scholarly journals Stress Allostasis in Substance Use Disorder: Promise, Progress, and Emerging Priorities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaylen Fronk ◽  
Sarah June Kittleson Sant'Ana ◽  
Jesse T Kaye ◽  
John Joseph Curtin
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Treatment Development ◽  
Etiologic Role ◽  
Stress Biology ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biology Research

Clinicians and researchers alike have long believed that stressors play a pivotal etiologic role in risk, maintenance, and/or relapse of alcohol and other substance use disorders (SUDs). Numerous seminal and contemporary theories on SUD etiology posit that stressors may motivate drug use and that individuals who use drugs chronically may display altered responses to stressors. We use foundational basic stress biology research as a lens through which to evaluate critically the available evidence to support these key stress-SUD theses in humans. Additionally, we examine the field’s success to date in targeting stressors and stressor allostasis in treatments for SUDs. We conclude with our recommendations for how best to advance our understanding of the relationship between stressors and drug use, and we discuss clinical implications for treatment development.

scholarly journals Stress Allostasis in Substance Use Disorders: Promise, Progress, and Emerging Priorities in Clinical Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 401-430
Author(s):  
Gaylen E. Fronk ◽  
Sarah J. Sant'Ana ◽  
Jesse T. Kaye ◽  
John J. Curtin
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Treatment Development ◽  
Etiologic Role ◽  
Stress Biology ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biology Research

Clinicians and researchers alike have long believed that stressors play a pivotal etiologic role in risk, maintenance, and/or relapse of alcohol and other substance use disorders (SUDs). Numerous seminal and contemporary theories on SUD etiology posit that stressors may motivate drug use and that individuals who use drugs chronically may display altered responses to stressors. We use foundational basic stress biology research as a lens through which to evaluate critically the available evidence to support these key stress–SUD theses in humans. Additionally, we examine the field's success to date in targeting stressors and stress allostasis in treatments for SUDs. We conclude with our recommendations for how best to advance our understanding of the relationship between stressors and drug use, and we discuss clinical implications for treatment development.

scholarly journals ADHD with comorbid substance use disorder: review of treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 436-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Magon ◽  
Ulrich Müller
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Illicit Substances

SummarySubstance use disorders are a frequent comorbidity in adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This review discusses the relationship between adult ADHD and substance use disorder, including use of licit and illicit substances such as nicotine, alcohol, cocaine and cannabis. We discuss treatment studies in this area and provide a treatment algorithm to guide clinicians in the management of adult ADHD comorbid with different forms and severities of substance use disorder.

Alcohol and Drug Problems

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
Dennis C. Daley ◽  
Antoine Douaihy
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Prescription Drug Misuse ◽  
Illegal Drug Use ◽  
Drug Problems

A substance problem is any negative outcome from prescription drug misuse, illegal drug use, or binge drinking. These problems often lead to substance use disorders (SUDs). Any substance use can cause problems. The real issues are a person’s reasons for using, and whether that substance use is part of a substance use disorder. Family members often think of the drug as being the problem when it is really the person’s pattern of use and reasons for using that are the problems. Drugs come and go and are replaced by new ones all the time. SUDs and addiction are people problems that involve drugs.

scholarly journals The prevalence and correlates of substance use disorders among patients of two different treatment settings in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supa Pengpid ◽  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
World Health ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Treatment Settings

Abstract Background Monk healers provide an accessible and popular service in Southeast Asia, but little is known on the substance use status of their clients. This investigation intended to assess and compare the rate and correlates of substance use disorders in two different treatment settings (monk healers = MH and primary health care = PHC) in Thailand. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 1024 patients (591 of MH and 613 of PHC) responded to screening measures of the “World Health Organization Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test Lite”, and two common mental disorders (major depression and generalized anxiety disorder) from November 2018 to February 2019. Logistic regression was used to estimate the determinants of any substance use disorder in the MH and PHC setting. Results The prevalence of substance use disorder was higher in MH clients than PHC patients: any substance use disorder 11.7% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 9.3–14.5%) vs 5.4% (95% CI: 3.9–7.5%), tobacco use disorder 7.6% (95% CI: 5.7–9.9%) vs 2.5% (95% CI: 1.5–4.0%), alcohol use disorder 10.0% (95% CI: 8.4–13.6%) vs 4.3% (95% CI: 3.0–6.3%), any drug use disorder 4.2% (95% CI: 2.8–6.1%) vs 0.3% (95% CI: 0.08–1.3%), and any past three months drug use 8.2% (95% CI: 6.2–10.7%) vs 1.5, 95% CI: 0.8–2.8%). In adjusted logistic regression analysis, among MH clients, male sex (Adjusted Odds Ratio-AOR: 9.52, 95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.06–17.92) was positively, and were married (AOR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.16–0.61) and high social support (AOR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.16–0.99) were negatively associated with any substance use disorder. Among PHC patients, male sex (AOR: 7.05, 95% CI: 2.99–16.63) was positively and age (AOR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92–0.98) was negatively associated with any substance use disorder. Conclusion The proportion of substance use disorders among MH attendees was more than twice that of PHC attenders in Thailand, calling for collaboration in controlling substance use disorders between the two treatment systems.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Correlates of Substance Use Disorders Among Patients of Two Different Treatment Settings in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supa Pengpid ◽  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
World Health ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Treatment Settings

Background: Monk healers provide an accessible and popular service in Southeast Asia, but little is known on the substance use status of their clients. This investigation intended to assess and compare the rate and correlates of substance use disorders in two different treatment settings (monk healers=MH and primary health care=PHC) in Thailand. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 1024 patients (591 of MH and 613 of PHC) responded to screening measures of the “World Health Organization Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test Lite”, and two common mental disorders (major depression and generalized anxiety disorder) from November 2018 to February 2019. Logistic regression was used to estimate the determinants of any substance use disorder in the MH and PHC setting. Results: The prevalence of substance use disorder was higher in MH clients than PHC patients: any substance use disorder 11.7% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 9.3%-14.5%) vs 5.4% (95% CI: 3.9%-7.5%), tobacco use disorder 7.6% (95% CI: 5.7%-9.9%) vs 2.5% (95% CI: 1.5%-4.0%), alcohol use disorder 10.0% (95% CI: 8.4%-13.6%) vs 4.3% (95% CI: 3.0%-6.3%), any drug use disorder 4.2% (95% CI: 2.8%-6.1%) vs 0.3% (95% CI: 0.08%-1.3%), and any past three months drug use 8.2% (95% CI: 6.2%-10.7%) vs 1.5%, 95% CI: 0.8%-2.8%). In adjusted logistic regression analysis, among MH clients, male sex (Adjusted Odds Ratio-AOR: 9.52, 95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.06-17.92) was positively, and were married (AOR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.16-0.61) and high social support (AOR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.16-0.99) were negatively associated with any substance use disorder. Among PHC patients, male sex (AOR: 7.05, 95% CI: 2.99-16.63) was positively and age (AOR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98) was negatively associated with any substance use disorder. Conclusion: The proportion of substance use disorders among MH attendees was more than twice that of PHC attenders in Thailand, calling for collaboration in controlling substance use disorders between the two treatment systems.

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory Fitness Predicts Higher Inhibitory Control in Patients With Substance Use Disorder

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Vagner D.O. Tavares ◽  
Kell G. da Costa ◽  
Daniel A.R. Cabral ◽  
Maria L.M. Rego ◽  
Menna Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Inhibitory Function ◽  
Potential Factor ◽  
Inhibitory Control Test ◽  
The Relationship

Impaired inhibitory control has been shown in individuals with substance use disorder (SUD). Cardiorespiratory fitness has been described as a potential factor to improve inhibitory control; however, the benefits in individuals with SUD are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness with general and drug-specific inhibitory control in individuals with SUD. Sixty-two male participants under treatment for SUD performed a general and drug-specific inhibitory control test (go/no-go) and a cardiorespiratory fitness test. Cardiorespiratory fitness, age, and years of drug use were inversely associated with reaction time for both general and drug-specific inhibitory control. In addition, the regression models showed that cardiorespiratory fitness predicts general and drug-specific inhibitory control adjusted for age and time of drug use. However, cardiorespiratory fitness predicts equally both general and drug-specific inhibitory control. These findings suggest that increasing cardiorespiratory fitness could provide benefits in the inhibitory function of individuals with SUD.

Epidemiology of Substance use Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise B. Kandel ◽  
Mei-Chen Hu ◽  
Pamela C. Griesler ◽  
Bradley T. Kerridge ◽  
Bridget F. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Problematic Drug ◽  
Race Ethnicity

The epidemiology of drug use in the general population includes two distinct streams of research. The more common stream measures consumption patterns by asking individuals whether (and how frequently) they have ever used specific classes of drugs. The second stream measures the extent of problematic drug use by asking individuals about behaviors and symptoms that would meet the criteria for a substance use disorder. This chapter presents data on the epidemiology and phenomenology of substance use disorders from comparative and developmental perspectives, focusing on DSM-5 definitions, prevalence for types of drugs and by age, gender, and race/ethnicity, comorbidity with psychiatric disorders, and developmental stages.

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