studies. This article examines the research from a critical epistemological point of view, starting from the Greek philosopher Cratylus, who concluded that remaining silent is the only way to be entirely coherent with the idea that everything is complex and dynamic. An alternative to this drastic conclusion may consist in ‘saying without saying too much’, that is, setting some limits to theorizing and empirical inquiry. Problems of description, prediction and generalization in a CDST framework are discussed, pointing to some open issues to be addressed by future research. Finally, some proposals are made for a more constructive research program, which may even involve abandoning the ‘CDST’ label.

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Improving Feeding Outcomes in the NICU: Moving From Volume-Driven to Infant-Driven Feeding

Perspectives on Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) ◽

10.1044/sasd19.3.68 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 68-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Catherine S. Shaker

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Dynamic Systems ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Well Being ◽

Dynamic Systems Theory ◽

Feeding Problems ◽

Care Giving ◽

Extremely Preterm ◽

Extremely Preterm Infants

Current research on feeding outcomes after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) suggests a need to critically look at the early underpinnings of persistent feeding problems in extremely preterm infants. Concepts of dynamic systems theory and sensitive care-giving are used to describe the specialized needs of this fragile population related to the emergence of safe and successful feeding and swallowing. Focusing on the infant as a co-regulatory partner and embracing a framework of an infant-driven, versus volume-driven, feeding approach are highlighted as best supporting the preterm infant's developmental strivings and long-term well-being.

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A Dynamic Systems Approach to Personality

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027//1016-9040.6.3.172 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 172-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Lawrence A. Pervin

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Systems ◽

Systems Approach ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Dynamic View ◽

The Future ◽

History Of

David Magnusson has been the most articulate spokesperson for a holistic, systems approach to personality. This paper considers three concepts relevant to a dynamic systems approach to personality: dynamics, systems, and levels. Some of the history of a dynamic view is traced, leading to an emphasis on the need for stressing the interplay among goals. Concepts such as multidetermination, equipotentiality, and equifinality are shown to be important aspects of a systems approach. Finally, attention is drawn to the question of levels of description, analysis, and explanation in a theory of personality. The importance of the issue is emphasized in relation to recent advances in our understanding of biological processes. Integrating such advances into a theory of personality while avoiding the danger of reductionism is a challenge for the future.

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