scholarly journals Externalizing Behavior and Academic Achievement : Do Causal Relations Exist?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara Kulkarni ◽  
Amanda Sullivan ◽  
Jiwon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Academic Failure ◽  
Externalizing Behavior Problems ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effects

Children’s low academic skills are associated with a variety of behavior problems and maladaptive outcomes throughout childhood and adulthood. Given the prevalence of behavioral disorders is approximately 19% of all US children, understanding of the mechanisms through which academic achievement and externalizing behavior problems interact can inform effective intervention to prevent persistent academic failure, chronic behavioral difficulties, and related negative long-term outcomes. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to systematically review research on the association between low academic achievement and externalizing behavior problems, as well as evaluate the research indicating causal linkages, if any, between the two domains. Five databases were searched, including OVID Medline, PsycInfo, Academic Search Premier, ERIC, Education Resource and PROQUEST. Search terms included statistical designs that could support a hypothetical causal association (e.g., structural equation modeling). We screened a total of 1,990 studies, of which 26 met the final inclusion criteria. In total, ten studies reported significant negative effects between the two domains, of which only six reported effect sizes that could be considered meaningful. All but two reported these effects in the direction of early externalizing behavior problems to later academic achievement. Overall, there was inconclusive evidence for either a causal or predictive relationship. Implications for future research and educational practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Origins of children's externalizing behavior problems in low-income families: Toddlers' willing stance toward their mothers as the missing link

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (4pt1) ◽  
pp. 891-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazyna Kochanska ◽  
Sanghag Kim ◽  
Lea J. Boldt
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Parental Influence ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Externalizing Behavior Problems ◽  
Internalizing Behavior ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Maternal Responsiveness

AbstractAlthough children's active role in socialization has been long acknowledged, relevant research has typically focused on children's difficult temperament or negative behaviors that elicit coercive and adversarial processes, largely overlooking their capacity to act as positive, willing, even enthusiastic, active socialization agents. We studied the willing, receptive stance toward their mothers in a low-income sample of 186 children who were 24 to 44 months old. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a latent construct of willing stance, manifested as children's responsiveness to mothers in naturalistic interactions, responsive imitation in teaching contexts, and committed compliance with maternal prohibitions, all observed in the laboratory. Structural equation modeling analyses confirmed that ecological adversity undermined maternal responsiveness, and responsiveness, in turn, was linked to children's willing stance. A compromised willing stance predicted externalizing behavior problems, assessed 10 months later, and fully mediated the links between maternal responsiveness and those outcomes. Ecological adversity had a direct, unmediated effect on internalizing behavior problems. Considering children's active role as willing, receptive agents capable of embracing parental influence can lead to a more complete understanding of detrimental mechanisms that link ecological adversity with antisocial developmental pathways. It can also inform research on the normative socialization process, consistent with the objectives of developmental psychopathology.

Resilience in Adolescence: Prospective Self Moderates the Association of Early Life Adversity with Psychopathology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Elizabeth Zinn ◽  
Edward Huntley ◽  
Daniel Keating
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Early Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Externalizing Behavior Problems ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Latent Construct

Introduction. Early life adversity (ELA) can result in negative health-outcomes, including psychopathology. Evidence suggests that adolescence is a critical developmental period for processing ELA. Identity formation, which is crucial to this developmental period, may moderate the effect between ELA and psychopathology. One potential moderating variable associated with identity formation is Prospective Self, a latent construct comprised of future-oriented attitudes and behaviors.Methods. Participants are from the first wave of an ongoing longitudinal study designed to characterize behavioral and cognitive correlates of risk behavior trajectories. A community sample of 10th and 12th grade adolescents (N = 2017, 55% female) were recruited from nine public school districts across eight Southeastern Michigan counties in the United States. Data were collected in schools during school hours or after school via self-report, computer-administered surveys. Structural equation modeling was used in the present study to assess Prospective Self as a latent construct and to evaluate the relationship between ELA, psychopathology, and Prospective Self.Results. Preliminary findings indicated a satisfactory fit for the construct Prospective Self. The predicted negative associations between Prospective Self and psychopathology were found and evidence of moderation was observed for externalizing behavior problems, such that the effects of ELA were lower for individuals with higher levels of Prospective Self. Conclusion. These results support the role of Prospective Self in conferring resilience against externalizing behavior problems associated with ELA among adolescents. Keywords: Adolescence, Adverse Childhood Experiences, Psychopathology, Self-concept, Adolescent Health, Early Life Adversity

Unpacking the link between socioeconomic status and behavior problems: A second-order meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1889-1906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Korous ◽  
José M. Causadias ◽  
Robert H. Bradley ◽  
Suniya S. Luthar
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Externalizing Behavior Problems ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Occupational Prestige ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

AbstractSubstantial evidence links socioeconomic status to internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. However, it is unclear how these two categories of behavior problems relate to specific components of socioeconomic status (e.g., income, educational attainment, and occupational prestige) or overall social status. In this study, we conducted a second-order meta-analysis to estimate the average associations of income, education, occupation, and overall socioeconomic status with internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, and to examine if age, sex, and race/ethnicity moderated these associations. Our systematic search in PsycINFO, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global identified 12 meta-analyses (17% unpublished), including approximately 474 primary studies and 327,617 participants. In relation to internalizing, we found small average associations with income,r+= –.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) [–.31, –.04], and education,r+= –.12, 95% CI [–.15, –.09]. In relation to externalizing, we found smaller associations with income,r+= –.02, 95% CI [–.15, .10], education,r+= –.03, 95% CI [–.16, .10], and overall socioeconomic status,r+= –.05, 95% CI [–.11, .01], but these CIs included zero. Only sex composition of the samples moderated the latter association. We provide recommendations for best practices and future research directions.

scholarly journals Testing a developmental cascade model of emotional and social competence and early peer acceptance

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alysia Y. Blandon ◽  
Susan D. Calkins ◽  
Kevin J. Grimm ◽  
Susan P. Keane ◽  
Marion O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Social Skills ◽  
Social Competence ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Peer Acceptance ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Externalizing Behavior Problems ◽  
Cascade Model ◽  
Equation Modeling

AbstractA developmental cascade model of early emotional and social competence predicting later peer acceptance was examined in a community sample of 440 children across the ages of 2 to 7. Children's externalizing behavior, emotion regulation, social skills within the classroom and peer acceptance were examined utilizing a multitrait–multimethod approach. A series of longitudinal cross-lag models that controlled for shared rater variance were fit using structural equation modeling. Results indicated there was considerable stability in children's externalizing behavior problems and classroom social skills over time. Contrary to expectations, there were no reciprocal influences between externalizing behavior problems and emotion regulation, although higher levels of emotion regulation were associated with decreases in subsequent levels of externalizing behaviors. Finally, children's early social skills also predicted later peer acceptance. Results underscore the complex associations among emotional and social functioning across early childhood.

Influencing factors on inter-organizational trust asymmetry behavior in construction projects

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijing Li ◽  
Nan He ◽  
Huimin Li ◽  
Ziqi Liu ◽  
Jianyun Qi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cooperative Relationships ◽  
Factors Influencing

Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, determining which factors critically influence asymmetrical trust behaviors in construction projects within the Chinese context; second, proposing corresponding measures to deal with the asymmetrical behaviors of both the owner and the contractor promoting cooperative relationships among participants in construction organizations. Design/methodology/approach A theoretical model was developed and a questionnaire survey was conducted with 183 professionals. The data collected were analyzed by the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. Findings The results identified six critical factors influencing trust asymmetry behavior in construction projects. The power imbalance, information asymmetry and cognitive difference have a positive influence on both upward-trust behavior and downward-trust behavior in the construction organization, while the competence, performance capacity and relationship satisfaction have negative effects. Research limitations/implications This paper based on the assumption that trust asymmetry behavior has a negative impact on project performance, which should be further studied. Besides, future research may carry out a comparative analysis among the trusting relationships and behavior of different participants dynamically. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature in three aspects. First, the factors influencing trust behavior in project organization have been identified for the first time. Second, a comprehensive view of trust asymmetry behavior has been theorized by SEM method. Third, the result bridges the existing gap caused by the lack of empirical evidence to understand the genetic mechanisms of trust asymmetry behavior in the construction industry.

Early externalizing behavior problems: Toddlers and preschoolers at risk for later maladjustment

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSAN B. CAMPBELL ◽  
DANIEL S. SHAW ◽  
MILES GILLIOM
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Externalizing Behavior Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Small Subgroup ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Research And Policy

The early emergence and developmental implications of externalizing behavior problems in toddlers and preschoolers are discussed with an emphasis on which young children are truly at risk for continuing problems. The extant literature is reviewed with a focus on the stability of early externalizing behavior and the diverse pathways that young children, primarily boys, with early-emerging problems may follow. Findings from a number of studies, both epidemiological and high risk, suggest that the small subgroup of boys with multiple risk factors that include especially high levels of early hyperactivity and aggression, and high levels of negative parenting and family stress, are most likely to evidence continuing problems at school entry. Sociodemographic and neighborhood influences are also discussed, as are implications for future research and policy.

Adaptive and maladaptive narcissism, charisma, and leadership performance: A study of perceptions about the presidential leadership of Donald Trump

Leadership ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-682
Author(s):  
Ethlyn A Williams ◽  
Rajnandini Pillai ◽  
Kate McCombs ◽  
Kevin B Lowe ◽  
Bryan J Deptula
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Presidential Leadership ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Leadership Performance ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Perceptions Of Leadership ◽  
Registered Voters

The current study examines the effects of perceptions of leader adaptive and maladaptive narcissism on ratings of charisma and presidential leadership performance for Donald Trump by registered voters. We present a model examining differing dimensions of narcissism, and their effects on attributed charisma and perceptions of leadership performance for Donald Trump. Structural equation modeling results reveal positive effects of adaptive narcissism on attributed charisma and leadership performance of Donald Trump; and negative effects of maladaptive narcissism on attributed charisma and leadership performance of Donald Trump. Perceived adaptive and maladaptive narcissism had indirect effects on leadership performance (through attributed charisma). The contributions made to the literature, implications of the findings, and directions for future research are discussed.

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