scholarly journals When social exclusion is mandated: COVID-19, social distancing, gender and psychological needs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Graupmann ◽  
Michaela Pfundmair
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Baseline Condition ◽  
Need To Belong ◽  
Need Fulfillment ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Psychological Challenge

In light of evidence from ostracism research, social distancing to limit the spread of COVID-19 poses a unique psychological challenge. In a German (N=546) and a US (N=199) sample, we examined how different degrees of social distancing impact outcomes related to social exclusion, measuring self-related needs: self-esteem, belonging, control, and meaning. Across both samples social distancing was associated with decreased need fulfillment. German participants reported higher need fulfillment compared to American participants. In comparison to previous studies, self-related needs associated with social distancing were less impacted than under experimental manipulations of social exclusion, however more so than under the baseline condition of inclusion. Working while social distancing was associated with greater need fulfillment, as was identifying as male. Women reported lower need fulfillment in both samples and this difference was mediated by need to belong. Results are discussed in terms of understanding self-related needs in different contexts of exclusion.

Sự thỏa mãn nhu cầu tự trọng của người trưởng thành: Tiếp cận theo lý thuyết Tháp nhu cầu của Abraham Maslow

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-53
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Nam Co ◽  
Abraham Maslow ◽  
Needs Satisfaction

Trên thế giới, nhiều nghiên cứu về tự trọng đã được tiến hành trên nhóm khách thể là trẻ em và trẻ vị thành niên, tuy nhiên nhóm người trưởng thành từ 18 tuổi trở lên lại chưa nhận được sự quan tâm thích đáng. Ở Việt Nam, tình hình cũng tương tự, đặc biệt, các nghiên cứu về sự thỏa mãn nhu cầu tự trọng (Self- Esteem) tiếp cận dựa trên khung lý thuyết của Abraham Maslow còn rất thiếu vắng. Mục đích của nghiên cứu này nhằm mô tả sự thỏa mãn nhu cầu tự trọng của 301 người trưởng thành, độ tuổi 18 - 60 (Mean = 34.6, SD = 0.77) tại Việt Nam tiếp cận theo lý thuyết về Tháp nhu cầu của A. Maslow. Thang đo sự thỏa mãn nhu cầu tâm lý (Psychological Needs Satisfaction) của David Lester và cộng sự (1990), được sử dụng trong nghiên cứu này. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy: (i) Sự thỏa mãn nhu cầu tự trọng của người trưởng thành tại Việt Nam có điểm số trung bình cao nhất trong số 5 nhu cầu theo lý thuyết của A.Maslow; (ii) Các nhu cầu trong năm nhu cầu theo khung lý thuyết đều có mối tương quan mạnh với nhau, trong đó tương quan mạnh nhất là sự thỏa mãn nhu cầu tự trọng với nhu cầu hiện thực hóa bản thân; (iii) Có sự khác biệt về sự thỏa mãn nhu cầu tự trọng giữa các nhóm tuổi khác nhau và giữa các nhóm trình độ học vấn khác nhau, tuy nhiên chưa đủ bằng chứng để kết luận có sự khác biệt theo tiêu chí giới tính, địa bàn nghiên cứu, kiểu tính cách và mức thu nhập. Ngày nhận 01/10/2018; ngày chỉnh sửa 5/12/2018; ngày chấp nhận đăng 28/2/2019

scholarly journals Gossip about Coronavirus: Infection status and norm adherence shape social responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 658-679
Author(s):  
Terence D. Dores Cruz ◽  
Romy van der Lee ◽  
Bianca Beersma
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Social Responses ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Important Pathway ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

To stop the spread of the Coronavirus, people must avoid infection risk. Given widespread skepticism regarding information concerning the Coronavirus received from authorities, one potentially important pathway to estimate the infectiousness of one’s group members could be through gossip (i.e., information about an absent target). Infection risk is reflected by both infection status and adherence to social distancing norms. In hypothetical scenarios ( N = 837), participants received gossip that we manipulated to describe a group member’s infection status and/or norm adherence. Results showed people tended to believe gossip and that gossip influenced behavioral intentions to avoid and punish targets of gossip as well as the perception of targets. We conclude that gossip, while potentially unreliable, could affect how people treat group members. We discuss how gossip could alleviate the Coronavirus crisis by contributing to slowing the Coronavirus’s spread, as well as exacerbate it through increased social exclusion based on unverified information.

scholarly journals Motivational profiles and their relationships with basic psychological needs, academic performance, study strategies, self-esteem, and vitality in dental students in Chile

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar A. Orsini ◽  
Vivian I. Binnie ◽  
Jorge A. Tricio
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Study Strategies ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
Cluster Solution ◽  
Controlled Motivation ◽  
Motivational Profiles

Purpose: To determine dental students’ motivational profiles through a person-centred approach and to analyse the associations with the satisfaction of their basic psychological needs, study strategies, academic performance, self-esteem, and vitality. Methods: A total of 924 students from the University of San Sebastian (Chile) participated in this cross-sectional cor¬relational study in spring 2016. Data were collected through 5 self-reported instruments, in addition to students’ academic performance. The Cronbach alpha, descriptive statistics, and correla¬tion scores were computed. A k-means cluster analysis with intrinsic and controlled motivation was conducted to identify different mo-tivational profiles. Subsequently, multivariate analysis of covariance controlling for the effects of gender and year of study was carried out to assess differences among the retained motivational profiles and learning variables. Results: All instruments showed acceptable Cronbach alpha scores. A 4-cluster solution was retained for the motivational profile over a 3- or 5-cluster solution. Students’ motiva-tional profiles were characterized by different degrees of intrinsic and controlled motivation. The high intrinsic motivation groups showed higher perceptions of their basic psychological, a greater propensity for a deep rather than surface study strategy, better academic performance, and higher scores for self-esteem and vitality than the low intrinsic motivation groups, regardless of the degree of controlled motivation. Conclusion: Students with a high intrinsic motivation profile, regardless of their controlled motivation scores, reported better learning characteristics. Therefore, special attention should be paid to students’ motivational profiles, as the quality of motivation might serve as a basis for interventions to support their academic success and well-being.

scholarly journals UNTOUCHABILITY-THE PLIGHT OF DALITS: IN THE WORKS OF DALIT WRITERS, DR. B.R. AMBEDKAR AND OM PRAKASH VALMIKI

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Payal Bhardwaj ◽  
Vikas Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Social Consciousness ◽  
Legal Empowerment ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Indian History ◽  
The Right

The right to live a dignified life is one of the basic necessities of human beings. In Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, self-esteem and being respected takes almost the topmost position in a person’s psychological needs. Women’s suffragette, the civil movements for equality of African- American’s and other such movements in history are a testament of the same. However, Indian history reeks of a dark past, a past that not only differentiated amongst people, but treated them worse than animals. The Indian society’s ‘Chaturvarna’ system placed the untouchables in the lowest social category. They are also called ‘Dalits’, which literally translates to ‘broken men’. The untouchables were forced to inhumane treatment and atrocities for no fault of their own. Basic rights such as drinking water, food, proper accommodation and even walking on roads were not allowed to them. With the efforts of visionaries and social workers, the condition improved; but it is still not a complete victory. This paper is but a feeble light shining on the struggles that come with unfair castigation of this social hierarchy. It also points out how plight of Dalits is addressed in writings of the Dalit writers. Dalit writers suggested that the plight of Dalits can only be addressed through social consciousness, which can only come with education and legal empowerment.

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