scholarly journals Reductions in frontal theta synchrony and fronto-parietal theta-gamma coupling may underlie gaze processing abnormalities in bipolar disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carly A Lasagna ◽  
Tyler Grove ◽  
Erin Semple ◽  
Takakuni Suzuki ◽  
Preetha Pamidighantam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Theta Power ◽  
Oscillatory Power ◽  
Phase Amplitude

Objectives: Impaired social cognition in bipolar disorder (BD) is related to functional outcomes. A critical determinant of social cognition is the ability to discriminate the eye gaze direction of others, and its alteration may play a role in functional impairment in BD. However, the neural mechanisms underlying gaze processing in BD are unclear. Because neural oscillations and their communications through inter-region synchronization are crucial neurobiological mechanisms that support cognition, this study aimed to understand their role in gaze processing in BD.Methods: Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded during a gaze discrimination task for 38 participants with BD and 34 healthy controls (HC). Time-frequency decomposition of EEG data was used to examine: 1) neural oscillatory power at bilateral parietal and midline frontal locations associated with face processing and higher-level cognition, and 2) feedforward and feedback connectivity between sites via theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling (PAC).Results: Compared to HC, BD showed reduced theta power at the left parietal and midline frontal sites. BD also showed reduced PAC between bilateral parietal and midline frontal sites. Reduced theta power and PAC were related to poorer gaze discrimination task performance across participants.Conclusions: Altered theta power and feedforward/feedback connectivity between face-processing and midline frontal brain areas may underlie abnormal gaze processing in BD.

Investigating gaze processing in euthymic bipolar disorder: Impaired ability to infer mental state and intention, but preservation of social attentional orienting

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 2041-2051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Marotta ◽  
Roberto Delle Chiaie ◽  
Laura Bernabei ◽  
Rosangela Grasso ◽  
Massimo Biondi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Attentional Orienting ◽  
Impaired Ability ◽  
Cueing Task ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Mind

Euthymic bipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with subtle impairment in face processing. However, it is not known whether their difficulties extend to the processing of gaze. In the present study, two tasks, both of which rely on the ability to make use of the eye region of a pictured face, were used: the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test and the Eye-gaze cueing task. Compared to healthy controls, BD patients were impaired at judging mental state from images of the face but showed normal susceptibility to the direction of gaze as an attentional cue. These findings suggest that BD patients present selective gaze processing impairment, limited to the sensitivity to intention and emotion. This impairment could account at least partially for the higher levels of interpersonal problems generally observed in BD.

scholarly journals Electrophysiological aftereffects of high-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation (hf-tRNS): an EEG investigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Ghin ◽  
Louise O’Hare ◽  
Andrea Pavan
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Direction Discrimination ◽  
Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation

AbstractThere is evidence that high-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation (hf-tRNS) is effective in improving behavioural performance in several visual tasks. However, so far there has been limited research into the spatial and temporal characteristics of hf-tRNS-induced facilitatory effects. In the present study, electroencephalogram (EEG) was used to investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics of cortical activity modulated by offline hf-tRNS on performance on a motion direction discrimination task. We used EEG to measure the amplitude of motion-related VEPs over the parieto-occipital cortex, as well as oscillatory power spectral density (PSD) at rest. A time–frequency decomposition analysis was also performed to investigate the shift in event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) in response to the motion stimuli between the pre- and post-stimulation period. The results showed that the accuracy of the motion direction discrimination task was not modulated by offline hf-tRNS. Although the motion task was able to elicit motion-dependent VEP components (P1, N2, and P2), none of them showed any significant change between pre- and post-stimulation. We also found a time-dependent increase of the PSD in alpha and beta bands regardless of the stimulation protocol. Finally, time–frequency analysis showed a modulation of ERSP power in the hf-tRNS condition for gamma activity when compared to pre-stimulation periods and Sham stimulation. Overall, these results show that offline hf-tRNS may induce moderate aftereffects in brain oscillatory activity.

Dissimilar social cognition signatures in remitted schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 102593
Author(s):  
Urvakhsh Meherwan Mehta ◽  
M Punith ◽  
C Naveen Kumar ◽  
J. Keshav Kumar ◽  
YC Janardhan Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Social Cognition

scholarly journals Eye gaze patterns and functional brain responses during emotional face processing in adolescents with conduct disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 102519
Author(s):  
Willeke Martine Menks ◽  
Lynn Valérie Fehlbaum ◽  
Réka Borbás ◽  
Philipp Sterzer ◽  
Christina Stadler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Gaze Patterns ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Emotional Face Processing ◽  
Emotional Face

scholarly journals Social Cognition, Language, and Social Behavior in 7-Year-Old Children at Familial High-Risk of Developing Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder: The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study VIA 7—A Population-Based Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1218-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Jerlang Christiani ◽  
Jens R M Jepsen ◽  
Anne Thorup ◽  
Nicoline Hemager ◽  
Ditte Ellersgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Social Responsiveness ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Bonferroni Correction ◽  
Familial High Risk

Abstract Objective To characterize social cognition, language, and social behavior as potentially shared vulnerability markers in children at familial high-risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ) and bipolar disorder (FHR-BP). Methods The Danish High-Risk and Resilience Study VIA7 is a multisite population-based cohort of 522 7-year-old children extracted from the Danish registries. The population-based controls were matched to the FHR-SZ children on age, sex, and municipality. The FHR-BP group followed same inclusion criteria. Data were collected blinded to familial high-risk status. Outcomes were social cognition, language, and social behavior. Results The analysis included 202 FHR-SZ children (girls: 46%), 120 FHR-BP children (girls: 46.7%), and 200 controls (girls: 46.5%). FHR-SZ children displayed significant deficits in language (receptive: d = −0.27, P = .006; pragmatic: d = −0.51, P < .001), social responsiveness (d = −0.54, P < .001), and adaptive social functioning (d = −0.47, P < .001) compared to controls after Bonferroni correction. Compared to FHR-BP children, FHR-SZ children performed significantly poorer on adaptive social functioning (d = −0.29, P = .007) after Bonferroni correction. FHR-BP and FHR-SZ children showed no significant social cognitive impairments compared to controls after Bonferroni correction. Conclusion Language, social responsiveness, and adaptive social functioning deficits seem associated with FHR-SZ but not FHR-BP in this developmental phase. The pattern of results suggests adaptive social functioning impairments may not be shared between FHR-BP and FHR-SZ in this developmental phase and thus not reflective of the shared risk factors for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

scholarly journals ‘Awake delta’ and theta-rhythmic hippocampal network modes during intermittent locomotor behaviors in the rat

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan W. Schultheiss ◽  
Maximillian Schlecht ◽  
Maanasa Jayachandran ◽  
Deborah R. Brooks ◽  
Jennifer L. McGlothan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Theta Power ◽  
Frequency Decomposition ◽  
Speed Modulation ◽  
Delta Band ◽  
Locomotor Behaviors

AbstractDelta-frequency network activity is commonly associated with sleep or behavioral disengagement accompanied by a dearth of cortical spiking, but delta in awake behaving animals is not well understood. We show that hippocampal (HC) synchronization in the delta frequency band (1-4 Hz) is related to animals’ locomotor behavior using a detailed analysis of simultaneous head- and body-tracking data. In contrast to running-speed modulation of the theta rhythm (6-10 Hz, a critical mechanism in navigation models), we observed that strong delta synchronization occurred when animals were stationary or moving slowly and while theta and fast gamma (55-120 Hz) were weak. We next combined time-frequency decomposition of the local field potential with hierarchical clustering algorithms to categorize momentary estimations of the power spectral density (PSD) into putative modes of HC activity. Delta and theta power measures from these modes were notably orthogonal, and theta and delta coherences between HC recording sites were monotonically related to theta-delta ratios across modes. Next, we focused on bouts of precisely-defined running and stationary behavior. Extraction of delta and theta power density estimates for each instance of these bout types confirmed the orthogonality between frequency bands seen across modes. We found that delta-band and theta-band coherence within HC, and in a small sample, between HC and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), mirrored delta and theta components of the PSD. Delta-band synchronization often developed rapidly when animals paused briefly between runs, as well as appearing throughout longer stationary bouts. Taken together, our findings suggest that delta-dominated network modes (and corresponding mPFC-HC couplings) represent functionally-distinct circuit dynamics that are temporally and behaviorally interspersed amongst theta-dominated modes during navigation. As such these modes of mPFC-HC circuit dynamics could play a fundamental role in coordinating encoding and retrieval mechanisms or decision-making processes at a timescale that segments event sequences within behavioral episodes.

scholarly journals Aberrant Activation of the Mentalizing Brain System During Eye Gaze Discrimination in Bipolar Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivy F. Tso ◽  
Cynthia Z Burton ◽  
Carly A Lasagna ◽  
Saige Rutherford ◽  
Beier Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Gaze Perception ◽  
Brain System ◽  
Social Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Mentalizing System ◽  
Preferential Activation

Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with a range of social cognitive deficits. This study investigated the functioning of the mentalizing brain system in BD probed by an eye gaze perception task during fMRI. Compared with healthy controls (n = 21), BD participants (n = 14) showed reduced preferential activation for self-directed gaze discrimination in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), which was associated with poorer cognitive and social functioning. Aberrant functions of the mentalizing system should be further investigated as marker of social dysfunction and treatment targets.

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