Judgments of moral responsibility in tissue donation cases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Beebe
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Tissue Donation ◽  
Potential Donor ◽  
Sperm Donor ◽  
Biological Relationship ◽  
Related Individuals ◽  
Unique Ability

If a person requires an organ or tissue donation to survive, many philosophers argue that whatever moral responsibility a biological relative may have to donate to the person in need will be grounded at least partially, if not entirely, in biological relations the potential donor bears to the recipient. We contend that such views ignore the role that a potential donor’s unique ability to help the person in need plays in underwriting such judgments. If, for example, a sperm donor is judged to have a significant moral responsibility to donate tissue to a child conceived with his sperm, we think this will not be due to the fact that the donor stands in a close biological relationship to the recipient. Rather, we think such judgments will largely be grounded in the presumed unique ability of the sperm donor to help the child due to the compatibility of his tissues and organs with those of the recipient. In this paper, we report the results of two studies designed to investigate the comparative roles that biological relatedness and unique ability play in generating judgments of moral responsibility in tissue donation cases. We found that biologically related individuals are deemed to have a significant moral responsibility to donate tissue only when they are one of a small number of people who have the capacity to help.

Judgments of Moral Responsibility in Tissue Donation Cases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Beebe
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Primary Factor ◽  
Tissue Donation ◽  
Potential Donor ◽  
Sperm Donor ◽  
Perceived Burden ◽  
Related Individuals ◽  
Unique Ability

If a person requires a tissue donation in order to survive, many philosophers argue that whatever moral responsibility a biological relative may have to donate to the person in need will be grounded at least partially, if not entirely, in the biological relations the potential donor bears to the recipient. Such views tend to ignore the role played by a potential donor’s unique ability to help the person in need and the perceived burden of the donation type in underwriting such judgments. If, for example, a sperm donor is judged to have a significant moral responsibility to donate tissue to a child conceived with his sperm, we argue that such judgments will largely be grounded in the presumed unique ability of the sperm donor to help the child due to the compatibility of his tissues with those of the recipient. In this paper, we report the results of two main studies and three supplementary studies designed to investigate the comparative roles that biological relatedness, unique ability to help, and donation burden play in generating judgments of moral responsibility in tissue donation cases. We found that the primary factor driving individuals’ judgments about the moral responsibility of a potential donor to donate tissue to someone in need was the degree to which a donor was in a unique ability to help. We observed no significant role for biological relatedness as such. Biologically related individuals were deemed to have a significant moral responsibility to donate tissue only when they are one of a small number of people who have a relatively unique capacity to help. We also found that people are less inclined to think individuals have a moral responsibility to donate tissue when the donation is more costly to make. We bring these results into dialogue with contemporary disputes concerning the ethics of tissue donation.

scholarly journals DOAÇÃO DE ÓRGÃOS E TECIDOS PARA TRANSPLANTES: motivos de não autorização

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Flaviana de Souza Marques ◽  
Maria das Dores Perpétua Barbosa ◽  
Ivete Maria Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Tissue Donation ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Potential Donor ◽  
Organ And Tissue Donation ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
The Face ◽  
Unrelated Donors

Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, de abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. Ela objetivou conhecer os motivos que levam o familiar a não autorizar a doação de órgãos. Esses registros foram feitos por uma equipe da Comissão Intra-Hospitalar de Doação de Órgãos e Tecidos para Transplantes de um hospital do sul de Santa Catarina. A coleta de dados foi realizada mediante um formulário com questões abertas e fechadas e registradas no próprio instrumento. Os sujeitos deste estudo foram os não doadores registrados nos formulários de notificação de potencial doador com coração parado e de morte encefálica, que fazem parte dos registros desta comissão. Os formulários analisados compreendem os anos de janeiro de 2011 até abril de 2013. De acordo com os registros da Comissão, a recusa familiar atingiu 135 casos, além de 21 casos específicos de que o paciente em vida não desejava ser doador. Portanto, a notificação incompleta impediu a classificação da recusa familiar neste estudo. Conhecer os fatores que dificultam a doação de órgãos poderá contribuir na dinâmica da equipe, uma vez que esta poderá atuar de maneira mais efetiva diante das negativas, elevando, desta forma, os índices de transplantes e melhorando a qua-lidade de vida dos indivíduos que estão à espera de um doador.Palavras-chave: Transplante de tecido. Transplante de órgãos. Triagem de doadores. Doadores não re-lacionados. ORGAN AND TISSUE DONATION FOR TRANSPLANTATION:reasons for non-authorizationAbstract: This is a documentary research, of a qualitative and quantitative approach. It aimed to identifythe reasons that lead family members not to allow organ donation. These records were made by an Intra-Hospital Commission on Organ and Tissue Donation for Transplantation team of a hospital in the south of Santa Catarina. The data collection was conducted using a form with open and closed questions and registered on the instrument itself. The subjects of this study were the non-donors registered in the notification forms of potential donor with cardiac arrest and brain death, which are part of the records of this committee. The forms analysed comprise the years from January 2011 to April 2013. According to the records of the Commission, refusal family reached 135 cases, and 21 specific cases that the patient in life didn’t want to be a donor. Therefore, underreporting prevented the classification of family refusal in this study. Knowing the factors that hinder organ donation can contribute to team dynamics, since it can act more effectively in the face of negatives, increasing, thus, the rates of transplantation and improving the quality of life of individuals who are waiting for a donor.Keywords: Tissue transplantation. Organ transplantation. Donor selection. Unrelated donors. DONACIÓN DE ÓRGANOS Y TEJIDOS PARA TRANSPLANTES:motivos de no autorizacionesResumen: Tratase de una investigación documental, de abordaje cualitativo y cuantitativo. Esta tiene como objetivo conocer los motivos que llevan al familiar a no autorizar la donación de órganos. Estos registrosfueron hechos por un equipo de la Comisión Intrahospitalaria de Donaciones de Órganos y Tejidos para Trasplantes de un hospital del sur de Santa Catarina. La colecta de datos fue realizada mediante preguntasabiertas, cerradas y registradas en el propio instrumento. Los sujetos de este estudio fueron los no donantes registrados en los formularios de notificación de donante potencial con corazón parado y de muerte encefálica, que hacen parte de los registros de esta comisión. Los formularios analizados comprendenlos años de enero de 2011 hasta abril de 2013. De acuerdo con los registros de la Comisión, la negativa familiar alcanzó el número de 135 casos, además de 21 casos específicos en los que el paciente en vida no deseaba ser donante. Por lo tanto, la notificación incompleta impidió la clasificación de la negativa familiar en este estudio. Conocer los factores que dificultan la donación de órganos podrá contribuir en la dinámica del equipo, una vez que esta podrá actuar de manera más efectiva delante de las negativas, elevando, de esta forma, los índices de trasplantes y mejorando la calidad de vida de los individuos que están a la espera de un donante.Palabras clave: Trasplante Transplante de tejidos. Trasplante Transplante de órganos. Selección de donante. Donante no emparentado93

Resource barriers to the facilitation of organ and tissue donation reported by Australian emergency clinicians

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia H. Marck ◽  
George A. Jelinek ◽  
Sandra L. Neate ◽  
Bernadine M. Dwyer ◽  
Bernadette B. Hickey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Tissue Donation ◽  
Donor Pool ◽  
Potential Donor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Organ And Tissue Donation ◽  
Ed Overcrowding ◽  
Related Stress

Objective. To explore emergency department clinicians’ perceived resource barriers to facilitating organ and tissue donation (OTD). Methods. A cross-sectional national online survey of Australian emergency department (ED) clinicians. Results. ED clinicians reported a range of resource barriers that hinder the facilitation of OTD, most notably a lack of time to discuss OTD with a patient’s family (74.6%). Those reporting more resource barriers had been less involved in OTD-related tasks. For example, those reporting a lack of time to assess a patient’s suitability to be a potential donor had less experience with OTD-related tasks in the last calendar year than did those who reported that they often or always have enough time for this (P < 0.01). In addition, ED clinicians working in DonateLife network hospitals were more involved in OTD-related tasks (P < 0.01) and reported fewer resource shortages in the ED and the hospital overall. Conclusions. Resource shortages hinder the facilitation of OTD in the ED and are related to decreased involvement in OTD-related tasks. In addition, ED clinicians working in DonateLife hospitals are more involved in OTD-related tasks and report fewer resource shortages overall. Addressing resource shortages and extending the DonateLife network could benefit OTD rates initiated from the ED. What is known about the topic? Increasing the rate of organ and tissue donation (OTD) has become progressively more urgent as waiting lists for organs and tissues are growing globally. Recently a missed potential donor pool was recognised in emergency departments (EDs) and the Organ and Tissue Authority implemented a ‘clinical trigger’ tool to aid with the identification of potential donors in EDs. However, many Australian studies have reported worsening ED overcrowding and resource shortages in recent years with an adverse effect on patient care and satisfaction as well as on ED clinicians’ work-related stress and satisfaction. International literature has identified that certain resource barriers hinder the facilitation of organ and tissue in EDs. However, there is currently no literature available on how resource barriers in Australian EDs affect the facilitation of OTD. What does this paper add? Our study shows that Australian ED clinicians perceive a range of resource barriers that hinder the facilitation of OTD, most notably a lack of time to discuss OTD with a patient’s family or to identify potential donors. We also found that those reporting more resource barriers had been less involved in OTD-related tasks in the last calendar year. In addition, those that work in hospitals that are part of the DonateLife network, and thus have dedicated staff available for OTD-related tasks, were more involved in OTD-related tasks and reported fewer resource shortages in the ED and the hospital overall. What are the implications for practitioners? To maximize the number of potential donors recognised and referred from the ED, it may be important to decrease the resource barriers identified in this study. Notably, the presence of specialist OTD staff, a function of being part of a DonateLife network hospital, may result in a decreased perception of resource barriers in the ED and more engagement with OTD-related tasks by ED clinicians.

A Continuous Quality Improvement Process to Increase Organ and Tissue Donation

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W Burris ◽  
Arlene J Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Continuous Quality Improvement ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Tissue Donation ◽  
Tissue Donors ◽  
Potential Donor ◽  
Organ Procurement Organization ◽  
Quality Improvement Process ◽  
Continuous Quality ◽  
Improvement Process

The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 mandated that hospitals must identify potential organ and tissue donors, notify an organ procurement organization of the potential donor, and inform family members regarding the opportunity to donate organs and tissues. Although the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations requires that hospitals comply with this statute, no standard for documenting compliance exists. A continuous quality improvement process was developed at one institution to define a policy, educate staff, and document and monitor compliance. The number of referrals to the organ procurement organization and the number of organ and tissue donors were found to increase. These observations suggest that implementation of a continuous quality improvement process that ensures compliance with organ procurement regulations might increase the number of organ and tissue donors.

scholarly journals Potential Donor Families' Experiences of Organ and Tissue Donation–related Communication, Processes and Outcomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Marck ◽  
S. L. Neate ◽  
M. Skinner ◽  
B. Dwyer ◽  
B. B. Hickey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Donation ◽  
Potential Donor ◽  
Organ And Tissue Donation ◽  
Communication Processes

scholarly journals In-house coordination project for organ and tissue procurement: social responsibility and promising results

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Silva e Silva ◽  
Luciana Carvalho Moura ◽  
Luciana Ribeiro Martins ◽  
Roberta Cristina Cardoso dos Santos ◽  
Janine Schirmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Tissue Donation ◽  
Potential Donor ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tissue Procurement ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Nonparametric Statistical ◽  
Student’S T Test

Abstract Objectives: to report the results of evaluation regarding changes in the number of potential donor referrals, actual donors, and conversion rates after the implementation of an in-house organ and tissue donation for transplantation coordination project. Methods: epidemiological study, both retrospective and transversal, was performed with organ donation data from the Secretariat of Health for the State and the in-house organ donation coordination project of a beneficent hospital. The data was compared using nonparametric statistical Mann-Whitney test, and the Student's t-test, considering a significance level of 5% (p <0.05). Results: there were statistically significant differences (p < 0.05), before and after the implementation of the project on the number of potential donor notification/month (3.05 - 4.7 ), number of actual donor/month (0.78 to 1.60) and rate of conversion ( 24.7 to 34.8 %). The hospitals 1, 2, 7 and 8 had significant results in potential donor, actual donor or conversion rate. Conclusion: the presence of an in-house coordinator is promising and beneficial, the specialist is important to change the indicators of efficiency, which consequently reduces the waiting lists for organ transplants.

Judgments of moral responsibility in tissue donation cases

Bioethics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
John Beverley ◽  
James Beebe
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Tissue Donation

Nursing students’ perceptions on organs and tissue donation

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1353
Author(s):  
Talita Freitas Souza ◽  
Kelly Helaine Miranda Moura ◽  
Gracy Tadeu Ferreira Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Tissue Donation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Potential Donor ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Basic Parameters

ABSTRACTObjective: to understand the level of awareness related to donation of organs and tissues of nursing students in a Higher Education Institution of Goiás Method: a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected during March and April 2010, through semi-structured interviews with 20 students of nursing, which conformed to the criteria for inclusion. The data were analyzed according to Bardin technique. The research project was approved by the Ethics and Research (CEP) UniEvangélica. Results: the study showed little knowledge about the basic parameters for a professional approach on the part of academics. Among the factors favorable to giving the highlight was the purpose of saving lives. In relation to religion appeared unfavorable factors, lack of knowledge and credibility with regard to organ procurement program. Conclusion: given the importance of nursing staff in providing appropriate assistance from family, and with respect to the proper management of the potential donor is of utmost importance that these future professionals to have adequate knowledge and quality in their training. Descriptors: donation; organs and tissues; perception.RESUMOObjetivo: desvelar o nível de percepção relacionado a doação de órgãos e tecidos dos acadêmicos de enfermagem, em uma Instituição de Ensino Superior de Goiás. Métodos: estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados nos meses de março e abril de 2010, por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com 20 acadêmicos do curso de enfermagem, que se adequaram aos critérios de inclusão. Os dados foram analisados de acordo com a técnica de Bardin. O projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa (CEP) da UniEvangélica. Resultados: o estudo mostrou pouco conhecimento com relação aos parâmetros fundamentais para uma abordagem profissional por parte dos acadêmicos. Dentre os fatores favoráveis a doação destacou-se o propósito de salvar vidas. Já em relação aos fatores desfavoráveis apareceu religião, falta de conhecimento e credibilidade no que diz respeito ao programa de captação de órgãos. Conclusão: diante da importância da equipe de enfermagem na prestação de assistência adequada junto a família, e com relação ao manejo adequado do potencial doador, é de total relevância que estes futuros profissionais tenham conhecimento adequado e de qualidade em sua formação. Descritores: doação; órgãos e tecidos; percepção.RESUMENObjetivo: conocer el grado de conocimiento relacionados con la donación de órganos y tejidos de los estudiantes de enfermería en una Institución de Educación Superior de Goiás. Método: un enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo. Los datos fueron recolectados durante marzo y abril de 2010, a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas con 20 estudiantes de enfermería, que se ajustaban a los criterios de inclusión. Los datos fueron analizados de acuerdo a la técnica de Bardin. El proyecto de investigación fue aprobado por la Ética y la Investigación (CEP) UniEvangélica. Resultados: el estudio demostró poco conocimiento acerca de los parámetros básicos de un enfoque profesional por parte de los académicos. Entre los factores favorables a dar el punto culminante fue el propósito de salvar vidas. En relación con la religión apareció factores desfavorables, la falta de conocimiento y credibilidad en lo que respecta al programa de obtención de órganos. Conclusión: dada la importancia del personal de enfermería en la prestación de asesoramiento de la familia, y con respecto a la gestión adecuada del donante potencial es de suma importancia que estos futuros profesionales para tener un conocimiento adecuado y la calidad en su formación. Descriptores: donación; órganos y tejidos; percepción.

scholarly journals Percepção de familiares sobre a doação de órgãos e tecidos

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 578
Author(s):  
José Igor Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
Ana Dulce Batista dos Santos ◽  
Gerlene Grudka Lira ◽  
Luiza Taciana Rodrigues de Moura
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Tissue Donation ◽  
Potential Donor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Donation Process ◽  
Data Collection Instrument ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sobre Todo

RESUMOObjetivo: objetivou-se compreender as percepções de familiares a respeito da doação de órgãos e tecidos. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo. Compôs-se a amostra por sete acompanhantes familiares de pacientes internados no hospital escolhido para a pesquisa. Utilizou-se, como instrumento de coleta de dados, um roteiro semiestruturado contendo perguntas idealizadas para expressar as opiniões dos pesquisados sem, necessariamente, concordar com a temática. Submeteram-se os dados à Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: verificou-se que os participantes possuíam pouco conhecimento sobre a doação, todavia emergiram definições empíricas a seu respeito. Depreendeu-se que existem diversos fatores que interferem no processo de doação, entre eles o respeito à vontade do potencial doador, questões de solidariedade e perpetuação da vida, além do desconhecimento sobre todo o processo de doação no Brasil. Conclusão: constatou-se o pouco conhecimento e entendimento sobre a doação de órgãos, sendo esse resultado um reflexo de vários fatores, como a baixa discussão sobre o tema no meio social. Descritores: Doação de Orgãos; Doação de Tecidos; Transplante; Opinião Pública; Morte; Órgão.    ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the perceptions of family members regarding the donation of organs and tissues. Method: This is a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study. The sample was composed by seven family companions from patients admitted to the hospital chosen for the research. As a data collection instrument, a semi-structured script containing idealized questions was used to express the opinions of the respondents without necessarily agreeing to the theme. The data were submitted to the Bardin Content Analysis. Results: the participants had little knowledge about the donation; however, empirical definitions emerged about them. There are several factors that interfere in the donation process such as respect for the will of the potential donor, issues of solidarity and perpetuation of life, as well as ignorance about the entire donation process in Brazil. Conclusion: there was little knowledge and understanding about organ donation, and this result is a reflection of several factors, such as the low discussion about the subject in the social environment. Descriptors: Organ Donation; Tissue Donation; Transplant; Public Opinion; Death; Organ. RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender las percepciones de familiares sobre de la donación de órganos y tejidos. Método: se trata de un estudio cualitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo. La muestra fue de siete acompañantes familiares de pacientes internados en el hospital escogido para la investigación. Se utilizó una guía semi-estructurada como instrumento de recolección de datos conteniendo preguntas idealizadas para expresar las opiniones de los investigadores sin necesariamente estar de acuerdo con el tema. Los datos se sometieron al Análisis de Contenido de Bardin. Resultados: se verificó que los participantes poseían poco conocimiento sobre la donación; sin embargo, surgieron definiciones empíricas. Existen diversos factores que interfieren en el proceso de donación, entre ellos, el respeto a la voluntad del potencial donador, preguntas de solidaridad y perpetuación de la vida, además del desconocimiento sobre todo el proceso de donación en Brasil. Conclusión: se constató poco conocimiento y entendimiento sobre la donación de órganos y que ese resultado es un reflejo de varios factores, como la baja discusión sobre el tema en el medio social. Descritores: Donación de Órganos; Donación de Tejidos; Trasplante; Opinión Pública; La Muerte; Órgano.

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