scholarly journals Affective Dynamics in Bipolar Spectrum Psychopathology: Modeling Inertia, Reactivity, Variability, and Instability in Daily Life

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Havens Sperry ◽  
Thomas Richard Kwapil
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Affective Dynamics ◽  
Hypomanic Personality Scale

Background: Bipolar psychopathology is characterized by affective dysregulation independent of mood episodes. However, previous research has relied on laboratory-based emotion-eliciting tasks or retrospective questionnaires that do not take into account temporal dynamics of affect. Thus, the present study examined affective dynamics (reactivity, variability, instability, and inertia) of low and high arousal negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA) in daily life in those at risk for bipolar psychopathology. Methods: Undergraduates (n=135) completed the Hypomanic Personality Scale and experience sampling surveys assessing affective experiences 8 times daily for 7 days. Results: HPS scores were associated with greater reactivity of NA when experiencing negative or stressful events, variability of NA (high and low arousal) and PA (high arousal), and instability of NA and PA (high and low arousal) in daily life. HPS scores were associated with a high probability of acute increases in NA and PA and were unassociated with levels of inertia. Limitations: This study only examined short-term dynamics over 7 days. Future studies should model both short- and long-term dynamics and whether these dynamics predict behavioral outcomes. Conclusions: These results provide evidence that bipolar spectrum psychopathology is characterized by reactivity of NA as well as variability, instability, and acute increases in NA and PA in daily life over-and-above mean levels of affect. Modeling affective dynamics may provide context-relevant information about the course and trajectory of bipolar spectrum psychopathology and should facilitate the use of experience sampling methodology to study and intervene in mood lability in patients with bipolar disorders.

scholarly journals Bipolar Spectrum Psychopathology is Associated with Altered Emotion Dynamics Across Multiple Timescales

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Havens Sperry ◽  
Thomas Richard Kwapil
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Multiple Timescales ◽  
Emotion Dynamics ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Hypomanic Personality Scale

Emotion dysregulation is a core feature of bipolar spectrum psychopathology and may confer risk for poor outcomes or progression along the bipolar spectrum. However, previous research on bipolar psychopathology has primarily concentrated on characterizing distinct mood episodes and failed to characterize micro-level dynamics of the experience of emotion. This is the first study to our knowledge to comprehensively examine the extent to which bipolar spectrum psychopathology, as measured by the Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS), is associated with altered dynamics of positive (PA) and negative affect (NA) across multiple timescales. Young adults (n=233) oversampled for high HPS scores (>1.5 SD) completed self-report questionnaires and 14 days of experience sampling questionnaires assessing high and low arousal NA and PA. Four emotion dynamics (reactivity, variability, instability, inertia) were computed from each participant’s time-series. As predicted, HPS were positively associated with variability and instability of high arousal NA and PA both within- and between-days (over-and-above mean-levels of emotions, depression, and neuroticism). Further, HPS scores were associated with large fluctuations in low but not high arousal NA and moderated stress-reactivity. Specifically, those high scorers on the HPS were more likely to report feeling like their emotions were out of control (but not high intensity NA) when experiencing stress. Contrary to expectation, HPS scores were unassociated with inertia of high arousal PA. Findings indicated that micro-level emotion dynamics are disrupted across multiple timescales in those high in bipolar spectrum psychopathology. Examining emotion dynamics should enhance understanding of risk for bipolar disorders and facilitate development of mood-monitoring interventions.

Variability in Sleep is Associated with Trait-Based and Daily Measures of Bipolar Spectrum Psychopathology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Havens Sperry ◽  
Thomas Richard Kwapil
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Subsyndromal Symptoms

Introduction: Although sleep disturbances are well documented in bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs), significantly less research has examined whether these disturbances are present in those at risk for developing BSDs or with subsyndromal symptoms. The present study examined associations between risk for BSDs, as measured by the Hypomanic Personality Scale (HPS), and sleep assessed using experience sampling. We assessed whether intraindividual variability in sleep was associations with affect, cognition, and behavior in daily life and potential directionality of these relationships. Methods: 233 young adults oversampled for high scores on the HPS completed 14 days of experience sampling assessing total sleep time (TST), bed/rise time, sleep quality, affect (negative and positive affect), cognition (difficulty concentrating, racing thoughts), and behavior (impulsivity) in daily life. We used Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling (DSEM) to assess within-person links between sleep and bipolar spectrum psychopathology. Results: HPS scores were associated with less TST, later bedtime, and more variable TST and bedtime. Variability in TST was associated with negative affect, difficulty concentrating/racing thoughts, and impulsivity. Within-person decreases in sleep were associated with next day increases in negative affect, stress, difficulty concentrating, and racing thoughts. Limitations: Measurement of sleep was limited. Future studies should examine both objective measures of sleep (e.g., actigraphy) and fragmentation in sleep. Conclusions: Risk for BSD was associated with similar patterns of sleep disruptions as seen in BSDs. Important dynamic links between sleep and bipolar spectrum psychopathology emerged indicating that sleep is an important target for improving symptoms of BSDs in daily life.

Emotional Variability Predicts Tiredness in Daily Life

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aire Mill ◽  
Anu Realo ◽  
Jüri Allik
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Experience Sampling Method ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Intraindividual Variability ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Intraindividual variability, along with the more frequently studied between-person variability, has been argued to be one of the basic building blocks of emotional experience. The aim of the current study is to examine whether intraindividual variability in affect predicts tiredness in daily life. Intraindividual variability in affect was studied with the experience sampling method in a group of 110 participants (aged between 19 and 84 years) during 14 consecutive days on seven randomly determined occasions per day. The results suggest that affect variability is a stable construct over time and situations. Our findings also demonstrate that intraindividual variability in affect has a unique role in predicting increased levels of tiredness at the momentary level as well at the level of individuals.

Monitoring Daily Life Using Mobile Phones: The Experience Sampling Method

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Preziosa ◽  
Marta Bassi ◽  
Daniela Villani ◽  
Andrea Gaggioli ◽  
Giuseppe Riva
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Experience Sampling Method

scholarly journals Predicting Sexual Desire in Daily Life from an Attachment Perspective: An Experience Sampling study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jacques van Lankveld ◽  
Marieke Dewitte ◽  
Viviane Thewissen ◽  
Nele Jacobs ◽  
Peter Verboon
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Desire ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Experience Sampling

Experience sampling research in psychopathology: opening the black box of daily life

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1533-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Myin-Germeys ◽  
M. Oorschot ◽  
D. Collip ◽  
J. Lataster ◽  
P. Delespaul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Psychological Models ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
New Research ◽  
Momentary Assessment

A growing body of research suggests that momentary assessment technologies that sample experiences in the context of daily life constitute a useful and productive approach in the study of behavioural phenotypes and a powerful addition to mainstream cross-sectional research paradigms. Momentary assessment strategies for psychopathology are described, together with a comprehensive review of research findings illustrating the added value of daily life research for the study of (1) phenomenology, (2) aetiology, (3) psychological models, (4) biological mechanisms, (5) treatment and (6) gene–environment interactions in psychopathology. Overall, this review shows that variability over time and dynamic patterns of reactivity to the environment are essential features of psychopathological experiences that need to be captured for a better understanding of their phenomenology and underlying mechanisms. The Experience Sampling Method (ESM) allows us to capture the film rather than a snapshot of daily life reality of patients, fuelling new research into the gene–environment–experience interplay underlying psychopathology and its treatment.

Temporal Dynamics of PERMA Building Blocks and Well-being in Daily Life: An Ecological Momentary Assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeideh Heshmati ◽  
Zita Oravecz
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dynamical Features ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Most assessments of well-being have relied on retrospective accounts, measured by global evaluative well-being scales. Following the recent debates focused on the assessment of hedonic and eudaimonic well-being based on the elements of the PERMA theory, the current study aimed to shed further light onto the measurement of PERMA elements in daily life and their temporal dynamics. Through an Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) design (N=160), we examined the dynamics of change (e.g., baselines and intra-individual variability) in the PERMA elements using the mPERMA measure, which is an EMA-adapted version of the PERMA Profiler. Findings revealed that momentary experiences of well-being, quantified via PERMA elements, map onto their corresponding hedonic or eudaimonic well-being components, and its dynamical features provide novel insights into predicting global well-being. This work offers avenues for future research to assess well-being in real-time and real-world contexts in ecologically valid ways, while eliminating recall bias.

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